Taxability in Other State (IITA Section 303)

Section 100 TITLE 86: REVENUE CHAPTER I: DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE PART 100 INCOME TAX SECTION 100.3200 TAXABILITY IN OTHER STATE (IITA SECTION 303) Section 100.3200  Taxability in Other State (IITA Section 303) a)         General definition 1)         For purposes of allocation of nonbusiness income and for purposes of the sales factor used in apportioning business income, a taxpayer is taxable in another state if: A) in that state he or she is subject to a net income tax, a franchise tax measured by net income, a franchise tax for the privilege of doing business, or a corporate stock tax [35 ILCS 5/303(f)(1)]; or B) that state has jurisdiction to subject the taxpayer to a net income tax regardless of whether, in fact, the state does or does not subject the taxpayer to such a tax [35 ILCS 5/303(f)(2)]. 2)         A taxpayer is subject to one of the specified taxes in subsection (a)(1)(A) in a particular state only if the taxpayer is subject to the tax by reason of income-producing activities in that state. For example, a corporation that pays a minimum franchise tax in order to qualify for the privilege of doing business in a state is not subject to tax by that state within the meaning of subsection (a)(1)(A) if the amount of that minimum tax bears no relation to the corporation's activities within that state. Further, a taxpayer claiming to be taxable in another state under the test set forth in subsection (a)(1)(A) must establish not only that under the laws of that state the taxpayer is subject to one of the specified taxes, but that the taxpayer, in fact, pays the tax. If a taxpayer is subject to one of the taxes specified in subsection (a)(1)(A) but does not, in fact, pay the tax, the taxpayer may not claim to be taxable in the state imposing the tax under the test set forth in subsection (a)(1)(A) or (a)(1)(B). (See Dover Corp. v. Dept. of Revenue, 271 Ill. App. 3d 700 (1995).)  On the other hand, if a taxpayer is not subject in a given state to any of the taxes specified in subsection (a)(1)(A) but the taxpayer establishes that the taxpayer's activities in that state are such as to give the state jurisdiction to subject the taxpayer to a net income tax, then, under the test set forth in this subsection (a)(2), the taxpayer is taxable in that state, notwithstanding the fact that that state has not enacted legislation subjecting the taxpayer to the tax. For purposes of this Section: A)        A net income tax is a tax for which an individual may claim a deduction under 26 U.S.C. 164(a)(3) or for which a foreign tax credit may be claimed under 26 U.S.C. 901. B)        In the case of any state other than a foreign country or political subdivision of a foreign country, the determination of whether a state has jurisdiction to subject the taxpayer to a net income tax will be determined under the Constitution, statutes and treaties of the United States. Such a state does not have jurisdiction to subject the taxpayer to a net income tax if it is prohibited from imposing that tax by reason of the provisions of Public Law 86-272 (15 U.S.C. Sections 381-385). See 100.9720 of this Part for guidance on nexus standards under the Constitution and statutes of the United States. C)        In the case of any foreign country or political subdivision of a foreign country, the determination of whether a state has jurisdiction to subject the taxpayer to a net income tax will be determined as if the foreign country or political subdivision were a state of the United States or a political subdivision of a U.S. state. For taxable years ending before December 31, 2022, a person who is not required to pay net income tax by a foreign country or political subdivision as the result of a treaty provision exempting certain persons, business activities or sources of income from tax is not subject to net income tax in that jurisdiction.  For taxable years ending on or after December 31, 2022, if jurisdiction is otherwise present, due to income-producing activities conducted by the taxpayer, that foreign country or political subdivision is not considered as being without jurisdiction by reason of the provisions of a treaty between that foreign country or political subdivision and the United States. D)        A person is not subject to tax in another state or in a foreign country under subsection (a)(1)(B) if that state or country imposes a tax on net income, unless the taxpayer can show a specific provision of that state's or country's constitution, statutes or regulations, or a holding of that state's or country's courts or taxing authorities, that exempts the person from taxation even though that person could be subject to a net income tax under the Constitution and statutes of the United States. 3)         For taxable years ending on or after December 31, 2025, a person is taxable in another state if any member of its unitary business group is taxable in that other state under the tests set forth in subsections (a)(1)(A) or (a)(1)(B). b)         Examples. Section 100.3200 of this Part may be illustrated by the following examples: 1)         EXAMPLE 1. A corporation, although subject to the provisions of the net income tax statute imposed by X state, has never filed income tax returns in that jurisdiction and has never paid income tax to X. For purposes of allocation and apportionment of A's income, A is not taxable in X state because it does not meet the test specified in either subsection (a)(1)(A) or (1)(B). 2)         EXAMPLE 2. B corporation, an Illinois corporation, is actively engaged in manufacturing farm equipment in Y foreign country. Y does not impose a franchise tax measured by net income or a corporate stock tax. It does impose a franchise tax for the privilege of doing business, but B corporation is not subject to that tax because it applies only to corporations incorporated under Y's laws. Y also imposes a net income tax upon foreign corporations doing business within its boundaries, but B is not subject to that tax because the income tax statute grants tax exemption to corporations manufacturing farm equipment. For purposes of allocation and apportionment of B's income, B is taxable in Y country. B does not meet the test specified in subsection (a)(1)(A), but does meet the test specified in subsection (a)(1)(B), since Y has jurisdiction to impose a net income tax on B. 3)         EXAMPLE 3. C corporation sells large mining equipment to customers in foreign country W in April 2022.  The equipment is disassembled before shipping, and employees of C travel to W to re-assemble the equipment.  C's activities in W thus exceed the protections of Public Law 86-272.  However, due to a bilateral treaty between W and the United States, W will impose a net income tax only upon taxpayers maintaining a permanent establishment in W. C's activities in W do not constitute a permanent establishment.  C meets the test specified in subsection (a)(1)(B) because W has jurisdiction to impose a net income tax on C, irrespective of the treaty provision, for tax years ending on or after December 31, 2022. 4)         EXAMPLE 4. Corporations A and B are members of a unitary business group. Corporation A, a corporation located in State X, ships products from Illinois to customers in State Y. Corporation A is exempt from taxation in State Y due to the provisions of Public Law 86-272. State Y does not impose a corporate income tax or similar business tax.  Corporation A is not taxable in State Y because it does not meet the tests specified in subsections (a)(1)(A) or (a)(1)(B). Corporation B has taxable nexus in State Y, and under the test in subsection (a)(1)(B), Corporation B is taxable in State Y. For the combined group's taxable year ending June 30, 2026, the out-of-state sales made by Corporation A to customers in State Y will not be thrown back to Illinois because Corporation B is taxable in the destination state. 5)         EXAMPLE 5. Assume the same facts as in Example 4, except that Corporation B does not have taxable nexus in State Y. For the combined group's taxable year ending June 30, 2026, the out-of-state sales made by Corporation A to State Y will be thrown back to Illinois because no member of the unitary business group is subject to tax in the destination state. 6)         EXAMPLE 6. Corporation A and Subchapter S Corporation B are members of a unitary business group. The group filed separate unitary returns for taxable year ending December 31, 2025, as provided under Section 100.5215 of this Part. Corporation A is located in Illinois and ships products from Illinois to customers in State Y. Corporation A is exempt from taxation in State Y due to the provisions of Public Law 86-272. State Y does not impose a corporate income tax or similar business tax. Corporation A is not taxable in State Y because it does not meet the tests specified in subsections (a)(1)(A) or (a)(1)(B). Subchapter S Corporation B has taxable nexus in State Y, and under the test in subsection (a)(1)(B), is taxable in State Y. Both Corporation A and Subchapter S Corporation B use the unitary business group's everywhere factor or factors in calculating the apportionment fraction denominator. In calculating its apportionment fraction numerator, Corporation A is not required to throw back its sales made to customers in State Y because Subchapter S Corporation B is taxable in the destination state and satisfies the conditions in subsection (a)(1) for the entire unitary business group. 7)         EXAMPLE 7. Corporations G and H are members of a unitary business group. Corporation G, an Illinois corporation, sells services to customers in State A. Corporation G is exempt from taxation in State A. State A does not impose a corporate income tax or similar business tax. Corporation G is not taxable in State A because it does not meet the tests specified in subsections (a)(1)(A) or (a)(1)(B). Corporation H has taxable nexus in State A, and under the test in subsection (a)(1)(B), Corporation H is taxable in State A. For the combined group's taxable year ending December 31, 2025, the sales of services made by Corporation G to customers in State A will not be excluded from the sales factor because Corporation H is taxable in the state where the services were received. 8)         EXAMPLE 8. Assume the same facts as in Example 7, but Corporation H is not taxable in State A. The sales of services made by Corporation G to customers in State A will be excluded from the sales factor because no member of the unitary business group is taxable in the state where the services were received.