PORT SECURITY.

SEC. 102. PORT SECURITY. (a) In General.—Title 46, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following new subtitle: “Subtitle VI—Miscellaneous “Chap. Sec. “701. Port Security70101 “CHAPTER 701—PORT SECURITY “Sec. “70101. Definitions “70102. United States facility and vessel vulnerability assessments. “70103. Maritime transportation security plans. “70104. Transportation security incident response. “70105. Transportation security cards. “70106. Maritime safety and security teams. “70107. Grants. “70108. Foreign port assessment. “70109. Notifying foreign authorities. “70110. Actions when foreign ports not maintaining effective antiterrorism measures. “70111. Enhanced crewmember identification. “70112. Maritime security advisory committees. “70113. Maritime intelligence. “70114. Automatic identification systems. “70115. Long-range vessel tracking system. “70116. Secure systems of transportation. “70117. Civil penalty. “§ 70101. Definitions “For the purpose of this chapter: “(1) The term ‘Area Maritime Transportation Security Plan’ means an Area Maritime Transportation Security Plan prepared under section 70103(b). “(2) The term facility’ means any structure or facility of any kind located in, on, under, or adjacent to any waters subject to the jurisdiction of the United States. “(3) The term “National Maritime Transportation Security Plan’ means the National Maritime Transportation Security Plan prepared and published under section 70103(a). “(4) The term ‘owner or operator’ means— “(A) in the case of a vessel, any person owning, operating, or chartering by demise, such vessel; and “(B) in the case of a facility, any person owning, leasing, or operating such facility. “(5) The term ‘Secretary’ means the Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating. “(6) The term “transportation security incident’ means a security incident resulting in a significant loss of life, environmental damage, transportation system disruption, or economic disruption in a particular area. “§ 70102. United States facility and vessel vulnerability assessments “(a) Initial Assessments.—The Secretary shall conduct an assessment of vessel types and United States facilities on or adjacent to the waters subject to the jurisdiction of the United States to identify those vessel types and United States facilities that pose a high risk of being involved in a transportation security incident. “(b) Facility and Vessel Assessments.—(1) Based on the information gathered under subsection (a) of this section, the Secretary shall conduct a detailed vulnerability assessment of the 116 STAT. 2069facilities and vessels that may be involved in a transportation security incident. The vulnerability assessment shall include the following: “(A) Identification and evaluation of critical assets and infrastructures. “(B) Identification of the threats to those assets and infrastructures. “(C) Identification of weaknesses in physical security, passenger and cargo security, structural integrity, protection systems, procedural policies, communications systems, transportation infrastructure, utilities, contingency response, and other areas as determined by the Secretary. “(2) Upon completion of an assessment under this subsection for a facility or vessel, the Secretary shall provide the owner or operator with a copy of the vulnerability assessment for that facility or vessel. “(3) The Secretary shall update each vulnerability assessment conducted under this section at least every 5 years. “(4) In lieu of conducting a facility or vessel vulnerability assessment under paragraph (1), the Secretary may accept an alternative assessment conducted by or on behalf of the owner or operator of the facility or vessel if the Secretary determines that the alternative assessment includes the matters required under paragraph (1). “§ 70103. Maritime transportation security plans “(a) National Maritime Transportation Security Plan.—(1) The Secretary shall prepare a National Maritime Transportation Security Plan for deterring and responding to a transportation security incident. “(2) The National Maritime Transportation Security Plan shall provide for efficient, coordinated, and effective action to deter and minimize damage from a transportation security incident, and shall include the following: “(A) Assignment of duties and responsibilities among Federal departments and agencies and coordination with State and local governmental agencies. “(B) Identification of security resources. “(C) Procedures and techniques to be employed in deterring a national transportation security incident. “(D) Establishment of procedures for the coordination of activities of— “(i) Coast Guard maritime security teams established under this chapter; and “(ii) Federal Maritime Security Coordinators required under this chapter. “(E) A system of surveillance and notice designed to safeguard against as well as ensure earliest possible notice of a transportation security incident and imminent threats of such a security incident to the appropriate State and Federal agencies. “(F) Establishment of criteria and procedures to ensure immediate and effective Federal identification of a transportation security incident, or the substantial threat of such a security incident. “(G) Designation of— 116 STAT. 2070 “(i) areas for which Area Maritime Transportation Security Plans are required to be prepared under subsection (b); and “(ii) a Coast Guard official who shall be the Federal Maritime Security Coordinator for each such area. “(H) A risk-based system for evaluating the potential for violations of security zones designated by the Secretary on the waters subject to the jurisdiction of the United States. “(I) A recognition of certified systems of intermodal transportation. “(J) A plan for ensuring that the flow of cargo through United States ports is reestablished as efficiently and quickly as possible after a transportation security incident. “(3) The Secretary shall, as the Secretary considers advisable, revise or otherwise amend the National Maritime Transportation Security Plan. “(4) Actions by Federal agencies to deter and minimize damage from a transportation security incident shall, to the greatest extent possible, be in accordance with the National Maritime Transportation Security Plan. “(5) The Secretary shall inform vessel and facility owners or operators of the provisions in the National Transportation Security Plan that the Secretary considers necessary for security purposes. “(b) Area Maritime Transportation Security Plans.—(1) The Federal Maritime Security Coordinator designated under subsection (a)(2)(G) for an area shall— “(A) submit to the Secretary an Area Maritime Transportation Security Plan for the area; and “(B) solicit advice from the Area Security Advisory Committee required under this chapter, for the area to assure preplanning of joint deterrence efforts, including appropriate procedures for deterrence of a transportation security incident. “(2) The Area Maritime Transportation Security Plan for an area shall— “(A) when implemented in conjunction with the National Maritime Transportation Security Plan, be adequate to deter a transportation security incident in or near the area to the maximum extent practicable; “(B) describe the area and infrastructure covered by the plan, including the areas of population or special economic, environmental, or national security importance that might be damaged by a transportation security incident; “(C) describe in detail how the plan is integrated with other Area Maritime Transportation Security Plans, and with facility security plans and vessel security plans under this section; “(D) include consultation and coordination with the Department of Defense on matters relating to Department of Defense facilities and vessels; “(E) include any other information the Secretary requires; and “(F) be updated at least every 5 years by the Federal Maritime Security Coordinator. “(3) The Secretary shall— “(A) review and approve Area Maritime Transportation Security Plans under this subsection; and 116 STAT. 2071 “(B) periodically review previously approved Area Maritime Transportation Security Plans. “(4) In security zones designated by the Secretary in each Area Maritime Transportation Security Plan, the Secretary shall consider— “(A) the use of public/private partnerships to enforce security within the security zones, shoreside protection alternatives, and the environmental, public safety, and relative effectiveness of such alternatives; and “(B) technological means of enhancing the security zones of port, territorial waters, and waterways of the United States. “(c) Vessel and Facility Security Plans.—(1) Within 6 months after the prescription of interim final regulations on vessel and facility security plans, an owner or operator of a vessel or facility described in paragraph (2) shall prepare and submit to the Secretary a security plan for the vessel or facility, for deterring a transportation security incident to the maximum extent practicable. “(2) The vessels and facilities referred to in paragraph (1)— “(A) except as provided in subparagraph (B), are vessels and facilities that the Secretary believes may be involved in a transportation security incident; and “(B) do not include any vessel or facility owned or operated by the Department of Defense. “(3) A security plan required under this subsection shall— “(A) be consistent with the requirements of the National Maritime Transportation Security Plan and Area Maritime Transportation Security Plans; “(B) identify the qualified individual having full authority to implement security actions, and require immediate communications between that individual and the appropriate Federal official and the persons providing personnel and equipment pursuant to subparagraph (C); “(C) include provisions for— “(i) establishing and maintaining physical security, passenger and cargo security, and personnel security; “(ii) establishing and controlling access to secure areas of the vessel or facility; “(iii) procedural security policies; “(iv) communications systems; and “(v) other security systems; “(D) identify, and ensure by contract or other means approved by the Secretary, the availability of security measures necessary to deter to the maximum extent practicable a transportation security incident or a substantial threat of such a security incident; “(E) describe the training, periodic unannounced drills, and security actions of persons on the vessel or at the facility, to be carried out under the plan to deter to the maximum extent practicable a transportation security incident, or a substantial threat of such a security incident; “(F) be updated at least every 5 years; and “(G) be resubmitted for approval of each change to the vessel or facility that may substantially affect the security of the vessel or facility. “(4) The Secretary shall— “(A) promptly review each such plan; 116 STAT. 2072 “(B) require amendments to any plan that does not meet the requirements of this subsection; “(C) approve any plan that meets the requirements of this subsection; and “(D) review each plan periodically thereafter. “(5) A vessel or facility for which a plan is required to be submitted under this subsection may not operate after the end of the 12-month period beginning on the date of the prescription of interim final regulations on vessel and facility security plans, unless— “(A) the plan has been approved by the Secretary; and “(B) the vessel or facility is operating in compliance with the plan. “(6) Notwithstanding paragraph (5), the Secretary may authorize a vessel or facility to operate without a security plan approved under this subsection, until not later than 1 year after the date of the submission to the Secretary of a plan for the vessel or facility, if the owner or operator of the vessel or facility certifies that the owner or operator has ensured by contract or other means approved by the Secretary to deter to the maximum extent practicable a transportation security incident or a substantial threat of such a security incident. “(7) The Secretary shall require each owner or operator of a vessel or facility located within or adjacent to waters subject to the jurisdiction of the United States to implement any necessary interim security measures, including cargo security programs, to deter to the maximum extent practicable a transportation security incident until the security plan for that vessel or facility operator is approved. “(d) Nondisclosure of Information.—Notwithstanding any other provision of law, information developed under this chapter is not required to be disclosed to the public, including— “(1) facility security plans, vessel security plans, and port vulnerability assessments; and “(2) other information related to security plans, procedures, or programs for vessels or facilities authorized under this chapter. “§ 70104. Transportation security incident response “(a) Facility and Vessel Response Plans.—The Secretary shall— “(1) establish security incident response plans for vessels and facilities that may be involved in a transportation security incident; and “(2) make those plans available to the Director of the Federal Emergency Management Agency for inclusion in the Director’s response plan for United States ports and waterways. “(b) Contents.—Response plans developed under subsection (a) shall provide a comprehensive response to an emergency, including notifying and coordinating with local, State, and Federal authorities, including the Director of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, securing the facility or vessel, and evacuating facility and vessel personnel. “(c) Inclusion in Security Plan.—A response plan required under this subsection for a vessel or facility may be included in the security plan prepared under section 70103(c). 116 STAT. 2073 “§ 70105. Transportation security cards “(a) Prohibition.—(1) The Secretary shall prescribe regulations Regulations. to prevent an individual from entering an area of a vessel or facility that is designated as a secure area by the Secretary for purposes of a security plan for the vessel or facility that is approved by the Secretary under section 70103 of this title unless the individual— “(A) holds a transportation security card issued under this section and is authorized to be in the area in accordance with the plan; or “(B) is accompanied by another individual who holds a transportation security card issued under this section and is authorized to be in the area in accordance with the plan. “(2) A person shall not admit an individual into such a secure area unless the entry of the individual into the area is in compliance with paragraph (1). “(b) Issuance of Cards.—(1) The Secretary shall issue a biometric transportation security card to an individual specified in paragraph (2), unless the Secretary decides that the individual poses a security risk under subsection (c) warranting denial of the card. “(2) This subsection applies to— “(A) an individual allowed unescorted access to a secure area designated in a vessel or facility security plan approved under section 70103 of this title; “(B) an individual issued a license, certificate of registry, or merchant mariners document under part E of subtitle II of this title; “(C) a vessel pilot; “(D) an individual engaged on a towing vessel that pushes, pulls, or hauls alongside a tank vessel; “(E) an individual with access to security sensitive information as determined by the Secretary; and “(F) other individuals engaged in port security activities as determined by the Secretary. “(c) Determination of Terrorism Security Risk.—(1) An individual may not be denied a transportation security card under subsection (b) unless the Secretary determines that individual— “(A) has been convicted within the preceding 7-year period of a felony or found not guilty by reason of insanity of a felony— “(i) that the Secretary believes could cause the individual to be a terrorism security risk to the United States; or “(ii) for causing a severe transportation security incident; “(B) has been released from incarceration within the preceding 5-year period for committing a felony described in subparagraph (A); “(C) may be denied admission to the United States or removed from the United States under the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101 et seq.); or “(D) otherwise poses a terrorism security risk to the United States. “(2) The Secretary shall prescribe regulations that establish a waiver process for issuing a transportation security card to an individual found to be otherwise ineligible for such a card under 116 STAT. 2074paragraph (1). In deciding to issue a card to such an individual, the Secretary shall— “(A) give consideration to the circumstances of any disqualifying act or offense, restitution made by the individual, Federal and State mitigation remedies, and other factors from which it may be concluded that the individual does not pose a terrorism risk warranting denial of the card; and “(B) issue a waiver to an individual without regard to whether that individual would otherwise be disqualified if the individual’s employer establishes alternate security arrangements acceptable to the Secretary. “(3) The Secretary shall establish an appeals process under this section for individuals found to be ineligible for a transportation security card that includes notice and an opportunity for a hearing. “(4) Upon application, the Secretary may issue a transportation security card to an individual if the Secretary has previously determined, under section 5103a of title 49, that the individual does not pose a security risk. “(d) Background Records Check.—(1) On request of the Secretary, the Attorney General shall— “(A) conduct a background records check regarding the individual; and “(B) upon completing the background records check, notify the Secretary of the completion and results of the background records check. “(2) A background records check regarding an individual under this subsection shall consist of the following: “(A) A check of the relevant criminal history databases. “(B) In the case of an alien, a check of the relevant databases to determine the status of the alien under the immigration laws of the United States. “(C) As appropriate, a check of the relevant international databases or other appropriate means. “(D) Review of any other national security-related information or database identified by the Attorney General for purposes of such a background records check. “(e) Restrictions on Use and Maintenance of Information.—(1) Information obtained by the Attorney General or the Secretary under this section may not be made available to the public, including the individual’s employer. “(2) Any information constituting grounds for denial of a transportation security card under this section shall be maintained confidentially by the Secretary and may be used only for making determinations under this section. The Secretary may share any such information with other Federal law enforcement agencies. An individual’s employer may only be informed of whether or not the individual has been issued the card under this section. “(f) Definition.—In this section, the term ‘alien’ has the meaning given the term in section 101(a)(3) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(3)).”. “§ 70106. Maritime safety and security teams “(a) In General.—To enhance the domestic maritime security capability of the United States, the Secretary shall establish such maritime safety and security teams as are needed to safeguard the public and protect vessels, harbors, ports, facilities, and cargo in waters subject to the jurisdiction of the United States from 116 STAT. 2075destruction, loss or injury from crime, or sabotage due to terrorist activity, and to respond to such activity in accordance with the transportation security plans developed under section 70103. “(b) Mission.—Each maritime safety and security team shall be trained, equipped, and capable of being employed to— “(1) deter, protect against, and rapidly respond to threats of maritime terrorism; “(2) enforce moving or fixed safety or security zones established pursuant to law; “(3) conduct high speed intercepts; “(4) board, search, and seize any article or thing on or at, respectively, a vessel or facility found to present a risk to the vessel or facility, or to a port; “(5) rapidly deploy to supplement United States armed forces domestically or overseas; “(6) respond to criminal or terrorist acts within a port so as to minimize, insofar as possible, the disruption caused by such acts; “(7) assist with facility vulnerability assessments required under this chapter; and “(8) carry out other security missions as are assigned to it by the Secretary. “(c) Coordination With Other Agencies.—To the maximum extent feasible, each maritime safety and security team shall coordinate its activities with other Federal, State, and local law enforcement and emergency response agencies. “§ 70107. Grants “(a) In General.—The Secretary of Transportation, acting through the Maritime Administrator, shall establish a grant program for making a fair and equitable allocation among port authorities, facility operators, and State and local agencies required to provide security services of funds to implement Area Maritime Transportation Security Plans and facility security plans. The program shall take into account national economic and strategic defense considerations. “(b) Eligible Costs.—The following costs of funding the correction of Coast Guard identified vulnerabilities in port security and ensuring compliance with Area Maritime Transportation Security Plans and facility security plans are eligible to be funded: “(1) Salary, benefits, overtime compensation, retirement contributions, and other costs of additional Coast Guard mandated security personnel. “(2) The cost of acquisition, operation, and maintenance of security equipment or facilities to be used for security monitoring and recording, security gates and fencing, marine barriers for designated security zones, security-related lighting systems, remote surveillance, concealed video systems, security vessels, and other security-related infrastructure or equipment that contributes to the overall security of passengers, cargo, or crewmembers. “(3) The cost of screening equipment, including equipment that detects weapons of mass destruction and conventional explosives, and of testing and evaluating such equipment, to certify secure systems of transportation. “(4) The cost of conducting vulnerability assessments to evaluate and make recommendations with respect to security. 116 STAT. 2076 “(c) Matching Requirements.— “(1) 75-percent federal funding.—Except as provided in paragraph (2), Federal funds for any eligible project under this section shall not exceed 75 percent of the total cost of such project. “(2) Exceptions.— “(A) Small projects.—There are no matching requirements for grants under subsection (a) for projects costing not more than $25,000. “(B) Higher level of support required.—If the Secretary of Transportation determines that a proposed project merits support and cannot be undertaken without a higher rate of Federal support, then the Secretary may approve grants under this section with a matching requirement other than that specified in paragraph (1). “(d) Coordination and Cooperation Agreements.—The Secretary of Transportation shall ensure that projects paid for, or the costs of which are reimbursed, under this section within any area or port are coordinated with other projects, and may require cooperative agreements among users of the port and port facilities with respect to projects funded under this section. “(e) Administration.— “(1) In general.—The program shall require eligible port authorities, facility operators, and State and local agencies required to provide security services, to submit an application, at such time, in such form, and containing such information and assurances as the Secretary of Transportation may require, and shall include appropriate application, review, and delivery mechanisms. “(2) Minimum standards for payment or reimbursement.—Each application for payment or reimbursement of eligible costs shall include, at a minimum, the following: “(A) A copy of the applicable Area Maritime Transportation Security Plan or facility security plan. “(B) A comprehensive description of the need for the project, and a statement of the project’s relationship to the applicable Area Maritime Transportation Security Plan or facility security plan. “(C) A determination by the Captain of the Port that the security project addresses or corrects Coast Guard identified vulnerabilities in security and ensures compliance with Area Maritime Transportation Security Plans and facility security plans. “(3) Procedural safeguards.—The Secretary of Transportation shall by regulation establish appropriate accounting, reporting, and review procedures to ensure that amounts paid or reimbursed under this section are used for the purposes for which they were made available, all expenditures are properly accounted for, and amounts not used for such purposes and amounts not obligated or expended are recovered. “(4) Project approval required.—The Secretary of Transportation may approve an application for the payment or reimbursement of costs under this section only if the Secretary of Transportation is satisfied that— “(A) the project is consistent with Coast Guard vulnerability assessments and ensures compliance with Area 116 STAT. 2077Maritime Transportation Security Plans and facility security plans; “(B) enough money is available to pay the project costs that will not be reimbursed by the United States Government under this section; “(C) the project will be completed without unreasonable delay; and “(D) the recipient has authority to carry out the project as proposed. “(f) Audits and Examinations.—A recipient of amounts made available under this section shall keep such records as the Secretary of Transportation may require, and make them available for review and audit by the Secretary of Transportation, the Comptroller General of the United States, or the Inspector General of the Department of Transportation. “(g) Reports on Security Funding and Compliance.— “(1) Initial report.—Within 6 months after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall transmit an unclassified report to the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation and the House of Representatives Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, that— “(A) includes a funding proposal and rationale to fund the correction of Coast Guard identified vulnerabilities in port security and to help ensure compliance with Area Maritime Transportation Security Plans and facility security plans for fiscal years 2003 through 2008; and “(B) includes projected funding proposals for fiscal years 2003 through 2008 for the following security programs: “(i) The Sea Marshall program. “(ii) The Automated Identification System and a system of polling vessels on entry into United States waters. “(iii) The maritime intelligence requirements in this Act. “(iv) The issuance of transportation security cards required by section 70105. “(v) The program of certifying secure systems of transportation. “(2) Other expenditures.—The Secretary of Transportation shall, as part of the report required by paragraph (1) report, in coordination with the Commissioner of Customs, on projected expenditures of screening and detection equipment and on cargo security programs over fiscal years 2003 through 2008. “(3) Annual reports.—Annually, beginning 1 year after transmittal of the report required by paragraph (1) until October 1, 2009, the Secretary of Transportation shall transmit an unclassified annual report to the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation and the House of Representatives Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, on progress in achieving compliance with the correction of Coast Guard identified vulnerabilities in port security and compliance with Area Maritime Transportation Security Plans and facility security plans that— 116 STAT. 2078 “(A) identifies any modifications necessary in funding to ensure the correction of Coast Guard identified vulnerabilities and ensure compliance with Area Maritime Transportation Security Plans and facility security plans; “(B) includes an assessment of progress in implementing the grant program established by subsection (a); “(C) includes any recommendations the Secretary may make to improve these programs; and “(D) with respect to a port selected by the Secretary of Transportation, describes progress and enhancements of applicable Area Maritime Transportation Security Plans and facility security plans and how the Maritime Transportation Security Act of 2002 has improved security at that port. “(h) Authorization of Appropriations.—There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of Transportation for each of fiscal years 2003 through 2008 such sums as are necessary to carry out subsections (a) through (g). “(i) Research and Development Grants for Port Security.— “(1) Authority.—The Secretary of Transportation is authorized to establish and administer a grant program for the support of research and development of technologies that can be used to secure the ports of the United States. The Secretary may award grants under the program to national laboratories, private nonprofit organizations, institutions of higher education, and other entities. The Secretary shall establish competitive procedures for awarding grants under the program and criteria for grant applications and eligibility. “(2) Use of funds.—Grants awarded pursuant to paragraph (1) shall be used to develop— “(A) methods to increase the ability of the Customs Service to inspect, or target for inspection, merchandise carried on any vessel that will arrive or has arrived at any port or place in the United States; “(B) equipment to accurately detect explosives, or chemical and biological agents, that could be used to commit terrorist acts against the United States; “(C) equipment to accurately detect nuclear materials, including scintillation-based detection equipment capable of attachment to spreaders to signal the presence of nuclear materials during the unloading of containers; “(D) improved tags and seals designed for use on shipping containers to track the transportation of the merchandise in such containers, including ‘smart sensors’ that are able to track a container throughout its entire supply chain, detect hazardous and radioactive materials within that container, and transmit such information to the appropriate authorities at a remote location; “(E) tools to mitigate the consequences of a terrorist act at a port of the United States, including a network of sensors to predict the dispersion of radiological, chemical, or biological agents that might be intentionally or accidentally released; or “(F) applications to apply existing technologies from other industries to increase overall port security. “(3) Administrative provisions.— 116 STAT. 2079 “(A) No duplication of effort.—Before making any grant, the Secretary of Transportation shall coordinate with other Federal agencies to ensure the grant will not be used for research and development that is already being conducted with Federal funding. “(B) Accounting.—The Secretary of Transportation shall by regulation establish accounting, reporting, and review procedures to ensure that funds made available under paragraph (1) are used for the purpose for which they were made available, that all expenditures are properly accounted for, and that amounts not used for such purposes and amounts not expended are recovered. “(C) Recordkeeping.—Recipients of grants shall keep all records related to expenditures and obligations of funds provided under paragraph (1) and make them available upon request to the Inspector General of the Department of Transportation and the Secretary of Transportation for audit and examination. “(D) Annual review and report.—The Inspector General of the Department of Transportation shall annually review the program established under paragraph (1) to ensure that the expenditures and obligations of funds are consistent with the purposes for which they are provided and report the findings to Congress. “(4) Authorization of appropriations.—There is authorized to be appropriated $15,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2003 through 2008 to carry out the provisions of this subsection. “§ 70108. Foreign port assessment “(a) In General.—The Secretary shall assess the effectiveness of the antiterrorism measures maintained at— “(1) a foreign port— “(A) served by vessels documented under chapter 121 of this title; or “(B) from which foreign vessels depart on a voyage to the United States; and “(2) any other foreign port the Secretary believes poses a security risk to international maritime commerce. “(b) Procedures.—In conducting an assessment under subsection (a), the Secretary shall assess the effectiveness of— “(1) screening of containerized and other cargo and baggage; “(2) security measures to restrict access to cargo, vessels, and dockside property to authorized personnel only; “(3) additional security on board vessels; “(4) licensing or certification of compliance with appropriate security standards; “(5) the security management program of the foreign port; and “(6) other appropriate measures to deter terrorism against the United States. “(c) Consultation.—In carrying out this section, the Secretary shall consult with— “(1) the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of State— “(A) on the terrorist threat that exists in each country involved; and 116 STAT. 2080 “(B) to identify foreign ports that pose a high risk of introducing terrorism to international maritime commerce; “(2) the Secretary of the Treasury; “(3) appropriate authorities of foreign governments; and “(4) operators of vessels. “§ 70109. Notifying foreign authorities “(a) In General.—If the Secretary, after conducting an assessment under section 70108, finds that a port in a foreign country does not maintain effective antiterrorism measures, the Secretary shall notify the appropriate authorities of the government of the foreign country of the finding and recommend the steps necessary to improve the antiterrorism measures in use at the port. “(b) Training Program.—The Secretary, in cooperation with the Secretary of State, shall operate a port security training program for ports in foreign countries that are found under section 70108 to lack effective antiterrorism measures. “§ 70110. Actions when foreign ports not maintaining effective antiterrorism measures “(a) In General.—If the Secretary finds that a foreign port does not maintain effective antiterrorism measures, the Secretary— “(1) may prescribe conditions of entry into the United States for any vessel arriving from that port, or any vessel carrying cargo or passengers originating from or transshipped through that port; “(2) may deny entry into the United States to any vessel that does not meet such conditions; and “(3) shall provide public notice for passengers of the ineffective antiterrorism measures. “(b) Effective Date for Sanctions.—Any action taken by the Secretary under subsection (a) for a particular port shall take effect— “(1) 90 days after the government of the foreign country with jurisdiction over or control of that port is notified under section 70109 unless the Secretary finds that the government has brought the antiterrorism measures at the port up to the security level the Secretary used in making an assessment under section 70108 before the end of that 90-day period; or “(2) immediately upon the finding of the Secretary under subsection (a) if the Secretary finds, after consulting with the Secretary of State, that a condition exists that threatens the safety or security of passengers, vessels, or crew traveling to or from the port. “(c) State Department To Be Notified.—The Secretary immediately shall notify the Secretary of State of a finding that a port does not maintain effective antiterrorism measures. “(d) Action Canceled.—An action required under this section is no longer required if the Secretary decides that effective antiterrorism measures are maintained at the port. “§ 70111. Enhanced crewmember identification “(a) Requirement.—The Secretary, in consultation with the Attorney General and the Secretary of State, shall require crewmembers on vessels calling at United States ports to carry and 116 STAT. 2081present on demand any identification that the Secretary decides is necessary. “(b) Forms and Process.—The Secretary, in consultation with the Attorney General and the Secretary of State, shall establish the proper forms and process that shall be used for identification and verification of crewmembers. “§ 70112. Maritime Security Advisory Committees “(a) Establishment of Committees.—(1) The Secretary shall establish a National Maritime Security Advisory Committee. The Committee— “(A) may advise, consult with, report to, and make recommendations to the Secretary on matters relating to national maritime security matters; “(B) may make available to the Congress recommendations that the Committee makes to the Secretary; and “(C) shall meet at the call of— “(i) the Secretary, who shall call such a meeting at least once during each calendar year; or “(ii) a majority of the Committee. “(2)(A) The Secretary may— “(i) establish an Area Maritime Security Advisory Committee for any port area of the United States; and “(ii) request such a committee to review the proposed Area Maritime Transportation Security Plan developed under section 70103(b) and make recommendations to the Secretary that the Committee considers appropriate. “(B) A committee established under this paragraph for an area— “(i) may advise, consult with, report to, and make recommendations to the Secretary on matters relating to maritime security in that area; “(ii) may make available to the Congress recommendations that the committee makes to the Secretary; and “(iii) shall meet at the call of— “(I) the Secretary, who shall call such a meeting at least once during each calendar year; or “(II) a majority of the committee. “(b) Membership.—(1) Each of the committees established under subsection (a) shall consist of not less than 7 members appointed by the Secretary, each of whom has at least 5 years practical experience in maritime security operations. “(2) The term of each member shall be for a period of not more than 5 years, specified by the Secretary. “(3) Before appointing an individual to a position on such a committee, the Secretary shall publish a notice in the Federal Register soliciting nominations for membership on the committee. “(4) The Secretary may require an individual to have passed an appropriate security background examination before appointment to the Committee. “(c) Chairperson and Vice Chairperson.—(1) Each committee established under subsection (a) shall elect 1 of its members as the Chairman and 1 of its members as the Vice Chairperson. “(2) The Vice Chairman shall act as Chairman in the absence or incapacity of the Chairman, or in the event of a vacancy in the office of the Chairman. 116 STAT. 2082 “(d) Observers.—(1) The Secretary shall, and the head of any other interested Federal agency may, designate a representative to participate as an observer with the Committee. “(2) The Secretary’s designated representative shall act as the executive secretary of the Committee and shall perform the duties set forth in section 10(c) of the Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.). “(e) Consideration of Views.—The Secretary shall consider the information, advice, and recommendations of the Committee in formulating policy regarding matters affecting maritime security. “(f) Compensation and Expenses.—(1) A member of a committee established under this section, when attending meetings of the committee or when otherwise engaged in the business of the committee, is entitled to receive— “(A) compensation at a rate fixed by the Secretary, not exceeding the daily equivalent of the current rate of basic pay in effect for GS-15 of the General Schedule under section 5332 of title 5 including travel time; and “(B) travel or transportation expenses under section 5703 of title 5. “(2) A member of such a committee shall not be considered to be an officer or employee of the United States for any purpose based on their receipt of any payment under this subsection. “(g) FACA; Termination.—(1) The Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.)— “(A) applies to the National Maritime Security Advisory Committee established under this section, except that such committee terminates on September 30, 2008; and “(B) does not apply to Area Maritime Security Advisory Committees established under this section. “(2) Not later than September 30, 2006, each committee established under this section shall submit to the Congress its recommendation regarding whether the committee should be renewed and continued beyond the termination date. “§ 70113. Maritime intelligence “(a) In General.—The Secretary shall implement a system to collect, integrate, and analyze information concerning vessels operating on or bound for waters subject to the jurisdiction of the United States, including information related to crew, passengers, cargo, and intermodal shipments. “(b) Consultation.—In developing the information system under subsection (a), the Secretary shall consult with the Transportation Security Oversight Board and other departments and agencies, as appropriate. “(c) Information Integration.—To deter a transportation security incident, the Secretary may collect information from public and private entities to the extent that the information is not provided by other Federal departments and agencies. “§ 70114. Automatic identification systems “(a) System Requirements.—(1) Subject to paragraph (2), the following vessels, while operating on the navigable waters of the United States, shall be equipped with and operate an automatic identification system under regulations prescribed by the Secretary: “(A) A self-propelled commercial vessel of at least 65 feet overall in length. 116 STAT. 2083 “(B) A vessel carrying more than a number of passengers for hire determined by the Secretary. “(C) A towing vessel of more than 26 feet overall in length and 600 horsepower. “(D) Any other vessel for which the Secretary decides that an automatic identification system is necessary for the safe navigation of the vessel. “(2) The Secretary may— “(A) exempt a vessel from paragraph (1) if the Secretary finds that an automatic identification system is not necessary for the safe navigation of the vessel on the waters on which the vessel operates; and “(B) waive the application of paragraph (1) with respect to operation of vessels on navigable waters of the United States specified by the Secretary if the Secretary finds that automatic identification systems are not needed for safe navigation on those waters. “(b) Regulations.—The Secretary shall prescribe regulations implementing subsection (a), including requirements for the operation and maintenance of the automatic identification systems required under subsection (a). “§ 70115. Long-range vessel tracking system “The Secretary may develop and implement a long-range automated vessel tracking system for all vessels in United States waters that are equipped with the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System or equivalent satellite technology. The system shall be designed to provide the Secretary the capability of receiving information on vessel positions at interval positions appropriate to deter transportation security incidents. The Secretary may use existing maritime organizations to collect and monitor tracking information under the system. “§ 70116. Secure systems of transportation “(a) In General.—The Secretary, in consultation with the Transportation Security Oversight Board, shall establish a program to evaluate and certify secure systems of international intermodal transportation. “(b) Elements of Program.—The program shall include— “(1) establishing standards and procedures for screening and evaluating cargo prior to loading in a foreign port for shipment to the United States either directly or via a foreign port; “(2) establishing standards and procedures for securing cargo and monitoring that security while in transit; “(3) developing performance standards to enhance the physical security of shipping containers, including standards for seals and locks; “(4) establishing standards and procedures for allowing the United States Government to ensure and validate compliance with this program; and “(5) any other measures the Secretary considers necessary to ensure the security and integrity of international intermodal transport movements. 116 STAT. 2084 “§ 70117. Civil penalty “Any person that violates this chapter or any regulation under this chapter shall be liable to the United States for a civil penalty of not more than $25,000 for each violation.”. (b) Conforming Amendment.—The table of subtitles at the beginning of title 46, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following: “VI. MISCELLANEOUS 70101”. (c) Deadline.—The Secretary shall establish the plans required under section 70104(a)(1) of title 46, United States Code, as enacted by this Act, before April 1, 2003. (d) Rulemaking Requirements.— (1) Interim final rule authority.—The Secretary shall issue an interim final rule as a temporary regulation implementing this section (including the amendments made by this section) as soon as practicable after the date of enactment of this section, without regard to the provisions of chapter 5 of title 5, United States Code. All regulations prescribed under the authority of this subsection that are not earlier superseded by final regulations shall expire not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act. (2) Initiation of rulemaking—The Secretary may initiate a rulemaking to implement this section (including the amendments made by this section) as soon as practicable after the date of enactment of this section. The final rule issued pursuant to that rulemaking may supersede the interim final rule promulgated under this subsection. (e) Phase-In of Automatic Identification System.— (1) Schedule.—Section 70114 of title 46, United States Code, as enacted by this Act, shall apply as follows: (A) On and after January 1, 2003, to any vessel built after that date. (B) On and after July 1, 2003, to any vessel built before the date referred to in subparagraph (A) that is— (i) a passenger vessel required to carry a certificate under the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974 (SOLAS); (ii) a tanker; or (iii) a towing vessel engaged in moving a tank vessel. (C) On and after December 31, 2004, to all other vessels built before the date referred to in subparagraph (A). (2) Definition.—The terms in this subsection have the same meaning as those terms have under section 2101 of title 46, United States Code.