LAC 28:CXLII.909. Data Analysis and Measurement

A. Solve problems involving measurement and estimation of liquid volumes and masses of objects. 1. Measure and estimate liquid volumes and masses of objects using standard units of grams, kilograms, and liters. a. Add, subtract, multiply, or divide to solve one-step real-world mathematical tasks involving masses or volumes that are given in the same units to represent the problem. B. Represent and interpret data. 1. Draw a scaled picture graph and a scaled bar graph to represent a data set with several categories. a. Solve one- and two-step “how many more” and “how many less” real-world mathematical tasks using information presented in scaled bar graphs. 2. Generate measurement data by measuring lengths using rulers marked with halves and fourths of an inch. a. Show the data by making a line plot, where the horizontal scale is marked off in appropriate units—whole numbers, halves, or quarters. C. Understand concepts of area and relate area to multiplication and to addition. 1. Recognize area as an attribute of plane figures and understand concepts of area measurement. a. A square with side length 1 unit, called “a unit square,” is said to have “one square unit” of area, and can be used to measure area. b. A plane figure has an area of n square units if it can be covered entirely, without any gaps or overlaps, by n unit squares. 2. Measure areas by counting unit squares. 3. Relate area to the operations of multiplication and equal groups of addition. a. Find the area of a rectangle with whole-number side lengths by tiling it, and connect that the area is the same as multiplying the side lengths. b. Multiply side lengths to find areas of rectangles with whole-number side lengths in the context of solving real-world mathematical tasks, and represent whole-number products as rectangular areas in mathematical reasoning. c. Use tiling to show in a concrete case that the area of a rectangle with whole-number side lengths a and b + c is the sum of a x b and a x c. Use area models to represent the distributive property in mathematical reasoning. D. Recognize perimeter as an attribute of plane figures and distinguish between linear and area measures. 1. Solve real-world mathematical tasks involving perimeters of polygons, to include finding the perimeter given the side lengths, finding an unknown side length, and exhibiting rectangles with the same perimeter and different areas or with the same area and different perimeters. E. Work with time and money. 1. Understand time to the nearest minutes. a. Tell, write, and represent time to the nearest minute and measure time intervals in minutes, within 60 minutes, on an analog and digital clock. b. Calculate elapsed time greater than 60 minutes to the nearest quarter and half hour on a number line diagram. c. Solve real-world mathematical tasks involving addition and subtraction of time intervals in minutes, e.g., by representing the problem on a number line diagram. 2. Solve real-world mathematical tasks involving at least two steps and using the four operations with pennies, nickels, dimes, quarters, and bills greater than one dollar, using the $ and ¢ symbols appropriately.