General Unfair or Deceptive Acts or Practices

It shall constitute an unfair or deceptive act or practice to engage in any of the following practices to collect or attempt to collect any debt: (1) Any false representation that the creditor has information in his or her possession or something of value for the debtor. (2) Any knowingly false or misleading representation in any communication as to the character, extent or amount of the debt, or as to its status in any legal proceeding, provided, however, that an incorrect or estimated bill submitted by a gas or electric utility company regulated by M.G.L. c. 164, and the Department of Public Utilities shall not be prohibited by 940 CMR 7.07. (3) Any false or misleading representation that a creditor is vouched for, bonded by, affiliated with, or is an instrumentality, agency, or official of the state, federal or local government. (4) Any false or misleading representation that a creditor is an attorney or any other officer of the court. (5) The use, distribution or sale of any written communication which simulates, or which is falsely represented to be, or which otherwise would reasonably create a false impression that it was, a document authorized, issued or approved by a court, a government official or other governmental authority. (6) Any representation that an existing obligation of a debtor may be increased by the addition of attorney's fees, investigation fees, service fees, or any other fees or charges, if in fact such fees or charges may not legally be added to the existing obligation. (7) Any solicitation or obtaining of any written statement or acknowledgement in any form containing an affirmation of any obligation by a debtor who has been adjudicated bankrupt, without clearly and conspicuously disclosing the nature and consequences of such affirmation. (8) Any false, deceptive, or misleading representation, communication, or means in connection with the collection of any debt or to obtain information concerning a debtor. (9) Any false or misleading representation or implication that a sale, referral, or other transfer of any interest in a debt shall cause the debtor to: (a) lose any claim or defense to payment of the debt; or (b) become subject to any practice prohibited by 940 CMR 7.00. (10) Any false or misleading representation or implication that the debtor committed any crime or other conduct in order to disgrace the debtor. (11) Communicating or threatening to communicate to any person credit information which is known or which should be known to be false including, without limitation, the failure to communicate that a disputed debt is disputed. (12) Any false or misleading representation or implication that documents are legal processes. (13) Any false or misleading representation or implication that documents are not legal processes or do not require action by the debtor. (14) Any false or misleading representation or implication that a creditor operates or is employed by a consumer reporting agency. (15) Using any business, company or organization name other than the true name of the creditor's business, company or organization. (16) The collection of any amount (including interest, fees, charges or expenses incidental to the principal obligation) unless such amount is expressly authorized by the agreement creating the debt or permitted by law. (17) Requesting or demanding from a debtor a post dated check, draft, order for withdrawal or other similar instrument or method in payment for the debt or any portion thereof, or for a creditor to negotiate such instrument before the due date of the instrument. (18) Taking or threatening to take any non-judicial action to effect dispossession or disablement of property if: (a) there is no present right to possession of the property claimed as collateral through a court order or an enforceable security interest; (b) there is no present intention to take possession of the property; (c) the creditor knows or has reason to know that demands for payment and/or legal notices were not directed to the debtor's current address; or (d) the property is exempt from seizure on execution because its value does not exceed the value for exemption set forth in M.G.L. c. 235, § 34, or the property is otherwise exempt by law from such dispossession or disablement; 940 CMR 7.07(18)(d) shall not apply to first mortgage foreclosures properly conducted in accordance with Massachusetts law. (19) Taking possession of or selling upon execution property that is exempt from seizure on execution because its value does not exceed the value for exemption set forth in M.G.L. c. 235, § 34, or the property is otherwise exempt by law from such dispossession or disablement; 940 CMR 7.07(19) shall not apply to first mortgage foreclosures properly conducted in accordance with Massachusetts law. (20) Communicating with a debtor regarding a debt by postcard. (21) Reporting to a consumer reporting agency on transactions or experiences with a debtor in a name other than that of the creditor. (22) Failing to disclose the telephone number and office hours of the creditor or his agents on all written communications to the debtor. (23) Requesting any information about the debtor or the debtor's accounts or assets other than information the creditor, in good faith, believes will assist in the collection of the debt owed to the creditor. (24) Collecting or attempting to collect from any person payment of any debt that the creditor knows, or has reason to know based on a good faith determination, is a time-barred debt, or seeking or obtaining from any person an admission, affirmation, acknowledgement of a new promise to pay, or any waiver of legal rights or defenses with regard to any debt that the creditor knows or has reason to know is a time-barred debt, unless the creditor discloses that the debt may be unenforceable through a lawsuit because the time for filing suit may have expired, and that the debtor is not required by law to sign any admission, affirmation, or acknowledgement of, or new promise to pay the debt, or to make any payment on the debt, or to waive any rights with regard to the effect of the running of the applicable statute of limitations. (a) A creditor who makes the following disclosure shall be deemed to have complied with the requirements of 940 CMR 7.07(24): WE ARE REQUIRED BY REGULATION OF THE MASSACHUSETTS ATTORNEY GENERAL TO NOTIFY YOU OF THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION. THIS INFORMATION IS NOT LEGAL ADVICE: THIS DEBT MAY BE TOO OLD FOR YOU TO BE SUED ON IT IN COURT. IF IT IS TOO OLD, YOU CANNOT BE REQUIRED TO PAY IT THROUGH A LAWSUIT. TAKE NOTE: YOU CAN RENEW THE DEBT AND THE STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS FOR THE FILING OF A LAWSUIT AGAINST YOU IF YOU DO ANY OF THE FOLLOWING: MAKE ANY PAYMENT ON THE DEBT, SIGN A PAPER IN WHICH YOU ADMIT THAT YOU OWE THE DEBT OR IN WHICH YOU MAKE A NEW PROMISE TO PAY; SIGN A PAPER IN WHICH YOU GIVE UP OR WAIVE YOUR RIGHT TO STOP THE CREDITOR FROM SUING YOU IN COURT TO COLLECT THE DEBT. WHILE THIS DEBT MAY NOT BE ENFORCEABLE THROUGH A LAWSUIT, IT MAY STILL AFFECT YOUR ABILITY TO OBTAIN CREDIT OR AFFECT YOUR CREDIT SCORE OR RATING. (b) In the case of written communications, the disclosures required by 940 CMR 7.07(24)(b) shall be clear and conspicuous by appearing in a type which is a minimum of eight-point type and said disclosure shall be placed on the front page of the communication; (c) In the case of oral communications, the disclosures required by 940 CMR 7.07(24)(c) shall be made immediately before or immediately after the first statement requesting payment, or, if no request for payment is made, no later than immediately after reference to the debt is first made.