Interpretation of Shipping Act of 1984—Unjust and unreasonable practices.

46 U.S.C. 41102(c) is interpreted to require the following elements in order to establish a successful claim for reparations: (a) The respondent is an ocean common carrier, marine terminal operator, or ocean transportation intermediary; (b) The claimed acts or omissions of the regulated entity are occurring on a normal, customary, and continuous basis; (c) The practice or regulation relates to or is connected with receiving, handling, storing, or delivering property; (d) The practice or regulation is unjust or unreasonable; and (e) The practice or regulation is the proximate cause of the claimed loss. [83 FR 64480, Dec. 17, 2018]