Natural flavoring substances and natural substances used in conjunction with flavors.

Natural flavoring substances and natural adjuvants may be safely used in food in accordance with the following conditions. (a) They are used in the minimum quantity required to produce their intended physical or technical effect and in accordance with all the principles of good manufacturing practice. (b) In the appropriate forms (plant parts, fluid and solid extracts, concentrates, absolutes, oils, gums, balsams, resins, oleoresins, waxes, and distillates) they consist of one or more of the following, used alone or in combination with flavoring substances and adjuvants generally recognized as safe in food, previously sanctioned for such use, or regulated in any section of this part. Common name Scientific name Limitations Aloe Aloe perryi Baker, A. barbadensis Mill., A. ferox Mill., and hybrids of this sp. with A. africana Mill. and A. spicata Baker Althea root and flowers Althea officinalis L Amyris (West Indian sandalwood) Amyris balsamifera L Angola weed Roccella fuciformis Ach In alcoholic beverages only Arnica flowers Arnica montana L., A. fulgens Pursh, A. sororia Greene, or A. cordifolia Hooker Do. Artemisia (wormwood) Artemisia spp Finished food thujone free 1 Artichoke leaves Cynara scolymus L In alcoholic beverages only Benzoin resin Styrax benzoin Dryander, S. paralleloneurus Perkins, S. tonkinensis (Pierre) Craib ex Hartwich, or other spp. of the Section Anthostyrax of the genus Styrax Blackberry bark Rubus, Section Eubatus Boldus (boldo) leaves Peumus boldus Mol Do. Boronia flowers Boronia megastigma Nees Bryonia root Bryonia alba L., or B. diocia Jacq Do. Buchu leaves Barosma betulina Bartl. et Wendl., B. crenulata (L.) Hook. or B. serratifolia Willd Buckbean leaves Menyanthes trifoliata L Do. Cajeput Melaleuca leucadendron L. and other Melaleuca spp Calumba root Jateorhiza palmata (Lam.) Miers Do. Camphor tree Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Nees et Eberm Safrole free Cascara sagrada Rhamnus purshiana DC Cassie flowers Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd Castor oil Ricinus communis L Catechu, black Acacia catechu Willd Cedar, white (aborvitae), leaves and twigs Thuja occidentalis L Finished food thujone free 1 Centuary Centaurium umbellatum Gilib In alcoholic beverages only Cherry pits Prunus avium L. or P. cerasus L Not to exceed 25 p.p.m. prussic acid Cherry-laurel leaves Prunus laurocerasus L Do. Chestnut leaves Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh Chirata Swertia chirata Buch.-Ham In alcoholic beverages only Cinchona, red, bark Cinchona succirubra Pav. or its hybrids In beverages only; not more than 83 p.p.m. total cinchona alkaloids in finished beverage Cinchona, yellow, bark Cinchona ledgeriana Moens, C. calisaya Wedd., or hybrids of these with other spp. of Cinchona. Do. Copaiba South American spp. of Copaifera L Cork, oak Quercus suber L., or Q. occidentalis F. Gay In alcoholic beverages only Costmary Chrysanthemum balsamita L Do. Costus root Saussurea lappa Clarke Cubeb Piper cubeba L. f Currant, black, buds and leaves Ribes nigrum L Damiana leaves Turnera diffusa Willd Davana Artemisia pallens Wall Dill, Indian Anethum sowa Roxb. ( Peucedanum graveolens Benth et Hook., Anethum graveolens L.) Dittany (fraxinella) roots Dictamnus albus L Do. Dittany of Crete Origanum dictamnus L Dragon's blood (dracorubin) Daemonorops spp Elder tree leaves Sambucus nigra L In alcoholic beverages only; not to exceed 25 p.p.m. prussic acid in the flavor Elecampane rhizome and roots Inula helenium L In alcoholic beverages only Elemi Canarium commune L. or C. luzonicum Miq Erigeron Erigeron canadensis L Eucalyptus globulus leaves Eucalyptus globulus Labill Fir (“pine”) needles and twigs Abies sibirica Ledeb., A. alba Mill., A. sachalinesis Masters or A. mayriana Miyabe et Kudo Fir, balsam, needles and twigs Abies balsamea (L.) Mill Galanga, greater Alpinia galanga Willd Do. Galbanum Ferula galbaniflua Boiss. et Buhse and other Ferula spp Gambir (catechu, pale) Uncaria gambir Roxb Genet flowers Spartium junceum L Gentian rhizome and roots Gentiana lutea L Gentian, stemless Gentiana acaulis L Do. Germander, chamaedrys Teucrium chamaedrys L Do. Germander, golden Teucrium polium L Do. Guaiac Guaiacum officinale L., G. santum L., Bulnesia sarmienti Lor Guarana Paullinia cupana HBK Haw, black, bark Viburnum prunifolium L Hemlock needles and twigs Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. or T. heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg Hyacinth flowers Hyacinthus orientalis L Iceland moss Cetraria islandica Ach Do. Imperatoria Peucedanum ostruthium (L.). Koch ( Imperatoria ostruthium L.) Iva Achillea moschata Jacq Do. Labdanum Cistus spp Lemon-verbena Lippia citriodora HBK Do. Linaloe wood Bursera delpechiana Poiss. and other Bursera spp Linden leaves Tillia spp Do. Lovage Levisticum officinale Koch Lungmoss (lungwort) Sticta pulmonacea Ach Maidenhair fern Adiantum capillus-veneris L Do. Maple, mountain Acer spicatum Lam Mimosa (black wattle) flowers Acacia decurrens Willd. var. dealbata Mullein flowers Verbascum phlomoides L. or V. thapsiforme Schrad Do. Myrrh Commiphora molmol Engl., C. abyssinica (Berg) Engl., or other Commiphora spp Myrtle leaves Myrtus communis L Do. Oak, English, wood Quercus robur L Do. Oak, white, chips Quercus alba L Oak moss Evernia prunastri (L.) Ach., E. furfuracea (L.) Mann, and other lichens Finished food thujone free 1 Olibanum Boswellia carteri Birdw. and other Boswellia spp Opopanax (bisabolmyrrh) Opopanax chironium Koch (true opopanax) of Commiphora erythraea Engl. var. Llabrescens Orris root Iris germanica L. (including its variety florentina Dykes) and I. pallida Lam Pansy Viola tricolor L In alcoholic beverages only Passion flower Passiflora incarnata L Patchouly Pogostemon cablin Benth. and P. heyneanus Benth Peach leaves Prunus persica (L.) Batsch In alcoholic beverages only; not to exceed 25 p.p.m. prussic acid in the flavor Pennyroyal, American Hedeoma pulegioides (L.) Pers Pennyroyal, European Mentha pulegium L Pine, dwarf, needles and twigs Pinus mugo Turra var. pumilio (Haenke) Zenari Pine, Scotch, needles and twigs Pinus sylvestris L Pine, white, bark Pinus strobus L In alcoholic beverages only Pine, white oil Pinus palustris Mill., and other Pinus spp Poplar buds Populus balsamifera L. ( P. tacamahacca Mill.), P. candicans Ait., or P. nigra L Do. Quassia Picrasma excelsa (Sw.) Planch, or Quassia amara L Quebracho bark Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco Schlecht, or ( Quebrachia lorentzii (Griseb)) Schinopsis lorentzii (Griseb.) Engl. Quillaia (soapbark) Quillaja saponaria Mol Red saunders (red sandalwood) Pterocarpus san alinus L In alcoholic beverages only Rhatany root Krameria triandra Ruiz et Pav. or K. argentea Mart Rhubarb, garden root Rheum rhaponticum L Do. Rhubarb root Rheum officinale Baill., R. palmatum L., or other spp. (excepting R. rhaponticum L.) or hybrids of Rheum grown in China Roselle Hibiscus sabdariffa L Do. Rosin (colophony) Pinus palustris Mill., and other Pinus spp Do. St. Johnswort leaves, flowers, and caulis Hypericum perforatum L Hypericin-free alcohol distillate form only; in alcoholic beverages only Sandalwood, white (yellow, or East Indian) Santalum album L Sandarac Tetraclinis articulata (Vahl.), Mast In alcoholic beverages only Sarsaparilla Smilax aristolochiaefolia Mill., (Mexican sarsaparilla), S. regelii Killip et Morton (Honduras sarsaparilla), S. febrifuga Kunth (Ecuadorean sarsaparilla), or undetermined Smilax spp. (Ecuadorean or Central American sarsaparilla) Sassafras leaves Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees Safrole free Senna, Alexandria Cassia acutifolia Delile Serpentaria (Virginia snakeroot) Aristolochia serpentaria L In alcoholic beverages only Simaruba bark Simaruba amara Aubl Do. Snakeroot, Canadian (wild ginger) Asarum canadense L Spruce needles and twigs Picea glauca (Moench) Voss or P. mariana (Mill.) BSP Storax (styrax) Liquidambar orientalis Mill. or L. styraciflua L Tagetes (marigold) Tagetes patula L., T. erecta L., or T. minuta L. ( T. glandulifera Schrank) As oil only Tansy Tanacetum vulgare L In alcoholic beverages only; finished alcoholic beverage thujone free 1 Thistle, blessed (holy thistle) Onicus benedictus L In alcoholic beverages only Thymus capitatus (Spanish “origanum”) Thymus capitatus Hoffmg. et Link Tolu Myroxylon balsamum (L.) Harms Turpentine Pinus palustris Mill. and other Pinus spp. which yield terpene oils exclusively Valerian rhizome and roots Valeriana officinalis L Veronica Veronica officinalis L Do. Vervain, European Verbena officinalis L Do. Vetiver Vetiveria zizanioides Stapf Do. Violet, Swiss Viola calcarata L Walnut husks (hulls), leaves, and green nuts Juglans nigra L. or J. regia L Woodruff, sweet Asperula odorata L In alcoholic beverages only Yarrow Achillea millefolium L In beverages only; finished beverage thujone free 1 Yerba santa Eriodictyon californicum (Hook, et Arn.) Torr Yucca, Joshua-tree Yucca brevifolia Engelm Yucca, Mohave Yucca schidigera Roezl ex Ortgies ( Y. mohavensis Sarg.) 1 As determined by using the method (or, in other than alcoholic beverages, a suitable adaptation thereof) in section 9.129 of the “Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists,” 13th Ed. (1980), which is incorporated by reference. Copies may be obtained from the AOAC INTERNATIONAL, 481 North Frederick Ave., suite 500, Gaithersburg, MD 20877, or may be examined at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call 202-741-6030, or go to: http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html. [42 FR 14491, Mar. 15, 1977, as amended at 43 FR 14644, Apr. 7, 1978; 49 FR 10104, Mar. 19, 1984; 54 FR 24897, June 12, 1989; 69 FR 24511, May 4, 2004; 72 FR 10357, Mar. 8, 2007]