Bank (Naturally Occurring Banks and Beaches)

(1) Preamble. Banks are likely to be significant to public or private water supply, to ground water supply, to flood control, to storm damage prevention, to the prevention of pollution and to the protection of fisheries and wildlife habitat. Where Banks are composed of concrete, asphalt or other artificial impervious material, said Banks are likely to be significant to flood control and storm damage prevention. Banks are areas where ground water discharges to the surface and where, under some circumstances, surface water recharges the ground water. Where Banks are partially or totally vegetated, the vegetation serves to maintain the Banks' stability, which in turn protects water quality by reducing erosion and siltation. Banks may also provide shade that moderates water temperatures, as well as providing breeding habitat, escape cover and food, all of which are significant to the protection of fisheries. Banks which drop off quickly or overhang the water's edge often contain numerous undercuts which are favorite hiding spots for important game species such as largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). 10.54: continued The topography, plant community composition and structure, and soil structure of banks together provide important food, shelter, migratory and overwintering areas, and breeding areas for wildlife. Topography plays a role in determining the suitability of banks to serve as burrowing or feeding habitat. Soil structure also plays a role in determining the suitability for burrowing, hibernation and other cover. Bank topography and soil structure impact the bank's vegetative structure, as well. Bushes and other undergrowth, trees, vegetation extending from the bank into the water, and vegetation growing along the water's edge are also important to a wide variety of wildlife. A number of tubers and berry bushes also grow in banks and serve as important food for wildlife. Finally, banks may provide important shelter for wildlife which needs to move between wetland areas. Banks act to confine floodwaters during the most frequent storms, preventing the spread of water to adjacent land. Because Banks confine water during such storms to an established channel they maintain water temperatures and depths necessary for the protection of fisheries. The maintenance of cool water temperatures during warm weather is critical to the survival of important game species such as brook trout (Salvelinus frontinalis), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) and brown trout (Salmo trutta). An alteration of a Bank that permits water to frequently and consistently spread over a large and more shallow area increases the amount of property which is routinely flooded, as well as elevating water temperature and reducing fish habitat within the main channel, particularly during warm weather. (2) Definition, Critical Characteristics and Boundary. (a) A Bank is the portion of the land surface which normally abuts and confines a water body. It occurs between a water body and a vegetated bordering wetland and adjacent flood plain, or, in the absence of these, it occurs between a water body and an upland. A Bank may be partially or totally vegetated, or it may be comprised of exposed soil, gravel or stone. (b) The physical characteristics of a Bank, as well as its location, as described in 310 CMR 10.54(2)(a), are critical to the protection of the interests specified in 310 CMR 10.54(1). (c) The upper boundary of a Bank is the first observable break in the slope or the mean annual flood level, whichever is lower. The lower boundary of a Bank is the mean annual low flow level. (3) Presumption. Where a proposed activity involves the removing, filling, dredging or altering of a Bank, the issuing authority shall presume that such area is significant to the interests specified in 310 CMR 10.54(1). This presumption is rebuttable and may be overcome upon a clear showing that the Bank does not play a role in the protection of said interests. In the event that the presumption is deemed to have been overcome, the issuing authority shall make a written determination to this effect, setting forth its grounds (Form 6). (4) General Performance Standard. (a) Where the presumption set forth in 310 CMR 10.54(3) is not overcome, any proposed work on a Bank shall not impair the following: 1. the physical stability of the Bank; 2. the water carrying capacity of the existing channel within the Bank; 3. ground water and surface water quality; 4. the capacity of the Bank to provide breeding habitat, escape cover and food for fisheries; 5. the capacity of the Bank to provide important wildlife habitat functions. A project or projects on a single lot, for which Notice(s) of Intent is filed on or after November 1, 1987, that (cumulatively) alter(s) up to 10% or 50 feet (whichever is less) of the length of the bank found to be significant to the protection of wildlife habitat, shall not be deemed to impair its capacity to provide important wildlife habitat functions. In the case of a bank of a river or an intermittent stream, the impact shall be measured on each side of the stream or river. Additional alterations beyond the above threshold may be permitted if they will have no adverse effects on wildlife habitat, as determined by procedures contained in 310 CMR 10.60. 10.54: continued 6. Work on a stream crossing shall be presumed to meet the performance standard set forth in 310 CMR 10.54(4)(a) provided the work is performed in compliance with the Massachusetts Stream Crossing Standards by consisting of a span or embedded culvert in which, at a minimum, the bottom of a span structure or the upper surface of an embedded culvert is above the elevation of the top of the bank, and the structure spans the channel width by a minimum of 1.2 times the bankfull width. This presumption is rebuttable and may be overcome by the submittal of credible evidence from a competent source. Notwithstanding the requirement of 310 CMR 10.54(4)(a)5., the impact on bank caused by the installation of a stream crossing is exempt from the requirement to perform a habitat evaluation in accordance with the procedures contained in 310 CMR 10.60. (b) Notwithstanding the provisions of 310 CMR 10.54(4)(a), structures may be permitted in or on a Bank when required to prevent flood damage to facilities, buildings and roads constructed prior to the effective date of 310 CMR 10.51 through 10.60 or constructed pursuant to a Notice of Intent filed prior to the effective date of 310 CMR 10.51 through 10.60 (April 1, 1983), including the renovation or reconstruction (but not substantial enlargement) of such facilities, buildings and roads, provided that the following requirements are met: 1. The proposed protective structure, renovation or reconstruction is designed and constructed using best practical measures so as to minimize adverse effects on the characteristics and functions of the resource area; 2. The applicant demonstrates that there is no reasonable method of protecting, renovating or rebuilding the facility in question other than the one proposed. (c) Notwithstanding the provisions of 310 CMR 10.54(4)(a) or (b), no project may be permitted which will have any adverse effect on specified habitat sites of Rare Species, as identified by procedures established under 310 CMR 10.59.