environment and global warming

environment and global warming Sec. 533. (a) It is the policy of the United States that sustainable economic growth must be predicated on the sustainable management of natural resources. The Secretary of the Treasury shall instruct the United States Executive Director of each multilateral development bank (MDB) to promote vigorously within each MDB the expansion of programs in areas which address the problems of global climate change through requirements to— (1) expand programs in energy conservation, end use energy efficiency, and renewable energy and promotion by— (A) continuing to augment and expand professional staffs with expertise in these areas; (B) giving priority to these areas in the “least cost” energy sector investment plans; (C) encouraging and promoting these areas in policy-based energy sector lending; (D) developing loans for these purposes; and (E) convening seminars for MDB staff and board members on these areas and alternative energy investment opportunities; (2) provide analysis for each proposed loan to support additional power generating capacity comparing demand reduction costs to proposal costs; (3) continue to assure that environmental impact assessments (EIA) of proposed energy projects are conducted early in the project cycle, include consideration of alternatives to the pro-posed project, and encourage public participation in the EIA process; (4) continue to include the environmental costs of proposed projects with significant environmental impacts in economic assessments; and (5) continue to provide technical assistance as a component of energy sector lending. (b) The Secretary of the Treasury shall, not later than March 1, 1991, submit an annual report to the Congress which shall include— (1) a detailed description of how the natural resource management initiatives mandated by this section have been incorporated in the Administration’s efforts to address Third World Debt (the Brady Plan); (2) a detailed description of progress made by each of the MDBs in adopting and implementing programs meeting the standards set out in subsection (a) including, in particular, efforts by the Department of the Treasury to assure implementation of this section, progress made by each MDB in subsection (a)(1)(B), and the amounts and proportion of lending in the energy sector for projects or programs in subsection (a)(1); (3) the progress the Inter-American Development Bank has made in implementing environmental reforms; 104 STAT. 2014 (4) an updated analysis of each MDB’s forestry sector loans, and a current analysis of each MDB’s energy sector loans, and their impact on emissions of CO2 and the status of proposals for specific forestry and energy sector activities to reduce CO4 emissions; and (5) the progress the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development has made in implementing the recommendations set forth in the April 1, 1988, report on “Debt-for-Nature Swaps” by the World Bank. (c)(1) The Administrator of the Agency for International Development shall update and issue guidance to all Agency missions and bureaus detailing the elements of the “Global Warming Initiative”, which will continue to emphasize the need to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases, especially CO2 and CFCs, through strategies consistent with continued economic development. This initiative shall continue to emphasize the need to accelerate sustainable development strategies in areas such as reforestation, biodiversity, end-use energy efficiency, least-cost energy planning, and renewable energy, and shall encourage mission directors to incorporate the elements of this initiative in developing their country programs. (2) The Administrator shall pursue this initiative by, among other things— (A) increasing the number and expertise of personnel devoted to this initiative in all bureaus and missions; (B) devoting increased resources to technical training of mission directors; (C) accelerating the activities of the Multi-Agency Working Group on Power Sector Innovation; (D) focusing tropical forestry assistance programs on the key middle- and low-income developing countries (hereinafter “key countries”) which are projected to contribute large amounts of greenhouse gases to the global environment; (E) assisting countries in developing a systematic analysis of the appropriate use of their total tropical forest resources, with the goal of developing a national program for sustainable forestry; (F) focusing energy assistance activities on the key countries, where assistance would have the greatest impact on reducing emissions from greenhouse gases; and (G) continuing to follow the directives with respect to key countries and countries that receive large Economic Support Fund assistance contained in section 534(b)(3) of Public Law 101–167. (3) None of the funds appropriated in this Act shall be available for any program, project or activity which would— (A) result in any significant loss of tropical forests; or (B) involve industrial timber extraction in primary tropical forest areas. (4) Funds appropriated to carry out the provisions of sections 103 and 106 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended, may be used by the Agency for International Development, notwithstanding any other provision of law, for the purpose of supporting tropical forestry and energy programs aimed at reducing emissions of green-house gases with regard to the key countries in which deforestation and energy policy would make a significant contribution to global warming, except that such assistance shall be subject to sections 116, 502B, and 620A of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961. 104 STAT. 2015 (5) Funds appropriated by this Act to carry out the provisions of sections 103 and 106 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 may be used for expenses (including related support costs) relating to the environment and energy sectors, of employees or individuals detailed to or employed by the Agency for International Development, particularly those involved with the “Global Warming Initiative” described in this subsection. (d) Of the funds appropriated by this Act to carry out the provisions of part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, not less than $80,000,000 shall be made available for environment and energy activities, including funds earmarked under section 534 of this Act, as follows— (1) not less than $15,000,000 of the aggregate of the funds appropriated to carry out the provisions of sections 103 through 106 and chapter 10 of part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 shall be made available for biological diversity activities, of which: $3,000,000 shall be made available for the Parks in Peril project pursuant to the authority of section 119(b) of that Act, $500,000 shall be for neotropical migratory bird conservation in Latin America and the Caribbean, $100,000 shall be for the Charles Darwin Station, $750,000 shall be for Project Noah, and $1,500,000 shall be for the National Science Foundation’s international biological diversity program; (2) not less than $30,000,000 of the funds appropriated to carry out the provisions of sections 103 and 106 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 shall be made available to support the “Global Warming Initiative” as described in this section; (3) not less than $5,000,000 of the funds appropriated to carry out the provisions of sections 103,106 and chapter 10 of part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 shall be made available for assistance in support of elephant conservation and preservation; and (4) not less than $20,000,000 of the funds appropriated to carry out the provisions of sections 103 and 106 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 shall be made available for the Office of Energy of the Agency for International Development. (e) Of the funds appropriated by this Act to carry out the provisions of section 23 of the Arms Export Control Act, not less than $15,000,000 shall be made available to countries in Africa for pro-grams which support conservation and biological diversity. (f) Chapter 2 of part II of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 is amended by adding the following new section: “Sec. 518. Natural Resources and Wildlife Management.— (a) Authority to Transfer Nonlethal Excess Defense Articles and Small Arms.—Subject to the limitations in this section, the President may transfer nonlethal excess defense articles and small arms to friendly countries and to international organizations and private and voluntary organizations for the purposes contained in section 119 of this Act. “(b) Limitation on Transfers.—Transfers under this section shall be subject to the limitations contained in section 516(b). “(c) Transportation.—The Department is authorized to transport nonlethal excess defense articles and small arms made available pursuant to this section without charge on a space available basis. “(d) Waiver of Requirements for Reimbursement of DOD Expenses.—Section 632(d) shall not apply with respect to transfers of nonlethal excess defense articles and small arms under this 104 STAT. 2016section or the transportation of such articles as authorized by subsection (c). “(e) Notification to Committees of Congress.—The President may not transfer nonlethal excess defense articles and small arms under this section until 30 days after he has notified the Committees on Appropriations of the proposed transfer. This notification shall include a certification of the need for the transfer and an assessment of the impact of the transfer on the military readiness of the United States. Transfers under this section shall also be subject to the notification requirements of section 516(c) of this Act.”. (g) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, none of the funds appropriated by this Act for programs of the Agency for International Development may be made available for any project or activity except in accordance with the requirements of section 117(c) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 and the regulations issued pursuant thereto (22 CFR 216).