Definitions

§ 101. Definitions In addition to the definitions in sections 1–5 of title 1, the following definitions apply in this title: (1) “United States”, in a geographic sense, means the States and the District of Columbia. (2) “Territory” means Alaska, Hawaii, or any Territory organized after this title is enacted, so long as it remains a Territory. (3) “Possessions” includes the Virgin Islands, the Canal Zone, Guam, American Samoa, and the guano islands, so long as they remain possessions, but does not include any Territory or Commonwealth. (4) “Armed forces” means the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard. (5) “Department”, when used with respect to a military department, means the executive part of the department and all 4field headquarters, forces, reserve components, installations, activities, and functions under the control or supervision of the Secretary of the department. When used with respect to the Department of Defense, it means the executive part of the department, including the executive parts of the military departments, and all field headquarters, forces, reserve components, installations, activities, and functions under the control or supervision or the Secretary of Defense, including those of the military departments. (6) “Executive part of the department” means the executive part of the Department of Defense, Department of the Army, Department of the Navy, or Department of the Air Force, as the case may be, at the seat of government. (7) “Military departments” means the Department of the Army, the Department of the Navy, and the Department of the Air Force. (8) “Secretary concerned” means— (A) the Secretary of the Army, with respect to matters concerning the Army; (B) the Secretary of the Navy, with respect to matters concerning the Navy, the Marine Corps, and the Coast Guard when it is operating as a service in the Navy; (C) the Secretary of the Air Force, with respect to matters concerning the Air Force; and (D) the Secretary of the Treasury, with respect to matters concerning the Coast Guard when it is not operating as a service in the Navy. (9) “National Guard” means the Army National Guard and the Air National Guard. (10) “Army National Guard” means that part of the organized militia of the several States and Territories, Puerto Rico, the Canal Zone, and the District of Columbia, active and inactive, that— (A) is a land force; (B) is trained, and has its officers appointed, under the sixteenth clause of section 8, article I, of the Constitution; (C) is organized, armed, and equipped wholly or partly at Federal expense; and (D) is federally recognized. (11) “Army National Guard of the United States” means the reserve component of the Army all of whose members are members of the Army National Guard. (12) “Air National Guard” means that part of the organized militia of the several States and Territories, Puerto Rico, the Canal Zone, and the District of Columbia, active and inactive, that— (A) is an air force; (B) is trained, and has its officers appointed, under the sixteenth clause of section 8, article I, of the Constitution; (C) is organized, armed, and equipped wholly or partly at Federal expense; and (D) is federally recognized. 5 (13) “Air National Guard of the United States” means the reserve component of the Air Force all of whose members are members of the Air National Guard. (14) “Officer” means commissioned or warrant officer. (15) “Commissioned officer” includes a commissioned warrant officer. (16) “Warrant officer” means a person who holds a commission or warrant in a warrant officer grade. (17) “Enlisted member” means a person in an enlisted grade. (18) “Grade” means a step or degree, in a graduated scale of office or military rank, that is established and designated as a grade by law or regulation. (19) “Rank” means the order of precedence among members of the armed forces. (20) “Rating” means the name (such as “boatswain’s mate”) prescribed for members of an armed force in an occupational field. “Rate” means the name (such as “chief boatswain’s mate”) prescribed for members in the same rating or other category who are in the same grade (such as chief petty officer or seaman apprentice). (21) “Authorized strength” means the largest number of members authorized to be in an armed force, a component, a branch, a grade, or any other category of the armed forces. (22) “Active duty” means full-time duty in the active military service of the United States. It includes duty on the active list, full-time training duty, annual training duty, and attendance, while in the active military service, at a school designated as a service school by law or by the Secretary of the military department concerned. (23) “Active duty for a period of more than 30 days” means active duty under a call or order that does not specify a period of 30 days or less. (24) “Active service” means service on active duty. (26) “Supplies” includes material, equipment, and stores of all kinds. (27) “Pay” includes basic pay, special pay, retainer pay, incentive pay, retired pay, and equivalent pay, but does not include allowances. (28) “Shall” is used in an imperative sense. (29) “May” is used in a permissive sense. The words “no person may …” mean that no person is required, authorized, or permitted to do the act prescribed. (30) “Includes” means “includes but is not limited to”. (31) “Inactive-duty training” means— (A) duty prescribed for Reserves by the Secretary concerned under section 301 of title 37 or any other provision of law; and (B) special additional duties authorized for Reserves by an authority designated by the Secretary concerned and performed by them on a voluntary basis in connection with the prescribed training or maintenance activities of the units to which they are assigned. It includes those duties when performed by Reserves in their status as members of the National Guard. 6 (32) “Spouse” means husband or wife, as the case may be. (33) “Regular”, with respect to an enlistment, appointment, grade, or office, means enlistment, appointment, grade, or office in a regular component of an armed force. (34) “Reserve”, with respect to an enlistment, appointment, grade, or office, means enlistment, appointment, grade, or office held as a Reserve of an armed force.