35 Ill. Adm. Code 728.TABLE C
C Technology Codes and Description of Technology-Based Standards
Section 728
Section 728.TABLE C Technology
Codes and Description of Technology-Based Standards
Technology
Code Description
of Technology-Based Standard
ADGAS Venting
of compressed gases into an absorbing or reacting media (i.e., solid or liquid)
− venting can be accomplished through physical release utilizing valves
or piping; physical penetration of the container; or penetration through
detonation.
AMLGM Amalgamation
of liquid, elemental mercury contaminated with radioactive materials utilizing
inorganic reagents such as copper, zinc, nickel, gold, and sulfur that result
in a nonliquid, semi-solid amalgam and thereby reducing potential emissions of
elemental mercury vapors to the air.
BIODG Biodegradation
of organics or non-metallic inorganics (i.e., degradable inorganics that
contain the elements of phosphorus, nitrogen, and sulfur) in units operated
under either aerobic or anaerobic conditions such that a surrogate compound or
indicator parameter has been substantially reduced in concentration in the
residuals (e.g., total organic carbon (TOC) can often be used as an indicator
parameter for the biodegradation of many organic constituents that cannot be
directly analyzed in wastewater residues).
CARBN Carbon
adsorption (granulated or powdered) of non-metallic inorganics,
organo-metallics, or organic constituents, operated so that a surrogate
compound or indicator parameter has not undergone breakthrough (e.g., total
organic carbon (TOC) can often be used as an indicator parameter for the
adsorption of many organic constituents that cannot be directly analyzed in
wastewater residues). Breakthrough occurs when the carbon has become saturated
with the constituent (or indicator parameter) and substantial change in
adsorption rate associated with that constituent occurs.
CHOXD Chemical
or electrolytic oxidation utilizing the following oxidation reagents (or waste
reagents) or combinations or reagents:
1) hypochlorite (e.g.,
bleach);
2) chlorine;
3) chlorine dioxide;
4) ozone or UV
(ultraviolet light) assisted ozone;
5) peroxides;
6) persulfates;
7) perchlorates;
8) permanganates; or
9) other
oxidizing reagents of equivalent efficiency, performed in units operated so
that a surrogate compound or indicator parameter has been substantially reduced
in concentration in the residuals (e.g., total organic carbon (TOC) can often
be used as an indicator parameter for the oxidation of many organic
constituents that cannot be directly analyzed in wastewater residues). Chemical
oxidation specifically includes what is commonly referred to as alkaline
chlorination.
CHRED Chemical
reduction utilizing the following reducing reagents (or waste reagents) or
combinations of reagents:
1) sulfur dioxide;
2) sodium,
potassium, or alkali salts of sulfites, bisulfites, metabisulfites, and
polyethylene glycols (e.g., NaPEG and KPEG);
3) sodium hydrosulfide;
4) ferrous salts; or
5) other
reducing reagents of equivalent efficiency, performed in units operated such
that a surrogate compound or indicator parameter has been substantially reduced
in concentration in the residuals (e.g., total organic halogens (TOX) can often
be used as an indicator parameter for the reduction of many halogenated organic
constituents that cannot be directly analyzed in wastewater residues). Chemical
reduction is commonly used for the reduction of hexavalent chromium to the
trivalent state.
CMBST High
temperature organic destruction technologies, such as combustion in
incinerators, boilers, or industrial furnaces operated in accordance with the
applicable requirements of Subpart O of 35 Ill. Adm. Code 724, Subpart O of 35
Ill. Adm. Code 725, or Subpart H of 35 Ill. Adm. Code 726, and in other units
operated in accordance with applicable technical operating requirements; and
certain non-combustive technologies, such as the Catalytic Extraction Process.
DEACT Deactivation
to remove the hazardous characteristics of a waste due to its ignitability,
corrosivity, or reactivity.
FSUBS Fuel
substitution in units operated in accordance with applicable technical
operating requirements.
HLVIT Vitrification
of high-level mixed radioactive wastes in units in compliance with all
applicable radioactive protection requirements under control of the federal
Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
IMERC Incineration
of wastes containing organics and mercury in units operated in accordance with
the technical operating requirements of Subpart O of 35 Ill. Adm. Code 724 or Subpart
O of 35 Ill. Adm. Code 725. All wastewater and nonwastewater residues derived
from this process must then comply with the corresponding treatment standards
per USEPA hazardous waste number with consideration of any applicable
subcategories (e.g., high or low mercury subcategories).
INCIN Incineration
in units operated in accordance with the technical operating requirements of Subpart
O of 35 Ill. Adm. Code 724 or Subpart O of 35 Ill. Adm. Code 725.
LLEXT Liquid-liquid
extraction (often referred to as solvent extraction) of organics from liquid
wastes into an immiscible solvent for which the hazardous constituents have a
greater solvent affinity, resulting in an extract high in organics that must
undergo either incineration, reuse as a fuel, or other recovery or reuse and a
raffinate (extracted liquid waste) proportionately low in organics that must
undergo further treatment as specified in the standard.
MACRO Macroencapsulation
with surface coating materials such as polymeric organics (e.g., resins and
plastics) or with a jacket of inert inorganic materials to substantially reduce
surface exposure to potential leaching media. Macroencapsulation specifically
does not include any material that would be classified as a tank or container
according to 35 Ill. Adm. Code 720.110.
NEUTR Neutralization
with the following reagents (or waste reagents) or combinations of reagents:
1) acids;
2) bases; or
3) water
(including wastewaters) resulting in a pH greater than two but less than 12.5
as measured in the aqueous residuals.
NLDBR No
land disposal based on recycling.
POLYM Formation
of complex high-molecular weight solids through polymerization of monomers in
high-TOC D001 nonwastewaters that are chemical components in the manufacture of
plastics.
PRECP Chemical
precipitation of metals and other inorganics as insoluble precipitates of
oxides, hydroxides, carbonates, sulfides, sulfates, chlorides, fluorides, or
phosphates. The following reagents (or waste reagents) are typically used alone
or in combination:
1) lime (i.e., containing
oxides or hydroxides of calcium or magnesium);
2) caustic (i.e., sodium
or potassium hydroxides);
3) soda ash (i.e., sodium
carbonate);
4) sodium sulfide;
5) ferric sulfate or
ferric chloride;
6) alum; or
7) sodium
sulfate. Additional flocculating, coagulation, or similar reagents or
processes that enhance sludge dewatering characteristics are not precluded from
use.
RBERY Thermal
recovery of beryllium.
RCGAS Recovery
or reuse of compressed gases including techniques such as reprocessing of the
gases for reuse or resale; filtering or adsorption of impurities; remixing for
direct reuse or resale; and use of the gas as a fuel source.
RCORR Recovery
of acids or bases utilizing one or more of the following recovery technologies:
1) distillation (i.e.,
thermal concentration);
2) ion exchange;
3) resin or solid
adsorption;
4) reverse osmosis; or
5) incineration for the
recovery of acid
Note: this does not preclude the
use of other physical phase separation or concentration techniques such as
decantation, filtration (including ultrafiltration), and centrifugation, when
used in conjunction with the above listed recovery technologies.
RLEAD Thermal
recovery of lead in secondary lead smelters.
RMERC Retorting
or roasting in a thermal processing unit capable of volatilizing mercury and
subsequently condensing the volatilized mercury for recovery. The retorting or
roasting unit (or facility) must be subject to one or more of the following:
a) A federal
national emissions standard for hazardous air pollutants (NESHAP) for mercury (subpart
E of 40 CFR 61);
b) A
best available control technology (BACT) or a lowest achievable emission rate
(LAER) standard for mercury imposed pursuant to a prevention of significant
deterioration (PSD) permit (including 35 Ill. Adm. Code 201 through 203); or
c) A
state permit that establishes emission limitations (within meaning of Section
302 of the Clean Air Act) for mercury, including a permit issued pursuant to 35
Ill. Adm. Code 201. All wastewater and nonwastewater residues derived from this
process must then comply with the corresponding treatment standards per USEPA
hazardous waste number with consideration of any applicable subcategories
(e.g., high or low mercury subcategories).
RMETL Recovery
of metals or inorganics utilizing one or more of the following direct physical
or removal technologies:
1) ion exchange;
2) resin or solid (i.e.,
zeolites) adsorption;
3) reverse osmosis;
4) chelation or solvent
extraction;
5) freeze crystallization;
6) ultrafiltration; or
7) simple precipitation
(i.e., crystallization)
Note: this does not preclude
the use of other physical phase separation or concentration techniques such as
decantation, filtration (including ultrafiltration), and centrifugation, when
used in conjunction with the above listed recovery technologies.
RORGS Recovery
of organics utilizing one or more of the following technologies:
1) Distillation;
2) thin film evaporation;
3) steam stripping;
4) carbon adsorption;
5) critical fluid
extraction;
6) liquid-liquid
extraction;
7) precipitation or
crystallization (including freeze crystallization); or
8) chemical
phase separation techniques (i.e., addition of acids, bases, demulsifiers, or
similar chemicals).
Note: This does not preclude
the use of other physical phase separation techniques such as decantation,
filtration (including ultrafiltration), and centrifugation, when used in
conjunction with the above listed recovery technologies.
RTHRM Thermal
recovery of metals or inorganics from nonwastewaters in units defined as cement
kilns, blast furnaces, smelting, melting and refining furnaces, combustion
devices used to recover sulfur values from spent sulfuric acid and "other
devices" determined by the Agency pursuant to 35 Ill. Adm. Code 720.110,
the definition of "industrial furnace".
RZINC Resmelting
in high temperature metal recovery units for the purpose of recovery of zinc.
STABL Stabilization
with the following reagents (or waste reagents) or combinations of reagents:
1) Portland cement; or
2) lime
or pozzolans (e.g., fly ash and cement kiln dust) – this does not preclude the
addition of reagents (e.g., iron salts, silicates, and clays) designed to
enhance the set or cure time or compressive strength, or to overall reduce the
leachability of the metal or inorganic.
SSTRP Steam
stripping of organics from liquid wastes utilizing direct application of steam
to the wastes operated such that liquid and vapor flow rates, as well as
temperature and pressure ranges, have been optimized, monitored, and
maintained. These operating parameters are dependent upon the design parameters
of the unit, such as, the number of separation stages and the internal column
design. Thus resulting in a condensed extract high in organics that must
undergo either incineration, reuse as a fuel, or other recovery or reuse and an
extracted wastewater that must undergo further treatment as specified in the
standard.
WETOX Wet
air oxidation performed in units operated such that a surrogate compound or
indicator parameter has been substantially reduced in concentration in the
residuals (e.g., total organic carbon (TOC) can often be used as an indicator
parameter for the oxidation of many organic constituents that cannot be
directly analyzed in wastewater residues).
WTRRX Controlled
reaction with water for highly reactive inorganic or organic chemicals with
precautionary controls for protection of workers from potential violent
reactions as well as precautionary controls for potential emissions of toxic or
ignitable levels of gases released during the reaction.
Note 1: When
a combination of these technologies (i.e., a treatment train) is specified as a
single treatment standard, the order of application is specified in Table T by
indicating the five letter technology code that must be applied first, then the
designation "fb." (an abbreviation for "followed by"), then
the five letter technology code for the technology that must be applied next,
and so on.
Note 2: When
more than one technology (or treatment train) are specified as alternative
treatment standards, the five letter technology codes (or the treatment trains)
are separated by a semicolon (;) with the last technology preceded by the word "OR".
This indicates that any one of these BDAT technologies or treatment trains can
be used for compliance with the standard.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from Table 1
in 40 CFR 268.42 (2017).