LAC 33:V.199. Appendices—Appendices A and B

A. Appendix A―Equations for the Development of Soil and Groundwater Standards SoilNHEM―Carcinogenic Effects―Organic Constituents (mg/kg): (EQ1) Parameter | Definition (units) | Input Value SoilNHEM | NHEM industrial risk-based chemical concentration in soil/ sediment (mg/kg) | -- TR | Target excess individual lifetime cancer risk (unitless) | 10-5 SFo | Oral cancer slope factor ((mg/kg-day)-1) | CSa SFi | Inhalation cancer slope factor ((mg/kg-day)-1) | CSa BWa | Average adult body weight (kg) | 70b ATc | Averaging time―carcinogens (yr) | 70b EFi | Industrial exposure frequency (days/yr) | 250b EDi | Industrial exposure duration (yr) | 25b IRSi | Industrial soil ingestion rate (mg/day) | 50b IRAa | Adult inhalation rate (m3/day) | 20c VFi | Industrial soil-to-air volatilization factor (m3/kg) | CSd SAi | Skin surface area for an industrial worker (cm2/day) | 3,300c AFi | Soil-to-skin adherence factor for an industrial worker (mg/cm2) | 0.2c ABS | Dermal absorption factor (unitless) | CSc a Chemical-specific; refer to EPA’s Integrated Risk Information System (http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/index.html) or other appropriate EPA reference. b Soil Screening Guidance: User’s Guide, EPA 1996. c Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund Volume I Human Health Evaluation Manual (Part E, Supplemental Guidance for Dermal Risk Assessment), EPA/540/R-99/005. d Chemical-specific; refer to EQ5. e Chemical-specific; refer to Table A-1. SoilNHEM―Carcinogenic Effects―Inorganic Constituents (mg/kg): (EQ2) Parameter | Definition (units) | Input Value SoilNHEM | NHEM industrial risk-based chemical concentration in soil/ sediment (mg/kg) | -- TR | Target excess individual lifetime cancer risk (unitless) | 10-5 SFo | Oral cancer slope factor ((mg/kg-day)-1) | CSb BWa | Average adult body weight (kg) | 70b ATc | Averaging time―carcinogens (yr) | 70b EFi | Industrial exposure frequency (days/yr) | 250b EDi | Industrial exposure duration (yr) | 25b IRSi | Industrial soil ingestion rate (mg/day) | 50b SAi | Skin surface area for an industrial worker (cm2/day) | 3,300c AFi | Soil-to-skin adherence factor for an industrial worker (mg/cm2) | 0.2c ABS | Dermal absorption factor (unitless) | CSd a Chemical-specific; refer to EPA’s Integrated Risk Information System (http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/index.html) or other appropriate EPA reference. b Soil Screening Guidance: User’s Guide, EPA 1996. c Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund Volume I Human Health Evaluation Manual (Part E, Supplemental Guidance for Dermal Risk Assessment), EPA/540/R-99/005. d Chemical-specific; refer to EQ5. e Chemical-specific; refer to Table A-1. SoilNHEM―Noncarcinogenic Effects―Organic Constituents (mg/kg): (EQ3) Parameter | Definition (units) | Input Value SoilNHEM | NHEM industrial risk-based chemical concentration in soil/ sediment (mg/kg) | -- THQ | Target hazard quotient (unitless) | 10 RfDo | Oral reference dose (mg/kg-day) | CSa RfDi | Inhalation reference dose (mg/kg-day) | CSa BWa | Average adult body weight (kg) | 70b ATni | Averaging time―noncarcinogens, industrial (yr) | 25b EFi | Industrial exposure frequency (days/yr) | 250b EDi | Industrial exposure duration (yr) | 25b IRSi | Industrial soil ingestion rate (mg/day) | 50b IRAa | Adult inhalation rate (m3/day) | 20c VFi | Industrial soil-to-air volatilization factor (m3/kg) | CSd SAi | Skin surface area for an industrial worker (cm2/day) | 3,300c AFi | Soil-to-skin adherence factor for an industrial worker (mg/cm2) | 0.2c ABS | Dermal absorption factor (unitless) | CSc a Chemical-specific; refer to EPA’s Integrated Risk Information System (http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/index.html) or other appropriate EPA reference. b Soil Screening Guidance: User’s Guide, EPA 1996. c Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund Volume I Human Health Evaluation Manual (Part E, Supplemental Guidance for Dermal Risk Assessment), EPA/540/R-99/005. d Chemical-specific; refer to EQ5. e Chemical-specific; refer to Table A-1. SoilNHEM―Noncarcinogenic Effects―Inorganic Constituents (mg/kg): (EQ4) Parameter | Definition (units) | Input Value SoilNHEM | NHEM industrial risk-based chemical concentration in soil/ sediment (mg/kg) | -- THQ | Target hazard quotient (unitless) | 10 RfDo | Oral reference dose (mg/kg-day) | CSa BWa | Average adult body weight (kg) | 70b ATni | Averaging time - noncarcinogens, industrial (yr) | 70b EFi | Industrial exposure frequency (days/yr) | 250b EDi | Industrial exposure duration (yr) | 25b IRSi | Industrial soil ingestion rate (mg/day) | 50b SAi | Skin surface area for an industrial worker (cm2/day) | 3,300c AFi | Soil-to-skin adherence factor for an industrial worker (mg/cm2) | 0.2c ABS | Dermal absorption factor (unitless) | CSd a Chemical-specific; refer to EPA’s Integrated Risk Information System (http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/index.html) or other appropriate EPA reference. b Soil Screening Guidance: User’s Guide, EPA 1996. c Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund Volume I Human Health Evaluation Manual (Part E, Supplemental Guidance for Dermal Risk Assessment), EPA/540/R-99/005. d Chemical-specific; refer to EQ5. e Chemical-specific; refer to Table A-1. VFi―Volatilization Factor―Organic Constituents (m3/kg): (EQ5) where: (EQ6) Parameter | Definition (units) | Input Value VFi | Industrial soil-to-air volatilization factor (m3/kg) | -- DA | Apparent diffusivity (cm2/s) | -- Q/C | Inverse of the mean concentration at the center of source (g/m2-s per kg/m3) | 79.25 T | Exposure interval―industrial (s) | 7.9E+08a ρb | Dry soil bulk density (g/cm3) | 1.7b θa | Air-filled soil porosity (Lair/Lsoil) | n-θw n | Total soil porosity (Lpore/Lsoil) | 1 - (ρb/ρs) θw | Water-filled soil porosity (Lwater/Lsoil) | 0.21b ρs | Soil particle density (g/cm3) | 2.65b Di | Diffusivity in air (cm2/s) | CSc H’ | Henry’s Law Constant (dimensionless) | CSc,d Dw | Diffusivity in water (cm2/s) | CSc Kd | Soil-water partition coefficient (cm3/g) = Koc x foc | CSc Koc | Soil organic carbon partition coefficient (cm3/g) | CSc foc | Fractional organic carbon in soil (g/g) = percent organic matter/174 (ASTM 2974) | 0.006b a Soil Screening Guidance: User’s Guide, EPA 1996. b LDEQ default value. c Chemical-specific. d H’ = H x 41 where: H = Henry’s Law Constant (atm-m3/mol); R = Universal Law Constant (0.0000821 atm-m3/mole- oK); and T = Absolute temperature of soil (oK) [273 + oC (25oC)]. Table A-1 Dermal Absorption Factors 1 Constituent | ABS (unitless) Arsenic | 0.03 Cadmium | 0.001 Chlordane | 0.04 2,4-D | 0.05 DDT | 0.03 Gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane | 0.04 TCDD | 0.03 Pentachlorophenol | 0.25 Polychlorinated biphenyls | 0.14 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons | 0.13 Other semivolatile organic constituents | 0.10 Other inorganic constituents (metals) | 0 Volatile constituents | 0 1 Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund Volume I: Human Health Evaluation Manual (Part E, Supplemental Guidance for Dermal Risk Assessment), Interim Guidance. EPA 2004. EPA/540/R-99/005. GWNHEM―Carcinogenic Effects―Volatile Constituents (mg/l): (EQ7) Parameter | Definition (units) | Input Value GWNHEM | NHEM chemical concentration in groundwater (mg/l) | -- TR | Target excess individual lifetime cancer risk (unitless) | 10-5 SFo | Oral cancer slope factor ((mg/kg-day)-1) | CSa SFi | Inhalation cancer slope factor ((mg/kg-day)-1) | CSa ATc | Averaging time―carcinogens (yr) | 70b EFni | Industrial exposure frequency (days/yr) | 350b IRWadj | Age-adjusted water ingestion rate (L-yr/kg-day) | 1.1b IRAadj | Age-adjusted inhalation rate (m3-yr/kg-day) | 11b Kw | Water-to-indoor air volatilization factor (L/m3) | 0.5c,d DF | Dilution and Attenuation Factor (unitless) | 100c a Chemical-specific: refer to EPA’s Integrated Risk Information System (http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/index.html) or other appropriate EPA reference. b Human Health Medium-Specific Screening Levels, EPA Region VI, 2003. c Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund Volume I Human Health Evaluation Manual (Part B, Development of Risk-Based Preliminary Remedial Goals), EPA 1991. d The water-air concentration relationship represented by the volatilization factor (Kw) is applicable only to chemicals with a Henry’s Law Constant of greater than 1E-05 atm-m3/mole and a molecular weight of less than 200 g/mole. GWNHEM―Noncarcinogenic Effects―Volatile Constituents (mg/l): (EQ8) Parameter | Definition (units) | Input Value GWNHEM | NHEM chemical concentration in groundwater (mg/l) | -- THQ | Target hazard quotient (unitless) | 10 RfDi | Inhalation reference dose (mg/kg-day) | CSa RfDo | Oral reference dose (mg/kg-day) | CSa BWa | Average adult body weight (kg) | 70b ATnni | Averaging time―noncarcinogens, non-industrial (yr) | 30b EFni | Non-industrial exposure frequency (days/yr) | 350b EDni | Industrial exposure duration (yr) | 30b IRWa | Adult water ingestion rate (L/day) | 20b IRAa | Adult inhalation rate (m3/day) | 20b Kw | Water-to-indoor air volatilization factor (L/m3) | 0.5c,d DF | Dilution Factor (unitless) | 100 a Chemical-specific: refer to EPA’s Integrated Risk Information System (http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/index.html) or other appropriate EPA reference. b Human Health Medium-Specific Screening Levels, EPA Region VI, 2003. c Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund Volume I Human Health Evaluation Manual (Part B, Development of Risk-Based Preliminary Remedial Goals), EPA 1991. d The water-air concentration relationship represented by the volatilization factor (Kw) is applicable only to chemicals with a Henry’s Law Constant of greater than 1E-05 atm-m3/mole and a molecular weight of less than 200 g/mole. GWNHEM―Carcinogenic Effects―Non-Volatile Constituents (mg/l): (EQ9) Parameter | Definition (units) | Input Value GWNHEM | NHEM chemical concentration in groundwater (mg/l) | -- TR | Target excess individual lifetime cancer risk (unitless) | 10-5 a SFo | Oral cancer slope factor ((mg/kg-day)-1) | CSb ATc | Averaging time―carcinogens (yr) | 70a EFni | Non-industrial exposure frequency (days/yr) | 350a IRWadj | Age-adjusted water ingestion rate (L-yr/kg-day) | 1.1a DF | Dilution Factor (unitless) | 100 a Chemical-specific; refer to EPA’s Integrated Risk Information System (http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/index.html) or other appropriate EPA reference. b Human Health Medium-Specific Screening Levels, EPA Region VI, 2003. GWNHEM―Noncarcinogenic Effects―Non-Volatile Constituents (mg/l): (EQ10) Parameter | Definition (units) | Input Value GWNHEM | NHEM chemical concentration in groundwater (mg/l) | -- THQ | Target hazard quotient (unitless) | 10 RfDo | Oral reference dose (mg/kg-day) | CSa BWa | Average adult body weight (kg) | 70b ATnni | Averaging time―noncarcinogens, non-industrial (yr) | 30b EFni | Non-industrial exposure frequency (days/yr) | 350b EDni | Non-industrial exposure duration (yr) | 30b IRWa | Adult water ingestion rate (L/day) | 2b DF | Dilution Factor (unitless) | 100 a Chemical-specific; refer to EPA’s Integrated Risk Information System (http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/index.html) or other appropriate EPA reference. b Human Health Medium-Specific Screening Levels, EPA Region VI, 2003. B. Appendix B―Examples of Potentially Incompatible Waste1 1. Many hazardous wastes, when mixed with other waste or materials at a hazardous waste facility, can produce effects that are harmful to human health and the environment, such as: a. heat or pressure; b. fire or explosion; c. violent reaction; d. toxic dusts, mists, fumes, or gases; or e. flammable fumes or gases. 2. Paragraph 5 of this Appendix contains examples of potentially incompatible wastes, waste components, and materials, along with the harmful consequences that result from mixing materials in one group with materials in another group. Paragraph 5 is intended as a guide to owners or operators of treatment, storage, and disposal facilities, and to enforcement and permit-granting officials, to indicate the need for special precautions when managing these potentially incompatible waste materials or components. 3. The tables in Paragraph 5 are not intended to be exhaustive. An owner or operator must, as the regulations require, adequately analyze his wastes so that he can avoid creating uncontrolled substances or reactions of the types listed in Paragraph 5, whether they are listed in Paragraph 5 or not. 4. It is possible for potentially incompatible wastes to be mixed in a way that precludes a reaction (e.g., adding acid to water rather than water to acid) or that neutralizes them (e.g., a strong acid mixed with a strong base), or that controls substances produced (e.g., by generating flammable gases in a closed tank equipped so that ignition cannot occur, and burning the gases in an incinerator). 5. In the tables below, the mixing of a Group A material with a Group B material may have the potential consequence as noted. Group 1 Materials Group 1-A: Acetylene sludge Alkaline caustic liquids Alkaline cleaner Alkaline corrosive liquids Alkaline corrosive battery fluid Caustic wastewater Lime sludge and other corrosive alkalis Lime wastewater Lime and water Spent caustic Group 1-B: Acid sludge Acid and water Battery acid Chemical cleaners Electrolyte, acid Etching acid liquid or solvent Pickling liquor and other corrosive acids Spent acid Spent mixed acid Spent sulfuric acid Potential Consequences: Heat generation or violent reaction Group 2 Materials Group 2-A: Aluminum Beryllium Calcium Lithium Magnesium Potassium Sodium Zinc powder Other reactive metals and metal hydrides Group 2-B: Any waste in Group 1-A or 1-B Potential Consequences: Fire or explosion; generation of flammable hydrogen gas Group 3 Materials Group 3-A: Alcohols Water Group 3-B: Any concentrated waste in Group 1-A or 1-B Calcium Lithium Metal hydrides Potassium SO2Cl2, SOCl2, PCl3, CH3SiCl3 Other water-reactive waste Potential Consequences: Fire, explosion, or heat generation; generation of flammable or toxic gases Group 4 Materials Group 4-A: Alcohols Aldehydes Halogenated hydrocarbons Nitrated hydrocarbons Unsaturated hydrocarbons Other reactive organic compounds and solvents Group 4-B: Concentrated Group 1-A or 1-B wastes Group 2-A wastes Potential Consequences: Fire, explosion, or violent reaction Group 5 Materials Group 5-A: Spent cyanide and sulfide solutions Group 5-B: Group 1-B wastes Potential Consequences: Generation of toxic hydrogen cyanide or hydrogen sulfide gas Group 6 Materials Group 6-A: Chlorates Chlorine Chlorites Chromic acid Hypochlorites Nitrates Nitric acid, fuming Perchlorates Permanganates Peroxides Other strong oxidizers Group 6-B: Acetic acid and other organic acids Concentrated mineral acids Group 2-A wastes Group 4-A wastes Other flammable and combustible wastes Potential Consequences: Fire, explosion, or violent reaction 1 Source: “Law, Regulations, and Guidelines for Handling of Hazardous Waste.” California Department of Health, February 1975.