R 323.2414 Pathogens.

Rule 2414. (1) This rule contains both of the following: (a) The requirements for biosolids to be classified either class A or class B with respect to pathogens. (b) The site restrictions for land on which a class B biosolid is applied. (2) All of the following requirements apply to class A biosolids: (a) The requirement in subdivision (b) of this subrule and the requirements in subdivision (c), (d), (e), (f), or (g) of this subrule shall be met for biosolids to be classified class A with respect to pathogens. (b) The class A pathogen requirements in subdivisions (c) to (g) of this subrule shall be met either before meeting the vector attraction reduction requirements in R 323.2415 or at the same time that the vector attraction reduction requirements in R 323.2415 are met, except when the vector attraction reduction requirements in R 323.2415(4)(f) to (h) are met. (c) Both of the following provisions apply to class A alternative 1, which is not applicable for composting: (i) Either the density of fecal coliform in the biosolids shall be less than 1000 most probable number per gram of total solids (dry weight basis) or the density of salmonella sp. bacteria in the biosolids shall be less than 3 most probable number per 4 grams of total solids (dry weight basis) at the time the biosolids are used, at the time the biosolids are prepared for sale or given away in a bag or other container for application to the land, or at the time the biosolids or material derived from biosolids is prepared to meet the requirements in R 323.2407(1) or (2). (ii) The temperature of the biosolids that are used shall be maintained at a specific value for a period of time as follows: (A) If the percent solids of the biosolids is 7% or higher, then the temperature of the biosolids shall be 50 degrees Celsius or higher; the time period shall be 20 minutes or longer; and the temperature and time period shall be determined using equation (3), except when small particles of biosolids are heated by either warmed gases or an immiscible liquid. equation (3) D = 131,700,000 100.1400t Where, D = time in days. t = temperature in degrees Celsius. (B) If the percent solids of the biosolids is 7% or higher and small particles of biosolids are heated by either warmed gases or an immiscible liquid, then the temperature of the biosolids shall be 50 degrees Celsius or higher; the time period shall be 15 seconds or longer; and the temperature and time period shall be determined using equation (3). (C) If the percent solids of the biosolids is less than 7% and the time period is at least 15 seconds, but less than 30 minutes, then the temperature and time period shall be determined using equation (3). (D) If the percent solids of the biosolids is less than 7%; the temperature of the biosolids is 50 degrees Celsius or higher; and the time period is 30 minutes or longer, then the temperature and time period shall be determined using equation (4). equation (4) D = 50,070,000 100.1400t Where, D = time in days. t = temperature in degrees Celsius. (d) Both of the following provisions apply to class A alternative 2: (i) Either the density of fecal coliform in the biosolids shall be less than 1000 most probable number per gram of total solids (dry weight basis) or the density of salmonella sp. bacteria in the biosolids shall be less than 3 most probable number per 4 grams of total solids (dry weight basis) at the time the biosolids is used, at the time the biosolids are prepared for sale or given away in a bag or other container for application to the land, or at the time the biosolids or material derived from biosolids are prepared to meet the requirements in R 323.2407(1) or (2). (ii) The pH of the biosolids that are used or disposed of shall be raised to above 12 and shall remain above 12 for 72 hours. The temperature of the biosolids shall be above 52 degrees Celsius for 12 hours or longer during the period that the pH of the biosolids is above 12. At the end of the 72-hour period that the pH of the biosolids is above 12, the biosolids shall be air-dried to achieve a percent solids in the biosolids of more than 50%. (e) All of the following provisions apply to class A alternative 3: (i) Either the density of fecal coliform in the biosolids shall be less than 1000 most probable number per gram of total solids (dry weight basis) or the density of salmonella sp. bacteria in biosolids shall be less than 3 most probable number per 4 grams of total solids (dry weight basis) at the time the biosolids are used or disposed of, at the time the biosolids are prepared for sale or given away in a bag or other container for application to the land, or at the time the biosolids or material derived from biosolids is prepared to meet the requirements in R 323.2407(1) or (2). (ii) All of the following provisions apply to biosolids analysis for enteric viruses: (A) The biosolids shall be analyzed before pathogen treatment to determine whether the biosolids contain enteric viruses. (B) If the density of enteric viruses in the biosolids before pathogen treatment is less than 1 plaque-forming unit per 4 grams of total solids (dry weight basis), then the biosolids are class A with respect to enteric viruses until the next monitoring episode for the biosolids. (C) If the density of enteric viruses in the biosolids before pathogen treatment is equal to or greater than 1 plaque-forming unit per 4 grams of total solids (dry weight basis), then the biosolids are class A with respect to enteric viruses if the density of enteric viruses in the biosolids after pathogen treatment is less than 1 plaque-forming unit per 4 grams of total solids (dry weight basis) and if the values or ranges of values for the operating parameters for the pathogen treatment process that produces the biosolids that meets the enteric virus density requirement are documented. (D) After the enteric virus reduction in subparagraph (C) of this paragraph is demonstrated for the pathogen treatment process, the biosolids continue to be class A with respect to enteric viruses if the values for the pathogen treatment process operating parameters are consistent with the values or ranges of values documented in subparagraph(C) of this paragraph. (iii) All of the following provisions apply to biosolids analysis for viable helminth ova: (A) The biosolids shall be analyzed before pathogen treatment to determine whether the biosolids contain viable helminth ova. (B) If the density of viable helminth ova in the biosolids before pathogen treatment is less than 1 per 4 grams of total solids (dry weight basis), then the biosolids are class A with respect to viable helminth ova until the next monitoring episode for the biosolids. (C) If the density of viable helminth ova in the biosolids before pathogen treatment is equal to or greater than 1 per 4 grams of total solids (dry weight basis), then the biosolids are class A with respect to viable helminth ova if the density of viable helminth ova in the biosolids after pathogen treatment is less than 1 per 4 grams of total solids (dry weight basis) and if the values or ranges of values for the operating parameters for the pathogen treatment process that produces the biosolids that meet the viable helminth ova density requirement are documented. (D) After the viable helminth ova reduction in subparagraph (C) of this paragraph is demonstrated for the pathogen treatment process, the biosolids continue to be class A with respect to viable helminth ova if the values for the pathogen treatment process operating parameters are consistent with the values or ranges of values documented in subparagraph (C) of this paragraph. (f) All of the following provisions apply to class A alternative 4: (i) Either the density of fecal coliform in the biosolids shall be less than 1000 most probable number per gram of total solids (dry weight basis) or the density of salmonella sp. bacteria in the biosolids shall be less than 3 most probable number per 4 grams of total solids (dry weight basis) at the time the biosolids are used or disposed of, at the time the biosolids are prepared for sale or given away in a bag or other container for application to the land, or at the time the biosolids or material derived from biosolids is prepared to meet the requirements in R 323.2407(1) or (2). (ii) The density of enteric viruses in the biosolids shall be less than 1 plaque-forming unit per 4 grams of total solids (dry weight basis) at the time the biosolids are used or disposed of, at the time the biosolids are prepared for sale or given away in a bag or other container for application to the land, or at the time the biosolids or material derived from biosolids is prepared to meet the requirements in R 323.2407(1) or (2), unless otherwise specified by the permitting authority. (iii) The density of viable helminth ova in the biosolids shall be less than 1 per 4 grams of total solids (dry weight basis) at the time the biosolids are used or disposed of, at the time the biosolids are prepared for sale or given away in a bag or other container for application to the land, or at the time the biosolids or material derived from biosolids is prepared to meet the requirements in R 323.2407(1) or (2), unless otherwise specified by the permitting authority. (g) Both of the following provisions apply to class A alternative 5: (i) Either the density of fecal coliform in the biosolids shall be less than 1000 most probable number per gram of total solids (dry weight basis) or the density of salmonella, sp. bacteria in the biosolids shall be less than 3 most probable number per 4 grams of total solids (dry weight basis) at the time the biosolids are used or disposed of, at the time the biosolids is prepared for sale or given away in a bag or other container for application to the land, or at the time the biosolids or material derived from biosolids is prepared to meet the requirements in R 323.2407(1) or (2). (ii) Biosolids that are used or disposed of shall be treated in 1 of the processes to further reduce pathogens described in R 323.2418(2). (h) Both of the following provisions apply to class A alternative 6: (i) Either the density of fecal coliform in the biosolids shall be less than 1000 most probable number per gram of total solids (dry weight basis) or the density of salmonella, sp. bacteria in the biosolids shall be less than 3 most probable number per 4 grams of total solids (dry weight basis) at the time the biosolids are used or disposed of, at the time the biosolids are prepared for sale or given away in a bag or other container for application to the land, or at the time the biosolids or material derived from biosolids is prepared to meet the requirements in R 323.2407(1) or (2). (ii) Biosolids that are used or disposed of shall be treated in a process that is equivalent to a process to further reduce pathogens, as determined by the permitting authority. (3) All of the following provisions apply to class B biosolids: (a) The requirements in subdivision (c), (d), or (e) of this subrule shall be met for biosolids to be classified class B with respect to pathogens. (b) The site restrictions in subdivision (f) of this subrule shall be met if biosolids that meet the class B pathogen requirements in subdivision (c), (d), or (e) of this subrule are applied to the land. (c) Both of the following provision apply to class B alternative 1: (i) Seven representative samples of the biosolids that are used shall be collected. (ii) The geometric mean of the density of fecal coliform in the samples collected in subdivision (c)(i) of this subrule shall be less than either 2,000,000 most probable number per gram of total solids (dry weight basis) or 2,000,000 colony-forming units per gram of total solids (dry weight basis). (d) With respect to class B alternative 2, biosolids that are used or disposed of shall be treated in 1 of the processes to significantly reduce pathogens described in R 323.2418(1). (e) With respect to class B alternative 3, biosolids that are used or disposed of shall be treated in a process that is equivalent to a process to significantly reduce pathogens, as determined by the permitting authority. (f) All of the following provisions apply to site restrictions: (i) A landowner shall not harvest food crops that have harvested parts which touch the biosolids/soil mixture and which are totally above the land surface for 14 months after biosolids are applied. (ii) A landowner shall not harvest food crops that have harvested parts below the surface of the land for 20 months after biosolids are applied if the biosolids remain on the land surface for 4 months or longer before incorporation into the soil. (iii) A landowner shall not harvest food crops that have harvested parts below the surface of the land for 38 months after biosolids are applied if the biosolids remain on the land surface for less than 4 months before incorporation into the soil. (iv) A landowner shall not harvest food crops, feed crops, and fiber crops for 30 days after biosolids are applied. (v) A landowner shall not graze animals on the land for 30 days after biosolids are applied. (vi) A land owner shall not harvest turf grown on land where biosolids are applied for 1 year after biosolids are applied if the harvested turf is placed on either land that has a high potential for public exposure or a lawn, unless otherwise specified by the permitting authority. (vii) A landowner shall restrict public access to land that has a high potential for public exposure for 1 year after biosolids are applied. (viii) A landowner shall restrict public access to land with a low potential for public exposure for 30 days after biosolids are applied.