Control of Emissions From Lithographic and Letterpress

Printing Operations PURPOSE: This regulation restricts volatile organic compound emissions from lithographic and letterpress printing operations. (1) Applicability. (A) This regulation applies throughout Clay, Jackson, and Platte Counties. (B) This regulation shall apply to installations that have calculated actual volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions for a known number of crewed hours, increased by the amount by weight of VOCs whose emission into the atmosphere is prevented by the use of air pollution control devices and extrapolated to eight thousand seven hundred sixty (8,760) hours per year equal to or greater than one hundred (100) tons per year from offset lithographic and letterpress printing presses after December 9, 1991. The following factors shall be taken into consideration unless an alternative method is approved by the director: 1. Assume fifty percent (50%) of the solvent used for cleanup is retained in the rag(s) when the used solvent-laden rag(s) are cleaned or disposed of. The installation must demonstrate to the director that the solvents are not evaporated into the air when the waste rags are properly cleaned and disposed of; 2. Assume forty percent (40%) of the heatset ink oils stay in the paper web; 3. Assume no VOCs are emitted from the inks used in sheet-fed presses and nonheatset web presses; and 4. Assume that fifty percent (50%) of the alcohol from the fountain solution is emitted from the dryer. (C) This regulation does not apply to— 1. Printing on fabric, metal, or plastic; 2. Sheet-fed lithographic and letterpress presses with cylinder widths of twenty-six inches (26") or less; or 3. Web lithographic and letterpress presses with cylinder widths of eighteen inches (18") or less. (2) Definitions. (A) Alcohol—Refers to isopropanol, isopropyl alcohol, normal propyl alcohol, or ethanol. (B) Coating—A protective, decorative, or functional material applied in a thin layer to a surface. Such materials include, but are not limited to, paints, topcoats, varnishes, sealers, stains, washcoats, basecoats, inks, and temporary protective coatings. (C) Fountain solution—The solution which is applied to the image plate to maintain the hydrophilic properties of the nonimage areas. It is primarily water containing an etchant, gum arabic, and a dampening aid (commonly containing alcohol and alcohol substitutes). (D) Heatset—A class of web-offset lithographic and letterpress printing in which the setting of the printing inks requires a heated dryer to evaporate the ink oils. The setting or curing of inks using only radiation (e.g., infrared, ultraviolet light, or electron beam) is not heatset and is classified as nonheatset. (E) Letterpress printing—A printing process in which the image area is raised relative to the nonimage area, and the ink is transferred to the substrate directly from the image surface. (F) Lithographic printing—A planographic printing process where the image and nonimage areas are chemically differentiated; the image area is oil receptive and the nonimage area is water receptive. This method differs from other printing methods, where the image is typically printed from a raised or recessed surface. Offset lithographic printing is the only common type of lithographic printing used for commercial printing. (G) Offset lithographic printing—A printing process that transfers the ink film from the lithographic plate to an intermediary surface (rubber-covered blanket cylinder), which, in turn, transfers the ink film to the substrate. (H) Sheet-fed—A printing press where individual sheets of substrate are fed into the press sequentially. (I) Web—A printing process where a continuous roll of substrate is fed into the press. (J) Definitions of certain terms in this rule, other than those specified in this rule section may be found in 10 CSR 10-6.020. (3) General Provisions. (A) No owner or operator shall use or permit the use of any offset lithographic and letterpress printing press unless— 1. The fountain solution contains ten percent (10%) or less by weight of alcohol; 2. The fountain solution is refrigerated to a temperature of fifty-five degrees Fahrenheit (55°F) or less for alcohol-based solutions; 3. The fountain solution temperature at the mixing tank for alcohol-based solutions is monitored during each shift; and 4. The fountain solution mixing tanks are covered for alcohol-based solutions. (B) No owner or operator shall use or permit the use of any offset lithographic and letterpress printing press that uses cleanup solvents containing VOCs unless— 1. The cleanup solvents are kept in tightly covered tanks or containers during transport and storage; 2. The cleaning cloths used with the cleanup solvents are placed in tightly closed containers when not in use and while awaiting off-site transportation. The cleaning cloths should be properly cleaned and disposed of. The cloths, when properly cleaned or disposed of, are processed in a way that as much of the solvent, as practicable, is recovered for further use or destroyed. Cleaning and disposal methods shall be approved by the director; and 3. An owner or operator may use an alternate method for reducing cleanup solvent VOC emissions, including the use of low VOC cleanup solvents, if the owner or operator shows the emission reduction is equal to or greater than those in paragraphs (3)(B)1. and 2. This alternate method is approved by the director. (C) No owner or operator shall use or permit the use of any heatset web-offset lithographic and letterpress printing press that uses a dryer that has ever had an actual emission rate of ten (10) tons per year or more VOCs after December 9, 1991, unless one hundred percent (100%) of the dryer exhaust is ducted to a control device that achieves eighty-five percent (85%) by weight or greater control efficiency. (D) Use of emission control equipment requires that continuous monitors be installed, calibrated, operated, and maintained. The monitors continuously shall measure— 1. The exhaust gas temperature of all VOC destruction devices and the gas temperature immediately upstream and downstream of any catalytic bed with an accuracy of plus or minus 0.75% measured in degrees Celsius, or 2.5 degrees Celsius; 2. The cumulative amount of VOC recovered during a calendar month for all VOC recovery equipment attached to a dryer with an accuracy of plus or minus two percent (±2%); and 3. Any other parameters considered necessary by the director to verify proper operation of emission control equipment. (4) Reporting and Record Keeping. (A) All persons subject to this regulation shall maintain records that are— 1. Sufficient to determine continuous compliance with this regulation; 2. Retained for at least two (2) years; and 3. Made available immediately upon request for review by Department of Natural Resources personnel and other air pollution control agencies with proper authority. (B) All persons subject to subsection (3)(C) shall maintain records for each control device sufficient to demonstrate that the control efficiency is being maintained. (C) For each regulated printing press, records shall be maintained to show— 1. Quantity of alcohol added to the fountain solution of each regulated press in pounds each month; 2. Percent of alcohol in fountain solution by weight as monitored on a once per shift basis; 3. Results of any testing conducted on an Specific to the Kansas City Metropolitan Area emission unit at a regulated installation; 4. Maintenance records of any air pollution control equipment; and 5. The temperature of alcohol-based fountain solution as recorded on a once per shift basis. (D) For each lithographic installation subject to this regulation, records shall be maintained to show— 1. Properties of heatset inks as applied (determined by the manufacturer’s formulation data), density of inks in pounds per gallon, and total VOC content in weight percent; 2. Quantity of heatset inks as applied to substrate in pounds on a monthly basis; 3. Quantity of cleanup solvents used on a monthly basis; and 4. Quantity of coatings used on a monthly basis and percent VOC in coating by weight on a formulation basis. (E) The director may require other records as reasonable and necessary to carry out the provisions of the Missouri Air Conservation Law. (F) All persons subject to the provisions of this regulation shall provide to the director for approval a demonstration of final compliance with subsection (3)(A)— 1. Upon startup of presses which are not in existence and operating on December 9, 1991; 2. Within eighteen (18) months (June 9, 1993) after the effective date of this regulation (December 9, 1991) for all presses with a cylinder width of less than sixty inches (60") and all web presses with a cylinder width of sixty inches (60") or greater that are in existence and operating on December 9, 1991; and 3. Within thirty-six (36) months (December 9, 1994) after the effective date of this regulation (December 9, 1991) for all sheet-fed presses with a cylinder width of sixty inches (60") or greater that are in existence and operating on December 9, 1991. (G) All persons subject to the provisions of this regulation shall provide to the director for approval a demonstration of final compliance with subsections (3)(B) and (C) of this rule— 1. Upon startup of presses which are not in existence and operating on December 9, 1991; and 2. Within eighteen (18) months (June 9, 1993) after the effective date of this regulation for all presses that are in existence and operating December 9, 1991. (H) All persons subject to the provisions of this regulation and not in compliance with all provisions of this regulation within twelve (12) months (December 9, 1992) from the effective date of this regulation (December 9, 1991) must submit a compliance plan to the director for approval. This plan must be received within six (6) months (June 9, 1992) after the effective date of this regulation (December 9, 1991). This plan must include the following: 1. A detailed plan of process modifications; and 2. A time schedule for compliance containing increments of progress, including: A. Date of submittal of the source’s final control plan to the appropriate air pollution control agency; B. Date by which contracts for emission control systems or process modifications will be awarded; or date by which orders will be issued for the purchase of component parts to accomplish emission control or process modification; C. Date of initiation of on-site construction or installation of emission control equipment or process change; D. Date by which on-site construction or installation of emission control equipment or process modification is to be completed; and E. Date by which final compliance is to be achieved. (5) Test Methods. (A) Testing and compliance demonstrations for subsection (3)(C) of this rule shall follow the procedures contained in 40 CFR Part 60, Appendix A, Methods 25 or 25A as specified in 10 CSR 10-6.030(22). (B) Testing and compliance demonstrations for paragraph (3)(A)1. of this rule shall be based on the results from a calibrated hydrometer or refractometer. AUTHORITY: section 643.050, RSMo 2016.* Original rule filed June 4, 1991, effective Dec. 9, 1991. Amended: Filed Jan. 13, 2003, effective Aug. 30, 2003. Amended: Filed April 13, 2018, effective Jan. 30, 2019. *Original authority: 643.050, RSMo 1965, amended 1972, transferred from 203.050 in 1986, 1992, 1993, 1995, 2011.