Liners

PURPOSE: This rule sets guidelines for the use of liners in water wells. (1) General specifications. All liners shall— (A) Be new and meet minimum specifications in Table 3.8. Liner shall be new, which includes used liner that is salvaged from a water supply well within ninety (90) days of installation and is decontaminated. Liner must meet one (1) of the following: 1. ASTM F480-14 Standard Specification for Thermoplastic Well Casing Pipe and Coupling Made in Standard Dimension Ratios (SDR), SCH 40 and SCH 80. This standard is incorporated by reference as published March 1, 2014, by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 and does not incorporate any subsequent amendments or additions; 2. Grade A or B of ASTM A53-A53M-20, Standard Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded and Seamless. This standard is incorporated by reference as published July 15, 2020, by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 and does not incorporate any subsequent amendments or additions; 3. Grade A or B of ASTM A500/A500M-21 Standard Specification for Cold-Formed Welded and Seamless Carbon Steel Structural Tubing in Rounds and Shapes. This standard is incorporated by reference as published January 21, 2021, by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 and does not incorporate any subsequent amendments or additions; or 4. ASTM A589-A589M-06 Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Carbon Steel Water-Well Pipe. This standard is incorporated by reference as published October 2, 2018, by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 and does not incorporate any subsequent amendments or additions. Table 3.8 Minimum liner specifications. Material Wall thickness (inches) Standard dimension ratio (SDR) Schedule (SCH) Steel 0.188 - - Plastic (PVC or ABS only) - 26 40 (B) Be suspended securely with a hanger or allowed to rest on bottom of the well; (C) Be installed so that the top of the liner terminates within twenty feet (20') of the top of the casing; and (D) Be able to withstand forces encountered during installation. (2) Packers or liner hangers when used shall be secured— (A) For plastic liners, with screws that do not penetrate the inside of the liner; or (B) For steel liners, with liner hangers welded or mechanically attached. (3) Liners are used for three (3) general purposes. The following additional requirements apply based on the purpose of the liner: (A) To hold the well bore open for any potential collapse or sloughing of loose material— 1. Grout material and packers are optional; and 2. Manufactured slotted liner, pipe-based screens, wirewrapped liners, or manually perforated liners may be used; (B) To prevent rust— 1. The liner shall extend from at least five feet (5') below the bottom of the casing to within twenty feet (20') of the top of the casing; 2. Shall have two (2) packers, with the first packer set within five feet (5') below the bottom of the casing and the second packer set inside the casing near the bottom; and 3. Grout material is optional; and (C) To seal out undesirable conditions or to correct inadequate casing seals— 1. Have a minimum annular space of one-half inch (1⁄2"); and 2. Have a minimum of two (2) packers installed at a depth that is appropriate for adequate sealing against a smooth section of borehole and is supportive of the grout column above; 3. Have packers placed a maximum of ten feet (10') apart; 4. Use one (1) of the following grout materials: A. Cement slurry; or B. Coated bentonite pellets; or C. Other grout materials upon receiving advanced written approval by the department; 5. Use one (1) of the following grout methods: A. Gravity; or B. Tremie; or C. Other methods upon receiving advanced written approval by the department; and 6. Have a minimum thirty-foot (30') annular seal placed above the packers using specifications provided in Table 3.9; and 7. Have the top of the liner extend to within twenty feet (20') of the top of casing; and 8. When used to correct inadequate casing seals, place the top packer twenty-five feet (25') below the bottom of the casing. Emplace grout material from above the top packer to a minimum of five feet (5') into the casing for a total of thirty feet (30') of grout. (4) PVC or ABS liners are prohibited when known gasoline or solvent contamination exists within three hundred feet (300') of the well being repaired or drilled. (5) It is the responsibility of the permittee to ensure the annulus between the borehole and liner is sealed for a period of three (3) years from the date the well construction or reconstruction is approved by the department, unless it can be proven that the annular seal has been damaged by another person. This applies to wells where the liner is installed to seal out undesirable conditions, correct inadequate grout seals of the casing annulus, and/or any other issue associated with the well casing. AUTHORITY: sections 256.606 and 256.626, RSMo 2016.* Original rule filed April 2, 1987, effective July 27, 1987. Emergency rescission and emergency rule filed Nov. 16, 1993, effective Dec. 11, 1993, expire April 9, 1994. Rescinded and readopted: Filed Aug. 17, 1993, effective March 10, 1994. Amended: Filed July 13, 1994, effective Jan. 29, 1995. Amended: Filed Nov. 1, 1995, effective June 30, 1996. Borehole Diameter (inches) 6 8 10 6 8 10 Outer Diameter of Liner (inches) Type of Grout 4 1⁄2" 4 1⁄2" 4 1⁄2" 5" 5" 5" CEMENT Portland Type I 2.2 6.1 11.2 1.5 5.5 10.5 Portland Type II 2.2 6.1 11.2 1.5 5.5 10.5 BENTONITE Pellets 1⁄2" Baroid Pellets 3.5 9.7 17.8 2.5 8.7 16.7 3⁄8" Baroid Pellets 3.7 10.3 18.7 2.6 9.2 17.6 1⁄4" Baroid Pellets 3.7 10.2 18.6 2.6 9.1 17.5 Wyo-bend Tablets 3.9 10.8 19.7 2.7 9.6 18.5 Volclay 1⁄2" 3.9 10.9 19.9 2.7 9.7 18.7 Volclay 3⁄8" 4.1 11.3 20.6 2.8 10.1 19.3 Volclay 1⁄4" 4.2 11.6 21.2 2.9 10.4 20.0 Table 3.9 Minimum number of bags of grout to achieve an annular grout seal of thirty feet (30') for lining water wells. RESOURCES Amended: Filed June 27, 2018, effective Feb. 28, 2019. Amended: Filed March 20, 2024, effective Nov. 30, 2024. *Original authority: 256.606, RSMo 1991, and 256.626, RSMo 1985, amended 1991.