R 408.40925 Definitions A to Q.

Rule 925. (1) "Angle of repose" means the maximum permissible slope as determined by table 1. (2) “Benching” means a method of protecting employees from cave-ins by excavating the sides of an excavation to form 1 or a series of horizontal levels or steps, usually with vertical or near-vertical surfaces between levels. (3) "Braces" or "struts" means the horizontal cross members of a shoring system that bear against the uprights or stringers. (4) “Cave-in” means the separation of a mass of soil or rock material from the side of an excavation, or the loss of soil from under a trench shield or support system, and its sudden movement into the excavation, either by falling or sliding, in sufficient quantity so that it could entrap, bury, or otherwise injure and immobilize a person. (5) “Competent person” means an individual who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings or working conditions which are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and who has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them. (6) "Excavation" means any man-made cut, cavity, trench, or depression in the earth's surface, including its sides, walls, or faces, formed by earth removal. (7) "Hazardous atmosphere" means an atmosphere which by reason of being any of the following, may cause death, illness, or injury: (a) Explosive. (b) Flammable. (c) Poisonous. (d) Corrosive. (e) Oxidizing. (f) Irritating. (g) Oxygen deficient. (h) Toxic. (i) Otherwise harmful. (8) "Kickout" means the accidental release or failure of a stringer or brace. (9) “Protective system” means a method of protecting employees from cave-ins, from material that could fall or roll from an excavation face or into an excavation, or from the collapse of adjacent structures. Protective systems include support systems, sloping and benching systems, shield systems, and other systems that provide the necessary protection. (10) "Qualified person" means an individual who, by possession of a recognized degree or certificate of professional standing, or who, by extensive knowledge, training, and experience, has successfully demonstrated the ability to solve or resolve problems relating to the subject matter and work. (11) “Ramp” means an inclined walking or working surface that is used to gain access to 1 point from another and is constructed from earth or from structural materials such as steel or wood. (12) “Registered professional engineer” means a person who is registered as a professional engineer in the state where the work is to be performed. However, a professional engineer, registered in any state is deemed to be a registered professional engineer within the meaning of this standard when approving designs for manufactured protective systems or tabulated data to be used in interstate commerce.