DISMISSAL OR CONVERSION.

SEC. 102. DISMISSAL OR CONVERSION.(a) In General.—Section 707 of title 11, United States Code, is amended—(1) by striking the section heading and inserting the following:“§ 707. Dismissal of a case or conversion to a case under chapter 11 or 13” ;and(2) in subsection (b)—(A) by inserting “(1)” after “(b)”; (B) in paragraph (1), as so redesignated by subparagraph (A) of this paragraph—(i) in the first sentence—(I) by striking “but not at the request or suggestion of” and inserting “trustee (or bankruptcy administrator, if any), or”; (II) by inserting “, or, with the debtor’s consent, convert such a case to a case under chapter 11 or 13 of this title,” after “consumer debts”; and(III) by striking “a substantial abuse” and inserting “an abuse”; and(ii) by striking the next to last sentence; and (C) by adding at the end the following:“(2)(A)(i) In considering under paragraph (1) whether the granting of relief would be an abuse of the provisions of this chapter, the court shall presume abuse exists if the debtor’s current monthly income reduced by the amounts determined under clauses (ii), (iii), and (iv), and multiplied by 60 is not less than the lesser of—“(I) 25 percent of the debtor’s nonpriority unsecured claims in the case, or $6,000, whichever is greater; or“(II) $10,000.“(ii)(I) The debtor’s monthly expenses shall be the debtor’s applicable monthly expense amounts specified under the National Standards and Local Standards, and the debtor’s actual monthly expenses for the categories specified as Other Necessary Expenses issued by the Internal Revenue Service for the area in which 119 STAT. 28 the debtor resides, as in effect on the date of the order for relief, for the debtor, the dependents of the debtor, and the spouse of the debtor in a joint case, if the spouse is not otherwise a dependent. Such expenses shall include reasonably necessary health insurance, disability insurance, and health savings account expenses for the debtor, the spouse of the debtor, or the dependents of the debtor. Notwithstanding any other provision of this clause, the monthly expenses of the debtor shall not include any payments for debts. In addition, the debtor’s monthly expenses shall include the debtor’s reasonably necessary expenses incurred to maintain the safety of the debtor and the family of the debtor from family violence as identified under section 309 of the Family Violence Prevention and Services Act, or other applicable Federal law. The expenses included in the debtor’s monthly expenses described in the preceding sentence shall be kept confidential by the court. In addition, if it is demonstrated that it is reasonable and necessary, the debtor’s monthly expenses may also include an additional allowance for food and clothing of up to 5 percent of the food and clothing categories as specified by the National Standards issued by the Internal Revenue Service.“(II) In addition, the debtor’s monthly expenses may include, if applicable, the continuation of actual expenses paid by the debtor that are reasonable and necessary for care and support of an elderly, chronically ill, or disabled household member or member of the debtor’s immediate family (including parents, grandparents, siblings, children, and grandchildren of the debtor, the dependents of the debtor, and the spouse of the debtor in a joint case who is not a dependent) and who is unable to pay for such reasonable and necessary expenses.“(III) In addition, for a debtor eligible for chapter 13, the debtor’s monthly expenses may include the actual administrative expenses of administering a chapter 13 plan for the district in which the debtor resides, up to an amount of 10 percent of the projected plan payments, as determined under schedules issued by the Executive Office for United States Trustees. “(IV) In addition, the debtor’s monthly expenses may include the actual expenses for each dependent child less than 18 years of age, not to exceed $1,500 per year per child, to attend a private or public elementary or secondary school if the debtor provides documentation of such expenses and a detailed explanation of why such expenses are reasonable and necessary, and why such expenses are not already accounted for in the National Standards, Local Standards, or Other Necessary Expenses referred to in subclause (I).“(V) In addition, the debtor’s monthly expenses may include an allowance for housing and utilities, in excess of the allowance specified by the Local Standards for housing and utilities issued by the Internal Revenue Service, based on the actual expenses for home energy costs if the debtor provides documentation of such actual expenses and demonstrates that such actual expenses are reasonable and necessary.“(iii) The debtor’s average monthly payments on account of secured debts shall be calculated as the sum of—“(I) the total of all amounts scheduled as contractually due to secured creditors in each month of the 60 months following the date of the petition; and119 STAT. 29“(II) any additional payments to secured creditors necessary for the debtor, in filing a plan under chapter 13 of this title, to maintain possession of the debtor’s primary residence, motor vehicle, or other property necessary for the support of the debtor and the debtor’s dependents, that serves as collateral for secured debts;divided by 60.“(iv) The debtor’s expenses for payment of all priority claims (including priority child support and alimony claims) shall be calculated as the total amount of debts entitled to priority, divided by 60.“(B)(i) In any proceeding brought under this subsection, the presumption of abuse may only be rebutted by demonstrating special circumstances, such as a serious medical condition or a call or order to active duty in the Armed Forces, to the extent such special circumstances that justify additional expenses or adjustments of current monthly income for which there is no reasonable alternative. “(ii) In order to establish special circumstances, the debtor shall be required to itemize each additional expense or adjustment of income and to provide—“(I) documentation for such expense or adjustment to income; and“(II) a detailed explanation of the special circumstances that make such expenses or adjustment to income necessary and reasonable.“(iii) The debtor shall attest under oath to the accuracy of any information provided to demonstrate that additional expenses or adjustments to income are required.“(iv) The presumption of abuse may only be rebutted if the additional expenses or adjustments to income referred to in clause (i) cause the product of the debtor’s current monthly income reduced by the amounts determined under clauses (ii), (iii), and (iv) of subparagraph (A) when multiplied by 60 to be less than the lesser of—“(I) 25 percent of the debtor’s nonpriority unsecured claims, or $6,000, whichever is greater; or“(II) $10,000.“(C) As part of the schedule of current income and expenditures required under section 521, the debtor shall include a statement of the debtor’s current monthly income, and the calculations that determine whether a presumption arises under subparagraph (A)(i), that show how each such amount is calculated. “(D) Subparagraphs (A) through (C) shall not apply, and the court may not dismiss or convert a case based on any form of means testing, if the debtor is a disabled veteran (as defined in section 3741(1) of title 38), and the indebtedness occurred primarily during a period during which he or she was—“(i) on active duty (as defined in section 101(d)(1) of title 10); or “(ii) performing a homeland defense activity (as defined in section 901(1) of title 32). “(3) In considering under paragraph (1) whether the granting of relief would be an abuse of the provisions of this chapter in a case in which the presumption in subparagraph (A)(i) of such paragraph does not arise or is rebutted, the court shall consider—119 STAT. 30“(A) whether the debtor filed the petition in bad faith; or“(B) the totality of the circumstances (including whether the debtor seeks to reject a personal services contract and the financial need for such rejection as sought by the debtor) of the debtor’s financial situation demonstrates abuse.“(4)(A) The court, on its own initiative or on the motion of a party in interest, in accordance with the procedures described in rule 9011 of the Federal Rules of Bankruptcy Procedure, may order the attorney for the debtor to reimburse the trustee for all reasonable costs in prosecuting a motion filed under section 707(b), including reasonable attorneys’ fees, if—“(i) a trustee files a motion for dismissal or conversion under this subsection; and“(ii) the court—“(I) grants such motion; and“(II) finds that the action of the attorney for the debtor in filing a case under this chapter violated rule 9011 of the Federal Rules of Bankruptcy Procedure.“(B) If the court finds that the attorney for the debtor violated rule 9011 of the Federal Rules of Bankruptcy Procedure, the court, on its own initiative or on the motion of a party in interest, in accordance with such procedures, may order—“(i) the assessment of an appropriate civil penalty against the attorney for the debtor; and“(ii) the payment of such civil penalty to the trustee, the United States trustee (or the bankruptcy administrator, if any).“(C) The signature of an attorney on a petition, pleading, or written motion shall constitute a certification that the attorney has—“(i) performed a reasonable investigation into the circumstances that gave rise to the petition, pleading, or written motion; and“(ii) determined that the petition, pleading, or written motion—“(I) is well grounded in fact; and“(II) is warranted by existing law or a good faith argument for the extension, modification, or reversal of existing law and does not constitute an abuse under paragraph (1).“(D) The signature of an attorney on the petition shall constitute a certification that the attorney has no knowledge after an inquiry that the information in the schedules filed with such petition is incorrect.“(5)(A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B) and subject to paragraph (6), the court, on its own initiative or on the motion of a party in interest, in accordance with the procedures described in rule 9011 of the Federal Rules of Bankruptcy Procedure, may award a debtor all reasonable costs (including reasonable attorneys’ fees) in contesting a motion filed by a party in interest (other than a trustee or United States trustee (or bankruptcy administrator, if any)) under this subsection if—“(i) the court does not grant the motion; and“(ii) the court finds that—“(I) the position of the party that filed the motion violated rule 9011 of the Federal Rules of Bankruptcy Procedure; or119 STAT. 31“(II) the attorney (if any) who filed the motion did not comply with the requirements of clauses (i) and (ii) of paragraph (4)(C), and the motion was made solely for the purpose of coercing a debtor into waiving a right guaranteed to the debtor under this title.“(B) A small business that has a claim of an aggregate amount less than $1,000 shall not be subject to subparagraph (A)(ii)(I).“(C) For purposes of this paragraph—“(i) the term ‘small business’ means an unincorporated business, partnership, corporation, association, or organization that—“(I) has fewer than 25 full-time employees as determined on the date on which the motion is filed; and “(II) is engaged in commercial or business activity; and“(ii) the number of employees of a wholly owned subsidiary of a corporation includes the employees of—“(I) a parent corporation; and“(II) any other subsidiary corporation of the parent corporation.“(6) Only the judge or United States trustee (or bankruptcy administrator, if any) may file a motion under section 707(b), if the current monthly income of the debtor, or in a joint case, the debtor and the debtor’s spouse, as of the date of the order for relief, when multiplied by 12, is equal to or less than—“(A) in the case of a debtor in a household of 1 person, the median family income of the applicable State for 1 earner;“(B) in the case of a debtor in a household of 2, 3, or 4 individuals, the highest median family income of the applicable State for a family of the same number or fewer individuals; or“(C) in the case of a debtor in a household exceeding 4 individuals, the highest median family income of the applicable State for a family of 4 or fewer individuals, plus $525 per month for each individual in excess of 4.“(7)(A) No judge, United States trustee (or bankruptcy administrator, if any), trustee, or other party in interest may file a motion under paragraph (2) if the current monthly income of the debtor, including a veteran (as that term is defined in section 101 of title 38), and the debtor’s spouse combined, as of the date of the order for relief when multiplied by 12, is equal to or less than—“(i) in the case of a debtor in a household of 1 person, the median family income of the applicable State for 1 earner;“(ii) in the case of a debtor in a household of 2, 3, or 4 individuals, the highest median family income of the applicable State for a family of the same number or fewer individuals; or“(iii) in the case of a debtor in a household exceeding 4 individuals, the highest median family income of the applicable State for a family of 4 or fewer individuals, plus $525 per month for each individual in excess of 4.“(B) In a case that is not a joint case, current monthly income of the debtor’s spouse shall not be considered for purposes of subparagraph (A) if—“(i)(I) the debtor and the debtor’s spouse are separated under applicable nonbankruptcy law; or119 STAT. 32“(II) the debtor and the debtor’s spouse are living separate and apart, other than for the purpose of evading subparagraph (A); and“(ii) the debtor files a statement under penalty of perjury—“(I) specifying that the debtor meets the requirement of subclause (I) or (II) of clause (i); and“(II) disclosing the aggregate, or best estimate of the aggregate, amount of any cash or money payments received from the debtor’s spouse attributed to the debtor’s current monthly income.”.(b) Definition.—Section 101 of title 11, United States Code, is amended by inserting after paragraph (10) the following:“(10A) ‘current monthly income’—“(A) means the average monthly income from all sources that the debtor receives (or in a joint case the debtor and the debtor’s spouse receive) without regard to whether such income is taxable income, derived during the 6-month period ending on—“(i) the last day of the calendar month immediately preceding the date of the commencement of the case if the debtor files the schedule of current income required by section 521(a)(1)(B)(ii); or“(ii) the date on which current income is determined by the court for purposes of this title if the debtor does not file the schedule of current income required by section 521(a)(1)(B)(ii); and “(B) includes any amount paid by any entity other than the debtor (or in a joint case the debtor and the debtor’s spouse), on a regular basis for the household expenses of the debtor or the debtor’s dependents (and in a joint case the debtor’s spouse if not otherwise a dependent), but excludes benefits received under the Social Security Act, payments to victims of war crimes or crimes against humanity on account of their status as victims of such crimes, and payments to victims of international terrorism (as defined in section 2331 of title 18) or domestic terrorism (as defined in section 2331 of title 18) on account of their status as victims of such terrorism;”.(c) United States Trustee and Bankruptcy Administrator Duties.—Section 704 of title 11, United States Code, is amended—(1) by inserting “(a)” before “The trustee shall—”; and(2) by adding at the end the following:“(b)(1) With respect to a debtor who is an individual in a case under this chapter—“(A) the United States trustee (or the bankruptcy administrator, if any) shall review all materials filed by the debtor and, not later than 10 days after the date of the first meeting of creditors, file with the court a statement as to whether the debtor’s case would be presumed to be an abuse under section 707(b); and“(B) not later than 5 days after receiving a statement under subparagraph (A), the court shall provide a copy of the statement to all creditors. “(2) The United States trustee (or bankruptcy administrator, if any) shall, not later than 30 days after the date of filing a statement under paragraph (1), either file a motion to dismiss or convert under section 707(b) or file a statement setting forth 119 STAT. 33 the reasons the United States trustee (or the bankruptcy administrator, if any) does not consider such a motion to be appropriate, if the United States trustee (or the bankruptcy administrator, if any) determines that the debtor’s case should be presumed to be an abuse under section 707(b) and the product of the debtor’s current monthly income, multiplied by 12 is not less than—“(A) in the case of a debtor in a household of 1 person, the median family income of the applicable State for 1 earner; or“(B) in the case of a debtor in a household of 2 or more individuals, the highest median family income of the applicable State for a family of the same number or fewer individuals.”.(d) Notice.—Section 342 of title 11, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:“(d) In a case under chapter 7 of this title in which the debtor is an individual and in which the presumption of abuse arises under section 707(b), the clerk shall give written notice to all creditors not later than 10 days after the date of the filing of the petition that the presumption of abuse has arisen.”.(e) Nonlimitation of Information.—Nothing in this title shall limit the ability of a creditor to provide information to a judge (except for information communicated ex parte, unless otherwise permitted by applicable law), United States trustee (or bankruptcy administrator, if any), or trustee.(f) Dismissal for Certain Crimes.—Section 707 of title 11, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:“(c)(1) In this subsection—“(A) the term ‘crime of violence’ has the meaning given such term in section 16 of title 18; and“(B) the term ‘drug trafficking crime’ has the meaning given such term in section 924(c)(2) of title 18.“(2) Except as provided in paragraph (3), after notice and a hearing, the court, on a motion by the victim of a crime of violence or a drug trafficking crime, may when it is in the best interest of the victim dismiss a voluntary case filed under this chapter by a debtor who is an individual if such individual was convicted of such crime.“(3) The court may not dismiss a case under paragraph (2) if the debtor establishes by a preponderance of the evidence that the filing of a case under this chapter is necessary to satisfy a claim for a domestic support obligation.”.(g) Confirmation of Plan.—Section 1325(a) of title 11, United States Code, is amended—(1) in paragraph (5), by striking “and” at the end;(2) in paragraph (6), by striking the period and inserting a semicolon; and(3) by inserting after paragraph (6) the following:“(7) the action of the debtor in filing the petition was in good faith;”.(h) Applicability of Means Test to Chapter 13.—Section 1325(b) of title 11, United States Code, is amended—(1) in paragraph (1)(B), by inserting “to unsecured creditors” after “to make payments”; and(2) by striking paragraph (2) and inserting the following:“(2) For purposes of this subsection, the term ‘disposable income’ means current monthly income received by the debtor (other than child support payments, foster care payments, or 119 STAT. 34 disability payments for a dependent child made in accordance with applicable nonbankruptcy law to the extent reasonably necessary to be expended for such child) less amounts reasonably necessary to be expended—“(A)(i) for the maintenance or support of the debtor or a dependent of the debtor, or for a domestic support obligation, that first becomes payable after the date the petition is filed; and“(ii) for charitable contributions (that meet the definition of ‘charitable contribution’ under section 548(d)(3) to a qualified religious or charitable entity or organization (as defined in section 548(d)(4)) in an amount not to exceed 15 percent of gross income of the debtor for the year in which the contributions are made; and“(B) if the debtor is engaged in business, for the payment of expenditures necessary for the continuation, preservation, and operation of such business.“(3) Amounts reasonably necessary to be expended under paragraph (2) shall be determined in accordance with subparagraphs (A) and (B) of section 707(b)(2), if the debtor has current monthly income, when multiplied by 12, greater than—“(A) in the case of a debtor in a household of 1 person, the median family income of the applicable State for 1 earner;“(B) in the case of a debtor in a household of 2, 3, or 4 individuals, the highest median family income of the applicable State for a family of the same number or fewer individuals; or“(C) in the case of a debtor in a household exceeding 4 individuals, the highest median family income of the applicable State for a family of 4 or fewer individuals, plus $525 per month for each individual in excess of 4.”.(i) Special Allowance for Health Insurance.—Section 1329(a) of title 11, United States Code, is amended—(1) in paragraph (2) by striking “or” at the end;(2) in paragraph (3) by striking the period at the end and inserting “; or”; and(3) by adding at the end the following:“(4) reduce amounts to be paid under the plan by the actual amount expended by the debtor to purchase health insurance for the debtor (and for any dependent of the debtor if such dependent does not otherwise have health insurance coverage) if the debtor documents the cost of such insurance and demonstrates that—“(A) such expenses are reasonable and necessary;“(B)(i) if the debtor previously paid for health insurance, the amount is not materially larger than the cost the debtor previously paid or the cost necessary to maintain the lapsed policy; or “(ii) if the debtor did not have health insurance, the amount is not materially larger than the reasonable cost that would be incurred by a debtor who purchases health insurance, who has similar income, expenses, age, and health status, and who lives in the same geographical location with the same number of dependents who do not otherwise have health insurance coverage; and119 STAT. 35“(C) the amount is not otherwise allowed for purposes of determining disposable income under section 1325(b) of this title;and upon request of any party in interest, files proof that a health insurance policy was purchased.”.(j) Adjustment of Dollar Amounts.—Section 104(b) of title 11, United States Code, is amended by striking “and 523(a)(2)(C)” each place it appears and inserting “523(a)(2)(C), 707(b), and 1325(b)(3)”.(k) Definition of ‘Median Family Income’.—Section 101 of title 11, United States Code, is amended by inserting after paragraph (39) the following:“(39A) ‘median family income’ means for any year—“(A) the median family income both calculated and reported by the Bureau of the Census in the then most recent year; and“(B) if not so calculated and reported in the then current year, adjusted annually after such most recent year until the next year in which median family income is both calculated and reported by the Bureau of the Census, to reflect the percentage change in the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers during the period of years occurring after such most recent year and before such current year;”.(k) Clerical Amendment.—The table of sections for chapter 7 of title 11, United States Code, is amended by striking the item relating to section 707 and inserting the following: “707. Dismissal of a case or conversion to a case under chapter 11 or 13.”.