RECOVERY OF OVERPAYMENTS.

SEC. 935. RECOVERY OF OVERPAYMENTS.(a) In General.—Section 1893 (42 U.S.C. 1395ddd) is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:“(f) Recovery of Overpayments.—“(1) Use of repayment plans.—“(A) In general.—If the repayment, within 30 days by a provider of services or supplier, of an overpayment under this title would constitute a hardship (as described in subparagraph (B)), subject to subparagraph (C), upon request of the provider of services or supplier the Secretary shall enter into a plan with the provider of services or supplier for the repayment (through offset or otherwise) of such overpayment over a period of at least 6 months but not longer than 3 years (or not longer than 5 years in the case of extreme hardship, as determined by the Secretary). Interest shall accrue on the balance through 117 STAT. 2408 the period of repayment. Such plan shall meet terms and conditions determined to be appropriate by the Secretary.“(B) Hardship.—“(i) In general.—For purposes of subparagraph (A), the repayment of an overpayment (or overpayments) within 30 days is deemed to constitute a hardship if—“(I) in the case of a provider of services that files cost reports, the aggregate amount of the overpayments exceeds 10 percent of the amount paid under this title to the provider of services for the cost reporting period covered by the most recently submitted cost report; or“(II) in the case of another provider of services or supplier, the aggregate amount of the overpayments exceeds 10 percent of the amount paid under this title to the provider of services or supplier for the previous calendar year.“(ii) Rule of application.—The Secretary shall establish rules for the application of this subparagraph in the case of a provider of services or supplier that was not paid under this title during the previous year or was paid under this title only during a portion of that year. “(iii) Treatment of previous overpayments.—If a provider of services or supplier has entered into a repayment plan under subparagraph (A) with respect to a specific overpayment amount, such payment amount under the repayment plan shall not be taken into account under clause (i) with respect to subsequent overpayment amounts.“(C) Exceptions.—Subparagraph (A) shall not apply if—“(i) the Secretary has reason to suspect that the provider of services or supplier may file for bankruptcy or otherwise cease to do business or discontinue participation in the program under this title; or“(ii) there is an indication of fraud or abuse committed against the program.“(D) Immediate collection if violation of repayment plan.—If a provider of services or supplier fails to make a payment in accordance with a repayment plan under this paragraph, the Secretary may immediately seek to offset or otherwise recover the total balance outstanding (including applicable interest) under the repayment plan.“(E) Relation to no fault provision.—Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed as affecting the application of section 1870(c) (relating to no adjustment in the cases of certain overpayments).“(2) Limitation on recoupment.—“(A) In general.—In the case of a provider of services or supplier that is determined to have received an overpayment under this title and that seeks a reconsideration by a qualified independent contractor on such determination under section 1869(b)(1), the Secretary may not take any action (or authorize any other person, including any medicare contractor, as defined in subparagraph (C)) to 117 STAT. 2409 recoup the overpayment until the date the decision on the reconsideration has been rendered. If the provisions of section 1869(b)(1) (providing for such a reconsideration by a qualified independent contractor) are not in effect, in applying the previous sentence any reference to such a reconsideration shall be treated as a reference to a redetermination by the fiscal intermediary or carrier involved.“(B) Collection with interest.—Insofar as the determination on such appeal is against the provider of services or supplier, interest on the overpayment shall accrue on and after the date of the original notice of overpayment. Insofar as such determination against the provider of services or supplier is later reversed, the Secretary shall provide for repayment of the amount recouped plus interest at the same rate as would apply under the previous sentence for the period in which the amount was recouped.“(C) Medicare contractor defined.—For purposes of this subsection, the term ‘medicare contractor’ has the meaning given such term in section 1889(g).“(3) Limitation on use of extrapolation.—A medicare contractor may not use extrapolation to determine overpayment amounts to be recovered by recoupment, offset, or otherwise unless the Secretary determines that—“(A) there is a sustained or high level of payment error; or“(B) documented educational intervention has failed to correct the payment error.There shall be no administrative or judicial review under section 1869, section 1878, or otherwise, of determinations by the Secretary of sustained or high levels of payment errors under this paragraph.“(4) Provision of supporting documentation.—In the case of a provider of services or supplier with respect to which amounts were previously overpaid, a medicare contractor may request the periodic production of records or supporting documentation for a limited sample of submitted claims to ensure that the previous practice is not continuing.“(5) Consent settlement reforms.—“(A) In general.—The Secretary may use a consent settlement (as defined in subparagraph (D)) to settle a projected overpayment.“(B) Opportunity to submit additional information before consent settlement offer.—Before offering a provider of services or supplier a consent settlement, the Secretary shall—“(i) communicate to the provider of services or supplier—“(I) that, based on a review of the medical records requested by the Secretary, a preliminary evaluation of those records indicates that there would be an overpayment; “(II) the nature of the problems identified in such evaluation; and“(III) the steps that the provider of services or supplier should take to address the problems; and117 STAT. 2410“(ii) provide for a 45-day period during which the provider of services or supplier may furnish additional information concerning the medical records for the claims that had been reviewed.“(C) Consent settlement offer.—The Secretary shall review any additional information furnished by the provider of services or supplier under subparagraph (B)(ii). Taking into consideration such information, the Secretary shall determine if there still appears to be an overpayment. If so, the Secretary—“(i) shall provide notice of such determination to the provider of services or supplier, including an explanation of the reason for such determination; and“(ii) in order to resolve the overpayment, may offer the provider of services or supplier—“(I) the opportunity for a statistically valid random sample; or“(II) a consent settlement.The opportunity provided under clause (ii)(I) does not waive any appeal rights with respect to the alleged overpayment involved.“(D) Consent settlement defined.—For purposes of this paragraph, the term ‘consent settlement’ means an agreement between the Secretary and a provider of services or supplier whereby both parties agree to settle a projected overpayment based on less than a statistically valid sample of claims and the provider of services or supplier agrees not to appeal the claims involved.“(6) Notice of over-utilization of codes.—The Secretary shall establish, in consultation with organizations representing the classes of providers of services and suppliers, a process under which the Secretary provides for notice to classes of providers of services and suppliers served by the contractor in cases in which the contractor has identified that particular billing codes may be overutilized by that class of providers of services or suppliers under the programs under this title (or provisions of title XI insofar as they relate to such programs).“(7) Payment audits.—“(A) Written notice for post-payment audits.—Subject to subparagraph (C), if a medicare contractor decides to conduct a post-payment audit of a provider of services or supplier under this title, the contractor shall provide the provider of services or supplier with written notice (which may be in electronic form) of the intent to conduct such an audit.“(B) Explanation of findings for all audits.—Subject to subparagraph (C), if a medicare contractor audits a provider of services or supplier under this title, the contractor shall—“(i) give the provider of services or supplier a full review and explanation of the findings of the audit in a manner that is understandable to the provider of services or supplier and permits the development of an appropriate corrective action plan;“(ii) inform the provider of services or supplier of the appeal rights under this title as well as consent 117 STAT. 2411 settlement options (which are at the discretion of the Secretary);“(iii) give the provider of services or supplier an opportunity to provide additional information to the contractor; and“(iv) take into account information provided, on a timely basis, by the provider of services or supplier under clause (iii).“(C) Exception.—Subparagraphs (A) and (B) shall not apply if the provision of notice or findings would compromise pending law enforcement activities, whether civil or criminal, or reveal findings of law enforcement-related audits.“(8) Standard methodology for probe sampling.—The Secretary shall establish a standard methodology for medicare contractors to use in selecting a sample of claims for review in the case of an abnormal billing pattern.”.(b) Effective Dates and Deadlines.—(1) Use of repayment plans.—Section 1893(f)(1) of the Social Security Act, as added by subsection (a), shall apply to requests for repayment plans made after the date of the enactment of this Act.(2) Limitation on recoupment.—Section 1893(f)(2) of the Social Security Act, as added by subsection (a), shall apply to actions taken after the date of the enactment of this Act.(3) Use of extrapolation.—Section 1893(f)(3) of the Social Security Act, as added by subsection (a), shall apply to statistically valid random samples initiated after the date that is 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act.(4) Provision of supporting documentation.—Section 1893(f)(4) of the Social Security Act, as added by subsection (a), shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act.(5) Consent settlement.—Section 1893(f)(5) of the Social Security Act, as added by subsection (a), shall apply to consent settlements entered into after the date of the enactment of this Act.(6) Notice of overutilization.—Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall first establish the process for notice of overutilization of billing codes under section 1893A(f)(6) of the Social Security Act, as added by subsection (a).(7) Payment audits.—Section 1893A(f)(7) of the Social Security Act, as added by subsection (a), shall apply to audits initiated after the date of the enactment of this Act.(8) Standard for abnormal billing patterns.—Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall first establish a standard methodology for selection of sample claims for abnormal billing patterns under section 1893(f)(8) of the Social Security Act, as added by subsection (a).