Land under Water Bodies and Waterways (under any Creek, River, Stream, Pond or Lake)

(1) Preamble. Land under Water Bodies and Waterways is likely to be significant to public and private water supply, to ground water supply, to flood control, to storm damage prevention, to prevention of pollution and to protection of fisheries and wildlife habitat. Where such land is composed of concrete, asphalt or other artificial impervious material, said land is likely to be significant to flood control and storm damage prevention. Where Land under Water Bodies and Waterways is composed of pervious material, such land represents a point of exchange between surface and ground water. The physical nature of Land under Water Bodies and Waterways is highly variable, ranging from deep organic and fine sedimentary deposits to rocks and bedrock. The organic soils and sediments play an important role in the process of detaining and removing dissolved and particulate nutrients (such as nitrogen and phosphorous) from the surface water above. They also serve as traps for toxic substances (such as heavy metal compounds). Land under Water Bodies and Waterways, in conjunction with banks, serves to confine floodwater within a definite channel during the most frequent storms. Filling within this channel blocks flows which in turn causes backwater and overbank flooding during such storms. An alteration of Land under Water Bodies and Waterways that causes water to frequently spread out over a larger area at a lower depth increases the amount of property which is routinely flooded. Additionally, it results in an elevation of water temperature and a decrease in habitat in the main channel, both of which are detrimental to fisheries, particularly during periods of warm weather and low flows. Land under rivers, streams and creeks that is composed of gravel allows the circulation of cold, well oxygenated water necessary for the survival of important game fish species such as brook trout (Salvelinus frontinalis), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), brown trout (Salmo trutto) and atlantic salmon (Salmon salar). River, stream and creek bottoms with a diverse structure composed of gravel, large and small boulders and rock outcrops provides escape cover and resting areas for the above mentioned game fish species (salmonids). Such bottom type also provides areas for the production of aquatic insects essential to fisheries. Land under ponds and lakes is vital to a large assortment of warm water fish during spawning periods. Species such as large mouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieui), blue gills (Lepomis macrochirus), pumpkinseeds (Lepomis gibbosus), black crappie (Pomoxis nigromaculatus) and rock bass (Ambloplites rupestris) build nests on the lake and bottom substrates within which they shed fertilize their eggs. The plant community composition and structure, hydrologic regime, topography, soil composition and water quality of land under water bodies and waterways provide important food, shelter, migratory and overwintering areas, and breeding areas for wildlife. Certain submerged, rooted vegetation is eaten by water fowl and some mammals. Some amphibians (as well as some invertebrate species eaten by vertebrate wildlife) attach their eggs to such vegetation. Some aquatic vegetation protruding out of the water is also used for nesting, and many species use dead vegetation resting on land under water but protruding above the surface for feeding and basking Soil composition is also important for hibernation and for animals which begin to burrow their tunnels under water. Hydrologic regime, topography, and water quality not only affect vegetation, but also determine which species feed in an area. 10.56: continued (2) Definition, Critical Characteristics and Boundaries. (a) Land under Water Bodies and Waterways is the land beneath any creek, river, stream, pond or lake. Said land may be composed of organic muck or peat, fine sediments, rocks or bedrock. (b) The physical characteristics and location of Land under Water Bodies and Waterways specified in 310 CMR 10.56(2)(a) are critical to the protection of the interests specified in 310 CMR 10.56(1). (c) The boundary of Land under Water Bodies and Waterways is the mean annual low water level. (3) Presumption. Where a project involves removing, filling, dredging or altering of Land under Water Bodies and Waterways, the issuing authority shall presume that such area is significant to the interests specified in 310 CMR 10.56(1). This presumption is rebuttable and may be overcome upon a clear showing that said land does not play a role in the protection of said interests. In the event that the presumption is deemed to have been overcome, the issuing authority shall make a written determination to this effect, setting forth the grounds (Form 6). (4) General Performance Standards. (a) Where the presumption set forth in 310 CMR 10.56(3) is not overcome, any proposed work within Land under Water Bodies and Waterways shall not impair the following: 1. The water carrying capacity within the defined channel, which is provided by said land in conjunction with the banks; 2. Ground and surface water quality; 3. The capacity of said land to provide breeding habitat, escape cover and food for fisheries; and 4. The capacity of said land to provide important wildlife habitat functions. A project or projects on a single lot, for which Notice(s) of intent is filed on or after November 1, 1987, that (cumulatively) alter(s) up to 10% or 5,000 square feet (whichever is less) of land in this resource area found to be significant to the protection of wildlife habitat, shall not be deemed to impair its capacity to provide important wildlife habitat functions. Additional alterations beyond the above threshold may be permitted if they will have no adverse effects on wildlife habitat, as determined by procedures established under 310 CMR 10.60. 5. Work on a stream crossing shall be presumed to meet the performance standard set forth in 310 CMR 10.56(4)(a) provided the work is performed in compliance with the Massachusetts Stream Crossing Standards by consisting of a span or embedded culvert in which, at a minimum, the bottom of a span structure or the upper surface of an embedded culvert is above the elevation of the top of the bank, and the structure spans the channel width by a minimum of 1.2 times the bankfull width. This presumption is rebuttable and may be overcome by the submittal of credible evidence from a competent source. Notwithstanding the requirements of 310 CMR 10.56(4)(a)4., the impact on Land under Water Bodies and Waterways caused by the installation of a stream crossing is exempt from the requirement to perform a habitat evaluation in accordance with the procedures established under 310 CMR 10.60. (b) Notwithstanding the provisions of 310 CMR 10.56(4)(a), the issuing authority may issue an Order in accordance with M.G.L. c. 131, § 40 to maintain or improve boat channels within Land under Water Bodies and Waterways when said work is designed and carried out using the best practical measures so as to minimize adverse effects such as the suspension or transport of pollutants, increases in turbidity, the smothering of bottom organisms, the accumulation of pollutants by organisms or the destruction of fisheries habitat or nutrient source areas. (c) Notwithstanding the provisions of 310 CMR 10.56(4)(a) or (b), no project may be permitted which will have any adverse effect on specified habitat sites of rare vertebrate or invertebrate species, as identified by procedures established under 310 CMR 10.59.