Definitions

Section 340 Section 340.30  Definitions "Air-purifying respirator" or "APR" means a respirator with an air-purifying filter, cartridge or canister that removes specific air contaminants by passing ambient air through the air-purifying element. "Annual limit on intake" or "ALI" means the derived limit for the amount of radioactive material taken into the body of an adult worker by inhalation or ingestion in a year.  ALI is the smaller value of intake of a given radionuclide in a year by the reference man that would result in a committed effective dose equivalent of 0.05 Sv (5 rem) or a committed dose equivalent of 0.5 Sv (50 rem) to any individual organ or tissue.  ALI values for intake by ingestion and by inhalation of selected radionuclides are given in table 1, columns 1 and 2 of appendix B to 10 CFR 20, published at 72 Fed. Reg. 55922, October 1, 2007, exclusive of subsequent amendments or editions. "Assigned protection factor" or "APF" means the expected workplace level of respiratory protection that would be provided by a properly functioning respirator or a class of respirators to properly trained and fitted users. "Atmosphere-supplying respirator" means a respirator that supplies the respirator user with breathing air from a source independent of the ambient atmosphere, and includes supplied-air respirators (SARs) and self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) units. "Chelating agent" means amine polycarboxylic acids (e.g., EDTA, DTPA), hydroxy-carboxylic acids, and polycarboxylic acids (e.g., citric acid, carbolic acid, and glucinic acid). "Class" (lung class or inhalation class) means a classification scheme for inhaled material according to its rate of clearance from the pulmonary region of the lung.  Materials are classified as D, W or Y, which applies to a range of clearance half-times: for Class D (Days) of less than 10 days, for Class W (Weeks) from 10 to 100 days, and for Class Y (Years) of greater than 100 days. "Collector" means a licensee whose principal purpose is to collect and consolidate waste generated by others, and to transfer this waste, without processing or repackaging the collected waste, to another licensed waste collector, licensed waste processor or licensed land disposal facility. "Consignee" means the designated receiver of a shipment of low-level radioactive waste. "Constraint" (dose constraint) means a value above which specified licensee actions are required. "Demand respirator" means an atmosphere-supplying respirator that admits breathing air to the face piece only when a negative pressure is created inside the face piece by inhalation. "Derived air concentration" or "DAC" means the concentration of a given radionuclide in air, which, if breathed by the reference man for a working year of 2,000 hours under conditions of light work would result in an intake of one ALI.  For purposes of this definition, the condition of light work is an inhalation rate of 1.2 cubic meters of air per hour for 2,000 hours in a year.  DAC values are given in table 1, column 3 of appendix B to 10 CFR 20, published at 72 Fed. Reg. 55922, October 1, 2007, exclusive of subsequent amendments or editions. "Derived air concentration-hour" or "DAC-hour" means the product of the concentration of radioactive material in air (expressed as a fraction or multiple of the derived air concentration for each radionuclide) and the time of exposure to that radionuclide (expressed in hours).  A licensee may take 2,000 DAC-hours to represent one ALI, equivalent to a committed effective dose equivalent of 0.05 Sv (5 rem). "Disposal container" means a container principally used to confine low-level radioactive waste during disposal operations at a land disposal facility (also see "high integrity container").  Note that, for some shipments, the disposal container may be the transport package. "Disposable respirator" means a respirator for which maintenance is not intended and that is designed to be discarded after excessive breathing resistance, sorbent exhaustion, physical damage, or end-of-service-life renders it unsuitable for use.  Examples of this type of respirator are a disposable half-mask respirator or a disposable escape-only self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). "EPA identification number" means the number received by a transporter following application to the Administrator of USEPA as required by 40 CFR 263. "Filtering face piece" or "dust mask" means a negative pressure particulate respirator with a filter as an integral part of the face piece or with the entire face piece composed of the filtering medium, not equipped with elastomeric sealing surfaces and adjustable straps. "Fit factor" means a quantitative estimate of the fit of a particular respirator to a specific individual and typically estimates the ratio of the concentration of a substance in ambient air to its concentration inside the respirator when worn. "Fit Test" means the use of a protocol to qualitatively or quantitatively evaluate the fit of a respirator on an individual. "Helmet" means a rigid respiratory inlet covering that also provides head protection against impact and penetration. "Hood" means a respiratory inlet covering that completely covers the head and neck and may also cover portions of the shoulders and torso. "Inhalation class" (see "class"). "Land disposal facility" means the land, buildings, structures and equipment which are intended to be used for the disposal of radioactive wastes. "Lens dose equivalent" or "LDE" applies to the external exposure of the lens of the eye and is taken as the dose equivalent at a tissue depth of 0.3 centimeter (300 mg/cm 2 ). "Loose-fitting face piece" means a respiratory inlet covering designed to form a partial seal with the face. "Lung class" (see "class"). "Negative pressure respirator (tight fitting)" means a respirator in which the air pressure inside the face piece is negative during inhalation with respect to the ambient air pressure outside the respirator. "Nonstochastic effect" (deterministic effect) means a health effect, the severity of which varies with the dose and for which a threshold is believed to exist.  Radiation-induced cataract formation is an example of a nonstochastic effect. "Occupational dose" means the dose received by an individual in the course of employment in which the individual's assigned duties involve exposure to radiation or to radioactive material from licensed and unlicensed sources of radiation, whether in the possession of the licensee or another person.  Occupational dose does not include doses received from background radiation, from any medical administration the individual has received, from exposure to individuals administered radioactive material and released under 32 Ill. Adm. Code 335, from voluntary participation in medical research programs or as a member of the public. "Physical description" means the items called for on NRC Form 541 to describe a low-level radioactive waste. "Planned special exposure" means an infrequent exposure to radiation, the dose from which is separate from and in addition to the annual occupational dose limits. "Positive pressure respirator" means a respirator in which the pressure inside the respiratory inlet covering exceeds the ambient air pressure outside the respirator. "Powered air-purifying respirator" or "PAPR" means an air-purifying respirator that uses a blower to force the ambient air through air-purifying elements to the inlet covering. "Pressure demand respirator" means a positive pressure atmosphere-supplying respirator that admits breathing air to the face piece when the positive pressure is reduced inside the face piece by inhalation. "Public dose" means the dose received by a member of the public from exposure to radiation or to radioactive material released by a licensee or to any other source of radiation under the control of a licensee.  Public dose does not include occupational dose or doses received from background radiation, from any medical administration the individual has received, from exposure to individuals administered radioactive material and released under 32 Ill. Adm. Code 335, or from voluntary participation in medical research programs. "Qualitative fit test" or "QLFT" means a pass/fail fit test to assess the adequacy of respirator fit that relies on the individual's response to the test agent. "Quantitative fit test" or "QNFT" means an assessment of the adequacy of respirator fit by numerically measuring the amount of leakage into the respirator. "Reference Man" means a hypothetical aggregation of human physical and physiological characteristics determined by international consensus.  These characteristics may be used by researchers and public health workers to standardize results of experiments and to relate biological insult to a common base. AGENCY NOTE:  A description of the Reference Man is contained in the International Commission on Radiological Protection report, ICRP Publication 23, "Report of the Task Group on Reference Man." "Respiratory protective equipment" means an apparatus, such as a respirator, used to reduce an individual's intake of airborne radioactive materials. "Sanitary sewerage" means a system of public sewers for carrying off waste water and refuse, but excluding sewage treatment facilities, septic tanks, and leach fields owned or operated by the licensee. "Self-contained breathing apparatus" or "SCBA" means an atmosphere-supplying respirator for which the breathing air source is designed to be carried by the user. "Shipping paper" means NRC Form 540 and, if required, NRC Form 540A, which includes the information required by DOT in 49 CFR 172, revised October 1, 2008, exclusive of subsequent amendments or editions. "Stochastic effect" (probabilistic effect) means a health effect that occurs randomly and for which the probability of the effect occurring, rather than its severity, is assumed to be a linear function of dose without threshold.  Hereditary effects and cancer incidence are examples of stochastic effects. "Supplied-air respirator" or "SAR" or "airline respirator" means an atmosphere-supplying respirator for which the source of breathing air is not designed to be carried by the user. "Tight-fitting face piece" means a respiratory inlet covering that forms a complete seal with the face. "Uniform Low-Level Radioactive Waste Manifest" or " uniform manifest" means the combination of NRC Forms 540, 541 and, if necessary, 542, and their respective continuation sheets as needed, or equivalent. "User seal check" or "fit check" means an action conducted by the respirator user to determine if the respirator is properly seated to the face.  Examples include negative pressure check, positive pressure check, irritant smoke check, or isoamyl acetate check. "Waste description" means the physical, chemical and radiological description of a low-level radioactive waste as called for on NRC Form 541. "Waste processor" means an entity, operating under an Agency, Nuclear Regulatory Commission or Agreement State license, whose principal purpose is to process, repackage, or otherwise treat low-level radioactive material or waste generated by others prior to eventual transfer of waste to a licensed low-level radioactive waste land disposal facility. "Waste type" means a waste within a disposal container having a unique physical description (i.e., a specific waste descriptor code or description or a waste sorbed on or solidified in a specifically defined media). "Weighting factor" (w T ), means the proportion of the risk of stochastic effects resulting from irradiation of an organ or tissue (T) to the total risk of stochastic effects when the whole body is irradiated uniformly.  For calculating the effective dose equivalent, the values of (w T ) are: Organ or Tissue (w T ) Gonads 0.25 Breast 0.15 Red bone marrow 0.12 Lung 0.12 Thyroid 0.03 Bone surfaces 0.03 Remainder 0.30 a Whole Body 1.00 b a 0.30 results from 0.06 for each of 5 "remainder" organs, excluding the skin and the lens of the eye, that receive the highest doses. b For the purpose of weighting the external whole-body dose, for adding it to the internal dose, a single weighting factor, (w T ) = 1.0, has been specified.