RESEARCH, EDUCATION, AND ECONOMICS.

SEC. 7511. RESEARCH, EDUCATION, AND ECONOMICS.(a) In General.—Section 251 of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6971) is amended—(1) in subsection (a), by inserting “(referred to in this section as the ‘Under Secretary’)” before the period at the end;(2) by striking subsections (b) through (d);(3) by redesignating subsection (e) as subsection (g); and(4) by inserting after subsection (a) the following:“(b) Confirmation Required.—The Under Secretary shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, from among distinguished scientists with specialized training or significant experience in agricultural research, education, and economics.“(c) Chief Scientist.—The Under Secretary shall—“(1) hold the title of Chief Scientist of the Department; and“(2) be responsible for the coordination of the research, education, and extension activities of the Department.“(d) Functions of Under Secretary.—“(1) Principal function.—The Secretary shall delegate to the Under Secretary those functions and duties under the 122 STAT. 1260 jurisdiction of the Department that relate to research, education, and economics.“(2) Specific functions and duties.—The Under Secretary shall—“(A) identify, address, and prioritize current and emerging agricultural research, education, and extension needs (including funding);“(B) ensure that agricultural research, education, and extension programs are effectively coordinated and integrated—“(i) across disciplines, agencies, and institutions; and“(ii) among applicable participants, grantees, and beneficiaries;“(C) promote the collaborative use of all agricultural research, education, and extension resources from the local, State, tribal, regional, national, and international levels to address priority needs; and“(D) foster communication among agricultural research, education, and extension beneficiaries, including the public, to ensure the delivery of agricultural research, education, and extension knowledge.“(3) Additional functions.—The Under Secretary shall perform such other functions and duties as may be required by law or prescribed by the Secretary.“(e) Research, Education, and Extension Office.—“(1) Establishment.—The Under Secretary shall organize within the office of the Under Secretary 6 Divisions, to be known collectively as the ‘Research, Education, and Extension Office’, which shall coordinate the research programs and activities of the Department.“(2) Division designations.—The Divisions within the Research, Education, and Extension Office shall be as follows:“(A) Renewable energy, natural resources, and environment.“(B) Food safety, nutrition, and health.“(C) Plant health and production and plant products.“(D) Animal health and production and animal products.“(E) Agricultural systems and technology.“(F) Agricultural economics and rural communities.“(3) Division chiefs.—“(A) Selection.—The Under Secretary shall select a Division Chief for each Division using available personnel authority under title 5, United States Code, including—“(i) by term, temporary, or other appointment, without regard to—“(I) the provisions of title 5, United States Code, governing appointments in the competitive service;“(II) the provisions of subchapter I of chapter 35 of title 5, United States Code, relating to retention preference; and“(III) the provisions of chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of title 5, United States Code, relating to classification and General Schedule pay rates;122 STAT. 1261“(ii) by detail, notwithstanding any Act making appropriations for the Department of Agriculture, whether enacted before, on, or after the date of enactment of this paragraph, requiring reimbursement for those details unless the appropriation Act specifically refers to this subsection and specifically includes these details;“(iii) by reassignment or transfer from any other civil service position; and“(iv) by an assignment under subchapter VI of chapter 33 of title 5, United States Code.“(B) Selection guidelines.—To the maximum extent practicable, the Under Secretary shall select Division Chiefs under subparagraph (A) in a manner that—“(i) promotes leadership and professional development;“(ii) enables personnel to interact with other agencies of the Department; and“(iii) maximizes the ability of the Under Secretary to allow for rotations of Department personnel into the position of Division Chief.“(C) Term of service.—Notwithstanding title 5, United States Code, the maximum length of service for an individual selected as a Division Chief under subparagraph (A) shall not exceed 4 years.“(D) Qualifications.—To be eligible for selection as a Division Chief, an individual shall have—“(i) conducted exemplary research, education, or extension in the field of agriculture or forestry; and“(ii) earned an advanced degree at an institution of higher education (as defined in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001)).“(E) Duties of division chiefs.—Except as otherwise provided in this Act, each Division Chief shall—“(i) assist the Under Secretary in identifying and addressing emerging agricultural research, education, and extension needs;“(ii) assist the Under Secretary in identifying and prioritizing Department-wide agricultural research, education, and extension needs, including funding;“(iii) assess the strategic workforce needs of the research, education, and extension functions of the Department, and develop strategic workforce plans to ensure that existing and future workforce needs are met;“(iv) communicate with research, education, and extension beneficiaries, including the public, and representatives of the research, education, and extension system, including the National Agricultural Research, Extension, Education, and Economics Advisory Board, to promote the benefits of agricultural research, education, and extension;“(v) assist the Under Secretary in preparing and implementing the roadmap for agricultural research, education, and extension, as described in section 7504 of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008; and122 STAT. 1262“(vi) perform such other duties as the Under Secretary may determine.“(4) General administration.—“(A) Funding.—Notwithstanding any Act making appropriations for the Department of Agriculture, whether enacted before, on, or after the date of enactment of this paragraph unless the appropriation Act specifically refers to this subsection and specifically includes the administration of funds under this section, the Secretary may transfer funds made available to an agency in the research, education, and economics mission area to fund the costs of Division personnel.“(B) Limitation.—To the maximum extent practicable—“(i) the Under Secretary shall minimize the number of full-time equivalent positions in the Divisions; and“(ii) at no time shall the aggregate number of staff for all Divisions exceed 30 full-time equivalent positions.“(C) Rotation of personnel.—To the maximum extent practicable, and using the authority described in paragraph (3)(A), the Under Secretary shall rotate personnel among the Divisions, and between the Divisions and agencies of the Department, in a manner that—“(i) promotes leadership and professional development; and“(ii) enables personnel to interact with other agencies of the Department.“(5) Organization.—The Under Secretary shall integrate leadership functions of the national program staff of the research agencies into the Research, Education and Extension Office in such form as is required to ensure that administrative duplication does not occur.“(f) National Institute of Food and Agriculture.—“(1) Definitions.—In this subsection:“(A) Advisory board.—The term ‘Advisory Board’ means the National Agricultural Research, Extension, Education, and Economics Advisory Board established under section 1408 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3123).“(B) Applied research.—The term ‘applied research’ means research that includes expansion of the findings of fundamental research to uncover practical ways in which new knowledge can be advanced to benefit individuals and society.“(C) Capacity and infrastructure program.—The term ‘capacity and infrastructure program’ means each of the following agricultural research, extension, education, and related programs for which the Secretary has administrative or other authority as of the day before the date of enactment of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008:“(i) Each program providing funding to any of the 1994 Institutions under sections 533, 534(a), and 535 of the Equity in Educational Land-Grant Status Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 301 note; Public Law 103–382).122 STAT. 1263“(ii) The program established under section 536 of the Equity in Educational Land-Grant Status Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 301 note; Public Law 103–382) providing research grants for 1994 Institutions.“(iii) Each program established under subsections (b) and (c) of section 3 of the Smith-Lever Act (7 U.S.C. 343).“(iv) Each program established under the Hatch Act of 1887 (7 U.S.C. 361a et seq.).“(v) Each program established under section 1417(b) of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3152(b)).“(vi) The animal health and disease research program established under subtitle E of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3191 et seq.).“(vii) Each extension program available to 1890 Institutions established under section 1444 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3221).“(viii) The program established under section 1445 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3222).“(ix) The program providing grants to upgrade agricultural and food sciences facilities at 1890 Institutions established under section 1447 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3222b).“(x) The program providing distance education grants for insular areas established under section 1490 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3362).“(xi) The program providing resident instruction grants for insular areas established under section 1491 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3363).“(xii) Each research and development and related program established under Public Law 87–788 (commonly known as the ‘McIntire-Stennis Cooperative Forestry Act’) (16 U.S.C. 582a et seq.).“(xiii) Each program established under the Renewable Resources Extension Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 1671 et seq.).“(xiv) Each program providing funding to Hispanic-serving agricultural colleges and universities under section 1456 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977.“(xv) The program providing capacity grants to NLGCA Institutions under section 1473F of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977.“(xvi) Other programs that are capacity and infrastructure programs, as determined by the Secretary.“(D) Competitive program.—The term ‘competitive program’ means each of the following agricultural research, extension, education, and related programs for which the 122 STAT. 1264 Secretary has administrative or other authority as of the day before the date of enactment of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008:“(i) The Agriculture and Food Research Initiative established under section 2(b) of the Competitive, Special, and Facilities Research Grant Act (7 U.S.C. 450i(b)).“(ii) The program providing competitive grants for risk management education established under section 524(a)(3) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1524(a)(3)).“(iii) The program providing community food project competitive grants established under section 25 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2034).“(iv) The program providing grants for beginning farmer and rancher development established under section 7405 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 3319f).“(v) The program providing grants under section 1417(j) of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3152(j)).“(vi) The program providing grants for Hispanic-serving institutions established under section 1455 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3241).“(vii) The program providing competitive grants for international agricultural science and education programs under section 1459A of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3292b).“(viii) The research and extension projects carried out under section 1621 of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5811).“(ix) The organic agriculture research and extension initiative established under section 1672B of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5925b).“(x) The specialty crop research initiative under section 412 of the Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education Reform Act of 1998.“(xi) The administration and management of the Agricultural Bioenergy Feedstock and Energy Efficiency Research and Extension Initiative carried out under section 1672C of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990.“(xii) The research, extension, and education programs authorized by section 407 of the Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 7627) relating to the competitiveness, viability and sustainability of small- and medium-sized dairy, livestock, and poultry operations.“(xiii) Other programs that are competitive programs, as determined by the Secretary.“(E) Director.—The term ‘Director’ means the Director of the Institute.122 STAT. 1265“(F) Fundamental research.—The term ‘fundamental research’ means research that—“(i) increases knowledge or understanding of the fundamental aspects of phenomena and has the potential for broad application; and“(ii) has an effect on agriculture, food, nutrition, or the environment.“(G) Institute.—The term ‘Institute’ means the National Institute of Food and Agriculture established by paragraph (2)(A).“(2) Establishment of national institute of food and agriculture.—“(A) Establishment.—The Secretary shall establish within the Department an agency to be known as the ‘National Institute of Food and Agriculture’.“(B) Transfer of authorities.—The Secretary shall transfer to the Institute, effective not later than October 1, 2009, the authorities (including all budget authorities, available appropriations, and personnel), duties, obligations, and related legal and administrative functions prescribed by law or otherwise granted to the Secretary, the Department, or any other agency or official of the Department under—“(i) the capacity and infrastructure programs;“(ii) the competitive programs;“(iii) the research, education, economic, cooperative State research programs, cooperative extension and education programs, international programs, and other functions and authorities delegated by the Under Secretary to the Administrator of the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service pursuant to section 2.66 of title 7, Code of Federal Regulations (or successor regulations); and“(iv) any and all other authorities administered by the Administrator of the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service.“(3) Director.—“(A) In general.—The Institute shall be headed by a Director, who shall be an individual who is—“(i) a distinguished scientist; and“(ii) appointed by the President.“(B) Supervision.—The Director shall report directly to the Secretary, or the designee of the Secretary.“(C) Functions of the director.—The Director shall—“(i) serve for a 6-year term, subject to reappointment for an additional 6-year term;“(ii) periodically report to the Secretary, or the designee of the Secretary, with respect to activities carried out by the Institute; and“(iii) consult regularly with the Secretary, or the designee of the Secretary, to ensure, to the maximum extent practicable, that—“(I) research of the Institute is relevant to agriculture in the United States and otherwise serves the national interest; and122 STAT. 1266“(II) the research of the Institute supplements and enhances, and does not supplant, research conducted or funded by other Federal agencies.“(D) Compensation.—The Director shall receive basic pay at a rate not to exceed the maximum amount of compensation payable to a member of the Senior Executive Service under subsection (b) of section 5382 of title 5, United States Code, except that the certification requirement in that subsection shall not apply to the compensation of the Director.“(E) Authority and responsibilities of director.—Except as otherwise specifically provided in this subsection, the Director shall—“(i) exercise all of the authority provided to the Institute by this subsection;“(ii) formulate and administer programs in accordance with policies adopted by the Institute, in coordination with the Under Secretary;“(iii) establish offices within the Institute;“(iv) establish procedures for the provision and administration of grants by the Institute; and“(v) consult regularly with the Advisory Board.“(4) Regulations.—The Institute shall have such authority as is necessary to carry out this subsection, including the authority to promulgate such regulations as the Institute considers to be necessary for governance of operations, organization, and personnel.“(5) Administration.—“(A) In general.—The Director shall organize offices and functions within the Institute to administer fundamental and applied research and extension and education programs.“(B) Research priorities.—The Director shall ensure the research priorities established by the Under Secretary through the Research, Education and Extension Office are carried out by the offices and functions of the Institute, where applicable.“(C) Fundamental and applied research.—The Director shall—“(i) determine an appropriate balance between fundamental and applied research programs and functions to ensure future research needs are met; and“(ii) designate staff, as appropriate, to assist in carrying out this subparagraph.“(D) Competitively funded awards.—The Director shall—“(i) promote the use and growth of grants awarded through a competitive process; and“(ii) designate staff, as appropriate, to assist in carrying out this subparagraph.“(E) Coordination.—The Director shall ensure that the offices and functions established under subparagraph (A) are effectively coordinated for maximum efficiency.“(6) Funding.—“(A) In general.—In addition to funds otherwise appropriated to carry out each program administered by the Institute, there are authorized to be appropriated such 122 STAT. 1267 sums as are necessary to carry out this subsection for each fiscal year.“(B) Allocation.—Funding made available under subparagraph (A) shall be allocated according to recommendations contained in the roadmap described in section 7504 of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008.”.(b) Functions.—Section 296(b) of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 7014(b)) is amended—(1) in paragraph (4), by striking “or” at the end;(2) in paragraph (5), by striking the period at the end and inserting “; or”; and(3) by adding at the end the following:“(6) the authority of the Secretary to establish in the Department, under section 251—“(A) the position of Under Secretary of Agriculture for Research, Education, and Economics;“(B) the Research, Education, and Extension Office; and“(C) the National Institute of Food and Agriculture.”.(c) Conforming Amendments.—The following conforming amendments shall take effect on October 1, 2009:(1) Section 522(d)(2) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1522(d)(2)) is amended by striking “the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service” and inserting “the National Institute of Food and Agriculture”.(2) Section 524(a) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1524(a)) is amended in each of paragraphs (1)(B) and (3)(A) by striking “the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service” each place it appears and inserting “the National Institute of Food and Agriculture”.(3) Section 306(a)(11)(C) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1926(a)(11)(C)) is amended by striking “the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service” and inserting “the National Institute of Food and Agriculture”.(4) Section 5(b)(2)(E) of the Agricultural Credit Improvement Act of 1992 (7 U.S.C. 1929 note; Public Law 102–554) is amended by striking “Cooperative Extension Service” and inserting “National Institute of Food and Agriculture”.(5) Section 11(f)(1) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2020(f)(1)) is amended by striking “Cooperative Extension Service” and inserting “National Institute of Food and Agriculture”.(6) Section 502(h) of the Rural Development Act of 1972 (7 U.S.C. 2662(h)) is amended—(A) in paragraph (1), by striking “Extension Service” and inserting “National Institute of Food and Agriculture”; and(B) in paragraph (4), by striking “Extension Service staff” and inserting “National Institute of Food and Agriculture staff”.(7) Section 7404(b)(1)(B) of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 3101 note; Public Law 107–171) is amended by striking clause (vi) and inserting the following:122 STAT. 1268 “(vi) the National Institute of Food and Agriculture.”.(8) Section 1408(b)(4) of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3123(b)(4)) is amended by striking “the Administrator of the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service” and inserting “the Director of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture”.(9) Section 2381(a) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 3125b(a)) is amended by striking “Extension Service” and inserting “National Institute of Food and Agriculture”.(10) The National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 is amended—(A) in section 1424A(b) (7 U.S.C. 3174a(b)), by striking “the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service” and inserting “the National Institute of Food and Agriculture”; and(B) in section 1458(a)(10) (7 U.S.C. 3291(a)(10)), by striking “the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service” and inserting “the National Institute of Food and Agriculture”.(11) Section 1587(a) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (7 U.S.C. 3175d(a)) is amended by striking “Extension Service” each place it appears and inserting “National Institute of Food and Agriculture”.(12) Section 1444(b)(2)(A) of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3221(b)(2)(A)) is amended by striking “Extension Service” and inserting “National Institute of Food and Agriculture”.(13) Section 1473D(d) of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3319d(d)) is amended by striking “the Cooperative State Research Service, the Extension Service” and inserting “the National Institute of Food and Agriculture”.(14) Section 1499(c) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5506(c)) is amended by striking “the Cooperative State Research Service” and all that follows through “extension services;” and inserting “the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, in conjunction with the system of State agricultural experiment stations and State and county cooperative extension services; the Economic Research Service;”.(15) Section 1622 of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5812) is amended—(A) in subsection (a)(1), by striking “the Cooperative State Research Service in close cooperation with the Extension Service” and inserting “the National Institute of Food and Agriculture”;(B) in subsection (b)(1)—(i) by striking subparagraphs (B) and (C) and inserting the following:“(B) the National Institute of Food and Agriculture;”; and(ii) by redesignating subparagraphs (D) through (L) as subparagraphs (C) through (K), respectively.122 STAT. 1269(16) Section 1627(d) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5821(d)) is amended by striking “Extension Service” and inserting “National Institute of Food and Agriculture”.(17) Section 1629 of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5832) is amended—(A) in subsection (b), in the first sentence, by striking “the Extension Service” and inserting “the National Institute of Food and Agriculture”; and(B) in subsection (h), by striking “Extension Service” and inserting “National Institute of Food and Agriculture”.(18) Section 1638(b) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5852(b)) is amended—(A) in paragraph (3), by striking “Cooperative State Research Service” and inserting “National Institute of Food and Agriculture”; and(B) in paragraph (5), by striking “Cooperative State Research Service” and inserting “National Institute of Food and Agriculture”.(19) Section 1640(a)(2) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5854(a)(2)) is amended by striking “the Administrator of the Extension Service, the Administrator of the Cooperative State Research Service” and inserting “the Director of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture”.(20) Section 1641(a) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5855(a)) is amended—(A) in paragraph (2), by striking “Cooperative State Research Service” and inserting “National Institute of Food and Agriculture”; and(B) in paragraph (4,) by striking “Extension Service” and inserting “National Institute of Food and Agriculture”.(21) Section 1668(b) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5921(b)) is amended by striking “Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service” and inserting “National Institute of Food and Agriculture”.(22) Section 1670(a)(4) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5923(a)(4)) is amended by striking “the Administrator of the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service” and inserting “the Director of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture”.(23) Section 1677(a) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5930(a)) is amended by striking “Extension Service” and inserting “National Institute of Food and Agriculture”.(24) Section 2122(b)(1) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 6521(b)(1)) is amended by striking “Extension Service” and inserting “National Institute of Food and Agriculture”.(25) Section 2371 of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 6601) is amended—(A) in subsection (a), by striking “Extension Service” and inserting “National Institute of Food and Agriculture”; and(B) in subsection (c)(3), by striking “Service” and inserting “System”.122 STAT. 1270(26) Section 2377(a) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 6615(a)) is amended by striking “Extension Service” and inserting “National Institute of Food and Agriculture”.(27) Section 212(a)(2)(A) of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6912(a)(2)(A)) is amended by striking “251(d),” and inserting “251(f),”.(28) Section 537 of the Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 (7 U.S.C. 7446) is amended in each of subsections (a)(2) and (b)(3)(B)(i) by striking “Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service” and inserting “cooperative extension”.(29) Section 101(b)(2) of the Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 7611(b)(2)) is amended by striking “Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service” and inserting “National Institute of Food and Agriculture”.(30) Section 103(a) of the Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 7613(a)) is amended—(A) in the subsection heading, by striking “Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service” and inserting “National Institute of Food and Agriculture”; and(B) in each of paragraphs (1) and (2)(A), by striking “the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service” and inserting “the National Institute of Food and Agriculture”.(31) Section 407(c) of the Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 7627(c)) is amended by striking “the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service” and inserting “the National Institute of Food and Agriculture”.(32) Section 410(a) of the Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 7630(a)) is amended by striking “the Administrator of the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service” and inserting “the Director of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture”.(33) Section 307(g)(5) of the Agricultural Risk Protection Act of 2000 (7 U.S.C. 8606(g)(5)) is amended by striking “Administrator of the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service” and inserting “Director of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture”.(34) Section 5(a) of the Renewable Resources Extension Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 1674a(a)) is amended by striking “Extension Service” and inserting “National Institute of Food and Agriculture”.(35) Section 6(b) of the Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 2103b(b)) is amended by striking “the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, may provide technical, financial, and related assistance to State foresters, equivalent State officials, or Cooperative Extension officials” and inserting “the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, may provide technical, financial, and related assistance to State foresters, equivalent State officials, or cooperative extension officials”.122 STAT. 1271(36) Section 9(g)(2)(A)(viii) of the Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 2105(g)(2)(A)(viii)) is amended by striking “Extension Service” and inserting “National Institute of Food and Agriculture”.(37) Section 19(b)(1)(B)(i) of the Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 2113(b)(1)(B)(i)) is amended by striking “Extension Service” and inserting “National Institute of Food and Agriculture”.(38) Section 1261(c)(4) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3861(c)(4)) is amended by striking “Extension Service” and inserting “National Institute of Food and Agriculture”.(39) Section 105(a) of the Africa: Seeds of Hope Act of 1998 (22 U.S.C. 2293 note; Public Law 105–385) is amended by striking “the Cooperative State, Research, Education, and Extension Service (CSREES)” and inserting “the National Institute of Food and Agriculture”.(40) Section 307(a)(4) of the National Aeronautic and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16657(a)(4)) is amended by striking subparagraph (B) and inserting the following:“(B) the program and structure of, peer review process of, management of conflicts of interest by, compensation of reviewers of, and the effects of compensation on reviewer efficiency and quality within, the National Institute of Food and Agriculture of the Department of Agriculture;”.