Consumer Confidence Reports

PURPOSE: This rule establishes the minimum requirements for the content of annual reports that community water systems must deliver to their customers. These reports must contain information on the quality of the water delivered by the systems and characterize the risks (if any) from exposure to contaminants detected in the drinking water in an accurate and understandable manner. (1) Applicability, Definitions, and General Requirements. (A) This rule applies only to community water systems. (B) The definitions in 10 CSR 60-2.015 apply to this rule with the following exceptions: 1. For the purpose of this rule, customers are defined as billing units or service connections to which water is delivered by a community water system; and 2. For the purpose of this rule, detected means at or above the levels prescribed by 10 CSR 60-5.010(8) for organic, inorganic, and radioactive contaminants and disinfection byproducts. (C) Each existing community water system must deliver its report to customers by July 1 annually. The report must contain data collected during, or prior to, the previous calendar year as prescribed in paragraph (2)(D)3. of this rule. (D) A new community water system must deliver its first report to customers by July 1 of the year after its first full calendar year in operation and annually thereafter. (E) A community water system that sells water to another community water system must deliver to the purchasing water system the information required in subsection (2)(B), and any information required in subsections (2)(D) through (2)(G) of this rule for monitoring conducted at the source or entrypoint to the distribution system. The required information from the seller must be provided no later than April 1 annually or on a date mutually agreed upon by the seller and the purchaser that is documented in writing and signed by both parties. (2) Content of the Reports. (A) Each community water system must provide to its customers an annual report that contains the information specified in section (2) and section (3) of this rule. (B) Information on the source of the water delivered— 1. Each report must identify the source(s) of the water delivered by the community water system by providing information on— A. The type of the water: e.g., surface water, ground water; B. The commonly used name (if any) and location of the body (or bodies) of water; and C. If a source water assessment has been completed, the report must notify consumers of the availability of this information and the means to obtain it, and also include a brief summary of the system’s susceptibility to potential sources of contamination, using language provided in the source water assessment or written by the operator. If no source water assessment has been completed, systems are encouraged to highlight in the report significant sources of contamination in the source water area if they have readily available information. 2. Reserved (C) Definitions. 1. Each report must include the following definitions: A. Maximum contaminant level goal or MCLG—The level of a contaminant in drinking water below which there is no known or expected risk to health. MCLGs allow for a margin of safety; and B. Maximum contaminant level or MCL—The highest level of a contaminant that is allowed in drinking water. MCLs are set as close to the MCLGs as feasible using the best available treatment technology. 2. A report for a community water system operating under a variance or an exemption issued under 10 CSR 60-6.010 or 10 CSR 60-6.020 must include the following definition—Variances and exemptions—State permission not to meet an MCL or a treatment technique under certain conditions. 3. A report that contains data on a contaminant that the department regulates using the following terms must use the following definitions, as applicable: A. Treatment technique—A required process intended to reduce the level of a contaminant in drinking water; B. Action level—The concentration of a contaminant which, if exceeded, triggers treatment or other requirements with which a water system must comply; C. Maximum residual disinfectant level goal or MRDLG—The level of a drinking water disinfectant below which there is no known or expected risk to health. MRDLGs do not reflect the benefits of the use of disinfectants to control microbial contaminants; and D. Maximum residual disinfectant level or MRDL—The highest level of a disinfectant allowed in drinking water. There is convincing evidence that addition of a disinfectant is necessary for control of microbial contaminants. 4. A report that contains information regarding a Level 1 or Level 2 Assessment required under 10 CSR 60-4.022 must include the applicable definitions: A. Level 1 Assessment: A Level 1 assessment is a study of the water system to identify potential problems and determine (if possible) why total coliform bacteria have been found in our water system. B. Level 2 Assessment: A Level 2 assessment is a very detailed study of the water system to identify potential problems and determine (if possible) why an E. coli MCL violation has occurred and/or why total coliform bacteria have been found in our water system on multiple occasions. (D) Information on Detected Contaminants. 1. Subsection (2)(D) specifies the requirements for information to be included in each report for contaminants subject to mandatory monitoring (except Cryptosporidium). It applies to— A. Contaminants subject to an MCL, action level, maximum residual disinfectant level, or treatment technique (regulated contaminants); and B. Disinfection by-products or microbial contaminants for which monitoring is required except as provided under paragraph (2)(E)1. of this rule, and which are detected in the finished water. 2. The data relating to these contaminants must be displayed in one (1) table or in several adjacent tables. Any additional monitoring results which a community water system chooses to include in its report must be displayed separately. 3. The data must be derived from data collected to comply with the Environmental Protection Agency and department monitoring and analytical requirements during the previous calendar year except that where a system is allowed to monitor for regulated contaminants less often than once a year, the table(s) must include the date and results of the most recent sampling and the report must include a brief statement indicating that the data presented in the report are from the most recent testing done in accordance with the regulations. The system may use the following language or similar language for their statement: “The state has reduced monitoring requirements for certain contaminants to less often than once per year because the concentrations of these contaminants are not expected to vary significantly from year-to-year. Some of our data (e.g., for organic contaminants), though representative, is more than one (1) year old.” No data older than five (5) years need be included. 4. For detected regulated contaminants (listed in Appendix A, included herein), the table(s) must contain— A. The MCL for that contaminant expressed as a number equal to or greater than 1.0 (as provided in Appendix A, included herein); B. The MCLG for that contaminant expressed in the same units as the MCL; C. If there is no MCL for a detected contaminant, the table must indicate that there is a treatment technique, or specify the action level applicable to that contaminant, and the report must include the definitions for treatment technique and/or action level, as appropriate, specified in paragraph (2)(C)3. of this rule; D. For contaminants subject to an MCL, except turbidity, total coliform, fecal coliform and E. coli, the highest contaminant level used to determine compliance with 10 CSR 60-4.030; 10 CSR 60-4.040; 10 CSR 60-4.060; 10 CSR 60-4.094; 10 CSR 604.100 and the range of detected levels, as follows (when rounding of results to determine compliance with the MCL is allowed by the regulations, rounding should be done prior to multiplying the results by the factor listed in Appendix A, included herein): (I) When compliance with the MCL is determined annually or less frequently—the highest detected level at any sampling point and the range of detected levels expressed in the same units as the MCL; (II) When compliance with the MCL is determined by calculating a running annual average of all samples taken at a monitoring location—the highest average of any of the monitoring locations and the range of all monitoring locations expressed in the same units as the MCL. For the MCLs for total trihalomethanes (TTHM) and haloacetic acids 5 (HAA5) in 10 CSR 60-4.094, systems must include the highest locational running annual average for TTHM and HAA5 and the range of individual sample results for all monitoring locations expressed in the same units as the MCL. If more than one (1) location exceeds the TTHM or HAA5 MCL, the system must include the locational running annual averages for all locations that exceed the MCL; and (III) When compliance with the MCL is determined on a system-wide basis by calculating a running annual average of all samples at all monitoring locations—the average and range of detection expressed in the same units as the MCL; E. For turbidity, the highest single measurement and the lowest monthly percentage of samples meeting the turbidity limits specified in 10 CSR 60-4.050. (I) The report should include an explanation of the reasons for measuring turbidity, such as: “Turbidity is a measure of the cloudiness of water. We monitor turbidity because it is a good indicator of the effectiveness of our filtration system.” (II) If an explanation of the reasons for measuring turbidity is included, it does not have to be included in the table but may be added as a footnote or narrative associated with the table; F. For lead and copper, the ninetieth percentile value of the most recent round of sampling, the number of sampling sites exceeding the action level in that round, and the most recent source water results; G. The likely source(s) of detected regulated contaminants to the best of the operator’s knowledge. Specific information regarding contaminants may be available in sanitary surveys and source water assessments, and should be used when available to the operator. If the operator lacks specific information on the likely source, the report must include one (1) or more of the typical sources for that contaminant which are most applicable to the system. The typical sources for a given contaminant are listed in Appendix B, included herein; and H. For E. coli analytical results under 10 CSR 60-4.022, the total number of positive samples. 5. If a community water system distributes water to its customers from multiple hydraulically independent distribution systems that are fed by different raw water sources, the table should contain a separate column for each service area and the report should identify each separate distribution system. Alternatively, systems could produce separate reports tailored to include data for each service area. 6. The table(s) must clearly identify any data indicating violations of MCLs or treatment techniques and the report must contain a clear and readily understandable explanation of the violation including: the length of the violation, the potential adverse health effects, and actions taken by the system to address the violation. To describe the potential health effects, the system must use the relevant language of Appendix C, included herein. 7. For detected unregulated contaminants for which monitoring is required (except Cryptosporidium), the table(s) must contain the average and range at which the contaminant was detected. When detects of unregulated contaminants are reported, the report may include a brief explanation of the reasons for monitoring for unregulated contaminants using language such as: “Unregulated contaminants are those for which EPA has not established drinking water standards. The purpose of unregulated contaminant monitoring is to assist EPA in determining the occurrence of unregulated contaminants in drinking water and whether future regulation is warranted. Information on all the contaminants that were monitored for, whether regulated or unregulated, can be obtained from this water system or the Department of Natural Resources.” (E) Information on Cryptosporidium, Radon, and other Contaminants. 1. If the system has performed any monitoring for Cryptosporidium, which indicates that Cryptosporidium may be present in the source water or the finished water, the report must include: A. A summary of the results of the monitoring; and B. An explanation of the significance of the results. The system may use the following language or similar language for the explanation: “Cryptosporidium is a microbial parasite which is found in surface water throughout the U.S. Although Cryptosporidium can be removed by filtration, the most commonly used filtration methods cannot guarantee one hundred percent (100%) removal. Monitoring of our source water and/or finished water indicates the presence of these organisms. Current test methods do not enable us to determine if these organisms are dead or if they are capable of causing disease. Symptoms of infection include nausea, diarrhea, and abdominal cramps. Most healthy individuals are able to overcome the disease within a few weeks. However, immuno-compromised people have more difficulty and are at greater risk of developing severe, life threatening illness. Immuno-compromised individuals are encouraged to consult their doctor regarding appropriate precautions to take to prevent infection. Cryptosporidium must be ingested for it to cause disease, and may be passed through other means than drinking water.” 2. If the system has performed any monitoring for radon which indicates that radon may be present in the finished water, the report must include: A. The results of the monitoring; and B. An explanation of the significance of the results. The system may use the following language or similar language for the explanation: “Radon is a naturally occurring gas present in some ground water. It poses a lung cancer risk when the radon gas is released from water into air (as occurs during showering, bathing, or washing dishes or clothes), and a stomach cancer risk when you drink water containing radon. Radon gas released from drinking water is a relatively small part of the total radon in air. Other sources of radon gas are soils which enter homes through foundations, and radon inhaled directly while smoking cigarettes. Experts are not sure exactly what the cancer risk is from a given level of radon in your drinking water. If you are concerned about radon in your home, test kits are available to determine the total exposure level.” 3. If the system has performed additional monitoring which indicates the presence of other contaminants in the finished water, systems are encouraged to report any results which may indicate a health concern. To determine if results may indicate a health concern, the department recommends that systems find out if the Environmental Protection Agency has proposed a National Primary Drinking Water Regulation or issued a health advisory for that contaminant by calling the Safe Drinking Water Hotline (800426-4791). Detects above a proposed MCL or health advisory level may indicate possible health concerns. For such contaminants, the department recommends that the report include: A. The results of the monitoring; and B. An explanation of the significance of the results noting the existence of a health advisory or a proposed regulation. (F) Compliance with Department Regulations. In addition to the requirements of paragraph (2)(D)6., the report must note any violation that occurred during the year covered by the report of a requirement listed below, and include a clear and readily understandable explanation of the violation, any potential adverse health effects, and the steps the system has taken to correct the violation. 1. Monitoring and reporting of compliance data. 2. Filtration and disinfection prescribed by 10 CSR 60-4.055. For systems which have failed to install adequate filtration or disinfection equipment or processes, or have had a failure of such equipment or processes which constitutes a violation, the report must include the following language as part of the explanation of potential adverse health effects: “Inadequately treated water may contain disease-causing organisms. These organisms include bacteria, viruses, and parasites which can cause symptoms such as nausea, cramps, diarrhea, and associated headaches.” 3. Lead and copper control requirements prescribed by 10 CSR 60-15. For systems which fail to take one (1) or more actions prescribed by 10 CSR 60-15.010(4), 10 CSR 60-15.020, 10 CSR 60-15.030, 10 CSR 6015.040, or 10 CSR 60-15.050, the report must include the applicable language of Appendix C to this rule for lead, copper, or both. 4. Treatment techniques for Acrylamide and Epichlorohydrin prescribed by 10 CSR 60-4.040(9). For systems which violate the requirements of 10 CSR 60-4.040(9), the report must include the relevant language from Appendix C to this rule. 5. Record keeping of compliance data. 6. Violation of the terms of a variance, an exemption, or an administrative or judicial order. (G) Variances and Exemptions. If a system is operating under the terms of a variance or an exemption issued under 10 CSR 60-6.010 or 10 CSR 60-6.020, the report must contain— 1. An explanation of the reasons for the variance or exemption; 2. The date on which the variance or exemption was issued; 3. A brief status report on the steps the system is taking to install treatment, find alternative sources of water, or otherwise comply with the terms and schedules of the variance or exemption; and 4. A notice of any opportunity for public input in the review, or renewal, of the variance or exemption. (H) Additional Information. 1. The report must contain a brief explanation regarding contaminants which may reasonably be expected to be found in drinking water, including bottled water. The report must include the language of subparagraph (2)(H)1.A. of this rule. This explanation must also include the information contained in subparagraphs (2)(H)1.B.–D. of this rule using this language or comparable language. A. “Drinking water, including bottled water, may reasonably be expected to contain at least small amounts of some contaminants. The presence of contaminants does not necessarily indicate that water poses a health risk. More information about contaminants and potential health effects can be obtained by calling the Environmental Protection Agency’s Safe Drinking Water Hotline (800426-4791).” B. “The sources of drinking water (both tap water and bottled water) include rivers, lakes, streams, ponds, reservoirs, springs, and wells. As water travels over the surface of the land or through the ground, it dissolves naturally-occurring minerals and, in some cases, radioactive material, and can pick up substances resulting from the presence of animals or from human activity.” C. “Contaminants that may be present in source water include: (I) Microbial contaminants, such as viruses and bacteria, which may come from sewage treatment plants, septic systems, agricultural livestock operations, and wildlife. (II) Inorganic contaminants, such as salts and metals, which can be naturallyoccurring or result from urban storm water runoff, industrial or domestic wastewater discharges, oil and gas production, mining, or farming. (III) Pesticides and herbicides, which may come from a variety of sources such as agriculture, urban storm water runoff, and residential uses. (IV) Organic chemical contaminants, including synthetic and volatile organic chemicals, which are by-products of industrial processes and petroleum production, and can also come from gas stations, urban stormwater runoff, and septic systems. (V) Radioactive contaminants, which can be naturally-occurring or be the result of oil and gas production and mining activities.” D. “In order to ensure that tap water is safe to drink, the Department of Natural Resources prescribes regulations which limit the amount of certain contaminants in water provided by public water systems. Department of Health and Senior Services regulations establish limits for contaminants in bottled water which must provide the same protection for public health.” 2. The report must include the telephone number of the owner, operator, or designee of the community water system as a source of additional information concerning the report. 3. In communities with a large proportion of non-English speaking residents, as determined by the department, the report must contain information in the appropriate language(s) regarding the importance of the report. The report may use a notice based on the following wording: “This report contains very important information about your drinking water. Translate it or speak with someone who understands it.” The report may also contain a telephone number or address where such residents may contact the system to obtain a translated copy of the report or assistance in the appropriate language. 4. The report must include information (e.g., time and place of regularly scheduled board meetings) about opportunities for public participation in decisions that may affect the quality of the water. 5. The systems may include such additional information as they deem necessary for public education consistent with, and not detracting from, the purpose of the report. 6. Systems required to comply with the Ground Water Rule. A. Any ground water system that receives notice from the department of a significant deficiency or notice from a laboratory of a fecal indicator-positive ground water source sample that is not invalidated by the department under 10 CSR 60-4.025(3)(D) must inform its customers of any significant deficiency that is uncorrected or of any fecal indicator-positive ground water source sample in the next report. The system must continue to inform the public annually until the department determines that the significant deficiency is corrected or the fecal contamination in the ground water source is addressed under 10 CSR 60-4.025(4)(A). Each report must include the following: (I) The nature of the particular significant deficiency or the source of the fecal contamination (if the source is known) and the date the significant deficiency was identified by the department or the dates of the fecal indicator-positive ground water source samples; (II) If the fecal contamination in the ground water source has been addressed under 10 CSR 60-4.025(4)(A) and the date of such action; (III) For each significant deficiency or fecal contamination in the ground water source that has not been addressed under 10 CSR 60-4.025(4)(A), the departmentapproved plan and schedule for correction, including interim measures, progress to date, and any interim measures completed; and (IV) If the system receives notice of a fecal indicator-positive ground water source sample that is not invalidated by the department under 10 CSR 60-4.025(3)(D), the potential health effects using the health effects language of Appendix C of this rule. B. If directed by the department, a system with significant deficiencies that have been corrected before the next Consumer Confidence Report is issued must inform its customers of the significant deficiency, how the deficiency was corrected, and the date of correction under subparagraph (2)(H)6.A. of this rule. 7. Systems required to comply with 10 CSR 60-4.022. A. Any system required to comply with the Level 1 assessment requirement or a Level 2 assessment requirement that is not due to an E. coli MCL violation must include in the report the text found in parts (2)(H)7.A.(I)-(III) of this rule as appropriate, filling in the blanks accordingly and the text found in parts (2)(H)7.A.(I) and (II) of this rule if appropriate. (I) Coliforms are bacteria that are naturally present in the environment and are used as an indicator that other, potentially harmful waterborne pathogens may be present or that a potential pathway exists through which contamination may enter the drinking water distribution system. We found coliforms indicating the need to look for potential problems in water treatment or distribution. When this occurs, we are required to conduct assessment(s) to identify problems and to correct any problems that were found during these assessments. (II) During the past year we were required to conduct {INSERT NUMBER OF LEVEL 1 ASSESSMENTS} Level 1 assessment(s). {INSERT NUMBER OF LEVEL 1 ASSESSMENTS} Level 1 assessment(s) were completed. In addition, we were required to take {INSERT NUMBER OF CORRECTIVE ACTIONS} corrective actions and we completed {INSERT NUMBER OF CORRECTIVE ACTIONS} of these actions. (III) During the past year {INSERT NUMBER OF LEVEL 2 ASSESSMENTS} Level 2 assessments were required to be completed for our water system. {INSERT NUMBER OF LEVEL 2 ASSESSMENTS} Level 2 assessments were completed. In addition, we were required to take {INSERT NUMBER OF CORRECTIVE ACTIONS} corrective actions and we completed {INSERT NUMBER OF CORRECTIVE ACTIONS} of these actions. (IV) Any system that has failed to complete all the required assessments or correct all identified sanitary defects, is in violation of the treatment technique requirement and must also include one (1) or both of the following statements, as appropriate: (a) During the past year we failed to conduct all of the required assessment(s). (b) During the past year we failed to correct all identified defects that were found during the assessment. B. Any system required to conduct a Level 2 assessment due to an E. coli MCL violation must include in the report the text found in parts (2)(H)7.B.(I) and (II) of this rule, filling in the blanks accordingly and the text found in subparts (2)(H)7.B.(III)(a) and (b) of this rule, if appropriate. (I) E. coli are bacteria whose presence indicates that the water may be contaminated with human or animal wastes. Human pathogens in these wastes can cause shortterm effects, such as diarrhea, cramps, nausea, headaches, or other symptoms. They may pose a greater health risk for infants, young children, the elderly, and people with severely compromised immune systems. We found E. coli bacteria, indicating the need to look for potential problems in water treatment or distribution. When this occurs, we are required to conduct assessment(s) to identify problems and to correct any problems that were found during these assessments. (II) We were required to complete a Level 2 assessment because we found E. coli in our water system. In addition, we were required to take {INSERT NUMBER OF CORRECTIVE ACTIONS} corrective actions and we completed {INSERT NUMBER OF CORRECTIVE ACTIONS} of these actions. (III) Any system that has failed to complete the required assessment or correct all identified sanitary defects, is in violation of the treatment technique requirement and must also include one (1) or both of the following statements, as appropriate: (a) We failed to conduct the required assessment. (b) We failed to correct all sanitary defects that were identified during the assessment that we conducted. C. If a system detects E. coli and has violated the E. coli MCL, in addition to completing the table as required in paragraph (2)(D)4. of this rule, the system must include one (1) or more of the following statements to describe any noncompliance, as applicable: (I) We had an E. coli-positive repeat sample following a total coliform-positive routine sample. (II) We had a total coliform-positive repeat sample following an E. coli-positive routine sample. (III) We failed to take all required repeat samples following an E. coli-positive routine sample. (IV) We failed to test for E. coli when any repeat sample tests positive for total coliform. D. If a system detects E. coli and has not violated the E. coli MCL, in addition to completing the table as required in paragraph (2)(D)4., the system may include a statement that explains that although they have detected E. coli, they are not in violation of the E. coli MCL. (3) Required Additional Health Information. (A) All reports must prominently display the following language: “Some people may be more vulnerable to contaminants in drinking water than the general population. Immuno-compromised persons such as persons with cancer undergoing chemotherapy, persons who have undergone organ transplants, people with HIV/AIDS or other immune system disorders, some elderly, and infants can be particularly at risk for infections. These people should seek advice about drinking water from their healthcare providers. Environmental Protection Agency/ Centers for Disease Control guidelines on appropriate means to lessen the risk of infection by Cryptosporidium and other microbial contaminants are available from the Safe Drinking Water Hotline (800-426-4791).” (B) Arsenic. A system that detects arsenic at levels above 0.005 mg/L and up to and including 0.01 mg/L must include in its report a short informational statement about arsenic, using language such as: “While your drinking water meets EPA’s standard for arsenic, it does contain low levels of arsenic. EPA’s standard balances the current understanding of arsenic’s possible health effects against the costs of removing arsenic from drinking water. EPA continues to research the health effects of low levels of arsenic, which is a mineral known to cause cancer in humans at high concentrations and is linked to other health effects such as skin damage and circulatory problems.” The system may write its own educational statement, but only in consultation with the department. (C) A system which detects nitrate at levels above five milligrams per liter (5 mg/L), but below the MCL: 1. Must include a short informational statement about the impacts of nitrate on children using language such as: “Nitrate in drinking water at levels above ten parts per million (10 ppm) is a health risk for infants of less than six (6) months of age. High nitrate levels in drinking water can cause blue-baby syndrome. Nitrate levels may rise quickly for short periods of time because of rainfall or agricultural activity. If you are caring for an infant you should ask advice from your health care provider.” 2. May write its own educational statement, but only in consultation with the department. (D) Every Consumer Confidence Report must include the following lead-specific information: 1. A short informational statement about lead in drinking water and its effects on children. The statement must include the following information: “If present, elevated levels of lead can cause serious health problems, especially for pregnant women and young children. Lead in drinking water is primarily from materials and components associated with service lines and home plumbing. [NAME OF UTILITY] is responsible for providing high quality drinking water, but cannot control the variety of materials used in plumbing components. When your water has been sitting for several hours, you can minimize the potential for lead exposure by flushing your tap for thirty (30) seconds to two (2) minutes before using water for drinking or cooking. If you are concerned about lead in your water, you may wish to have your water tested. Information on lead in drinking water, testing methods, and steps you can take to minimize exposure is available from the Safe Drinking Water Hotline (800-426-4791) or at http://www.epa.gov/safewater/lead”; and 2. The water system may write its own educational statement, but only in consultation with the department. (4) Report Delivery and Record Keeping. (A) Systems serving ten thousand (10,000) or more persons must mail or otherwise directly deliver one (1) copy of the report to each customer annually. (B) Systems serving greater than five hundred (500) persons but fewer than ten thousand (10,000) persons must use one (1) of the following options: 1. Mail or otherwise directly deliver one (1) copy of the report to each customer annually; or 2. All of the following (Systems choosing this option must notify customers that the report will not be mailed. This notification must be published in the newspaper(s) in which the reports are published and provided with any other notification method that is used): A. Publish the report at least once annually in one (1) or more local newspaper(s) of general circulation, as defined in section 493.050, RSMo, serving the area in which the system is located; B. Provide notice to their customers at least once per year by mail, or door-to-door delivery, or by continuous posting in appropriate locations that the report is available upon request; and C. Post the report continuously at the local water system office, the city/county/ regional public library, and other public buildings within the water system service area. (C) Systems serving five hundred (500) or fewer persons must use one (1) of the options: 1. Use the method in paragraph (4)(B)1.; 2. Use the method in paragraph (4)(B)2.; or 3. Provide notice at least once per year to their customers by mail, or door-to-door delivery, or by continuous posting in appropriate locations that the report is available upon request; and post the report continuously at the local water system office and the city/county/regional public library. (D) Each community water system must make its reports available to the public upon request. (E) In addition to the delivery requirement in subsection (4)(A) of this rule, each community water system serving one hundred thousand (100,000) or more persons must post its current year’s report to a publiclyaccessible site on the Internet. Other water systems with access to a publicly-accessible Internet site are encouraged to use the Internet as an additional method of distribution. (F) The system must make a good faith effort to reach consumers who do not get water bills, using means recommended by the department. The department expects that an adequate good faith effort will be tailored to the consumers who are served by the system but are not bill-paying customers, such as renters or workers. A good faith effort to reach consumers would include a mix of methods appropriate to the particular system such as: Posting the reports on the Internet; mailing to postal patrons in metropolitan areas; advertising the availability of the report in the news media; publication in a local newspaper; posting in libraries or other public places such as cafeterias or lunch rooms of public buildings; delivery of multiple copies for distribution by single-biller customers such as apartment buildings or private employers; delivery to community organizations. (G) No later than the date the system is required to distribute the report to its customers, each community water system must mail a copy of the report to the department, followed within three (3) months by a certification, on a form provided by the department, that the report has been distributed to customers, and that the information is correct and consistent with the compliance monitoring data previously submitted to the department. (H) No later than the date the system is required to distribute the report to its customers, each community water system must deliver the report to any other agency or clearinghouse identified by the department. (I) Any system subject to this rule must retain copies of its consumer confidence report for no less than three (3) years. Key AL = Action Level MCL = Maximum Contaminant Level MCLG = Maximum Contaminant Level Goal MFL = million fibers per Liter mrem/year = millirems per year (a measure of radiation absorbed by the body) NTU = Nephelometric Turbidity Units pCi/L = picocuries per Liter (a measure of radioactivity) ppm = parts per million, or milligrams per Liter (mg/L) ppb = parts per billion, or micrograms per Liter (μg/L) ppt = parts per trillion, or nanograms per Liter ppq = parts per quadrillion, or picograms per Liter TT = Treatment Technique &RQWDPLQDQW 0&/LQ FRPSOLDQFH XQLWVPJ/ 0XOWLSO\ E\ 0&/LQ&&5XQLWV 0&/*LQ&&5 XQLWV 0LFURELRORJLFDO&RQWDPLQDQWV      7RWDO&ROLIRUP%DFWHULD  77     77    E. coli  5RXWLQHDQGUHSHDW VDPSOHVDUHWRWDO FROLIRUP±SRVLWLYH DQGHLWKHULVE coli± SRVLWLYHRUV\VWHP IDLOVWRWDNHUHSHDW VDPSOHVIROORZLQJE coliSRVLWLYHURXWLQH VDPSOHRUV\VWHP IDLOVWRDQDO\]HWRWDO FROLIRUP±SRVLWLYH UHSHDWVDPSOHIRUE coli    5RXWLQHDQGUHSHDW VDPSOHVDUHWRWDO FROLIRUP±SRVLWLYH DQGHLWKHULVE coli± SRVLWLYHRUV\VWHP IDLOVWRWDNHUHSHDW VDPSOHVIROORZLQJE coliSRVLWLYHURXWLQH VDPSOHRUV\VWHPIDLOV WRDQDO\]HWRWDO FROLIRUP±SRVLWLYH UHSHDWVDPSOHIRUE coli.   7RWDORUJDQLFFDUERQSSP 77  77 1$ 7XUELGLW\ 77  77178 1$ )HFDO77,QGLFDWRUV HQWHURFRFFLRUFROLSKDJH 77   1$ 5DGLRDFWLYH&RQWDPLQDQWV     %HWDSKRWRQHPLWWHUV PUHP\U  PUHP\U  $OSKDHPLWWHUV S&L/  S&L/  &RPELQHGUDGLXP S&L/  S&L/  8UDQLXPS&L/ —J/    ,QRUJDQLF&RQWDPLQDQWV     $QWLPRQ\   SSE  $UVHQLF   SSE  $VEHVWRV 0)/  0)/  %DULXP   SSP  %HU\OOLXP   SSE  %URPDWHSSE     &DGPLXP   SSE  &KORUDPLQHVSSP 05'/   05'/   &KORULQHSSP 05'/   05'/   &KORULQHGLR[LGHSSE 05'/   05'/   &KORULWHSSP     &KURPLXP   SSE  &RSSHU $/   $/ SSP  &\DQLGH   SSE  )OXRULGH   SSP  /HDG $/   $/ SSE  0HUFXU\LQRUJDQLF   SSE  1LWUDWHDV1LWURJHQ   SSP  1LWULWHDV1LWURJHQ   SSP  6HOHQLXP   SSE  7KDOOLXP   SSE  6\QWKHWLF2UJDQLF &RQWDPLQDQWV,QFOXGLQJ 3HVWLFLGHVDQG+HUELFLGHV     '   SSE  73>6LOYH[@   SSE  $FU\ODPLGH   77  $ODFKORU   SSE  Appendix A to 10 CSR 60-8.030 Converting MCL Compliance Values for Consumer Confidence Reports $WUD]LQH   SSE  %HQ]RDS\UHQH>3$+@   SSW  &DUERIXUDQ   SSE  &KORUGDQH   SSE  'DODSRQ   SSE  'LHWK\OKH[\ODGLSDWH   SSE  'LHWK\OKH[\OSKWKDODWH   SSE  'LEURPRFKORURSURSDQH   SSW  'LQRVHE   SSE  'LTXDW   SSE  'LR[LQ>7&''@    SST  (QGRWKDOO   SSE  (QGULQ   SSE  (SLFKORURK\GULQ 77  77  (WK\OHQHGLEURPLGH   SSW  *O\SKRVDWH   SSE  +HSWDFKORU   SSW  +HSWDFKORUHSR[LGH   SSW  +H[DFKORUREHQ]HQH   SSE  +H[DFKORURF\FORSHQWDGLHQH   SSE  /LQGDQH   SSW  0HWKR[\FKORU   SSE  2[DP\O>9\GDWH@   SSE  3&%V>3RO\FKORULQDWHG ELSKHQ\OV@   SSW  3HQWDFKORURSKHQRO   SSE  3LFORUDP   SSE  6LPD]LQH   SSE  7R[DSKHQH   SSE  9RODWLOH2UJDQLF &RQWDPLQDQWV     %HQ]HQH   SSE  &DUERQWHWUDFKORULGH   SSE  &KORUREHQ]HQH   SSE  R'LFKORUREHQ]HQH   SSE  S'LFKORUREHQ]HQH   SSE  'LFKORURHWKDQH   SSE  'LFKORURHWK\OHQH   SSE  FLV'LFKORURHWK\OHQH   SSE  WUDQV'LFKORURHWK\OHQH   SSE  'LFKORURPHWKDQH   SSE  73. 'LFKORURSURSDQH   SSE  (WK\OEHQ]HQH   SSE  +DORDFHWLF$FLGV+$$ SSE    QD 6W\UHQH   SSE  7HWUDFKORURHWK\OHQH   SSE  7ULFKORUREHQ]HQH   SSE  7ULFKORURHWKDQH   SSE  7ULFKORURHWKDQH   SSE  7ULFKORURHWK\OHQH   SSE  77+0V>7RWDO WULKDORPHWKDQHV@   SSE QD 7ROXHQH   SSP  9LQ\O&KORULGH   SSE  ;\OHQHV   SSP  Key AL=Action Level MCL=Maximum Contaminant Level MCLG=Maximum Contaminant Level Goal MFL=million fibers per Liter mrem/year=millirems per year (a measure of radiation absorbed by the body) NTU=Nephelometric Turbidity Units pCi/L=picocuries per Liter (a measure of radioactivity) ppm=parts per million, or milligrams per Liter (mg/L) ppb=parts per billion, or micrograms per Liter (μg/L) ppt=parts per trillion, or nanograms per Liter ppq=parts per quadrillion, or picograms per Liter TT=Treatment Technique  &RQWDPLQDQWXQLWV 0&/* 0&/ 0DMRUVRXUFHVLQGULQNLQJZDWHU 0LFURELRORJLFDO&RQWDPLQDQWV     7RWDO&ROLIRUP%DFWHULD 1$  77   1DWXUDOO\SUHVHQWLQWKHHQYLURQPHQW  E. coli    77   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'LVFKDUJHIURPSHWUROHXPIDFWRULHV 'LVFKDUJHIURPFKHPLFDOIDFWRULHV  Appendix C to 10 CSR 60-8.030 Health Effects Language Microbiological Contaminants (1) Total Coliform. “Coliforms are bacteria that are naturally present in the environment and are used as an indicator that other, potentially harmful pathogens may be present or that a potential pathway exists through which contamination may enter the drinking water distribution system. We found coliforms indicating the need to look for potential problems in the water treatment or distribution. When this occurs, we are required to conduct assessment(s) to identify problems and to correct any problems that were found during these assessments.” (2) E.coli. “E. coli are bacteria whose presence indicates that the water may be contaminated with human or animal wastes. Human pathogens in these wastes can cause short-term effects, such as diarrhea, cramps, nausea, headaches, or other symptoms. They may pose a greater health risk for infants, young children, the elderly, and people with severely compromised immune systems.” (3) Total organic carbon. “Total organic carbon (TOC) has no health effects. However, total organic carbon provides a medium for the formation of disinfection by-products. These by-products include trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs5). Drinking water containing these by-products in excess of the MCL may lead to adverse health effects, liver or kidney problems, or nervous system effects, and may lead to an increased risk of getting cancer.” (4) Turbidity. “Turbidity has no health effects. However, turbidity can interfere with disinfection and provide a medium for microbial growth. Turbidity may indicate the presence of disease-causing organisms. These organisms include bacteria, viruses, and parasites that can cause symptoms such as nausea, cramps, diarrhea, and associated headaches.” (5) Fecal Indicators under the Ground Water Rule (E. coli, enterococci, or coliphage). “Fecal indicators are microbes whose presence indicates that the water may be contaminated with human or animal wastes. Microbes in these wastes can cause short-term health effects, such as diarrhea, cramps, nausea, headaches, or other symptoms. They may pose a special health risk for infants, young children, some of the elderly, and people with severely compromised immune systems.” Radioactive Contaminants (6) Beta/photon emitters. “Certain minerals are radioactive and may emit forms of radiation known as photons and beta radiation. Some people who drink water containing beta and photon emitters in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer.” (7) Alpha emitters. “Certain minerals are radioactive and may emit a form of radiation known as alpha radiation. Some people who drink water containing alpha emitters in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer.” (8) Combined Radium 226/228. “Some people who drink water containing radium 226 or 228 in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer.” (9) Uranium. “Some people who drink water containing uranium in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer and kidney toxicity.” Inorganic Contaminants (10) Antimony. “Some people who drink water containing antimony well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience increases in blood cholesterol and decreases in blood sugar.” (11) Arsenic. “Some people who drink water containing arsenic in excess of the MCL over many years could experience skin damage or problems with their circulatory system, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.” (12) Asbestos. “Some people who drink water containing asbestos in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of developing benign intestinal polyps.” (13) Barium. “Some people who drink water containing barium in excess of the MCL over many years could experience an increase in their blood pressure.” (14) Beryllium. “Some people who drink water containing beryllium well in excess of the MCL over many years could develop intestinal lesions.” (15) Bromate. “Some people who drink water containing bromate in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer.” (16) Cadmium. “Some people who drink water containing cadmium in excess of the MCL over many years could experience kidney damage.” (17) Chloramines. “Some people who use water containing chloramines well in excess of the MRDL could experience irritating effects to their eyes and nose. Some people who drink water containing chloramines well in excess of the MRDL could experience stomach discomfort or anemia.” (18) Chlorine. “Some people who use water containing chlorine well in excess of the MRDL could experience irritating effects to their eyes and nose. Some people who drink water containing chlorine well in excess of the MRDL could experience stomach discomfort.” (19) Chlorine dioxide. “Some infants and young children who drink water containing chlorine dioxide in excess of the MRDL could experience nervous system effects. Similar effects may occur in fetuses of pregnant women who drink water containing chlorine dioxide in excess of the MRDL. Some people may experience anemia.” (20) Chlorite. “Some infants and young children who drink water containing chlorite in excess of the MCL could experience nervous system effects. Similar effects may occur in fetuses of pregnant women who drink water containing chlorite in excess of the MCL. Some people may experience anemia.” (21) Chromium. “Some people who use water containing chromium well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience allergic dermatitis.” (22) Copper. “Copper is an essential nutrient, but some people who drink water containing copper in excess of the action level over a relatively short amount of time could experience gastrointestinal distress. Some people who drink water containing copper in excess of the action level over many years could suffer liver or kidney damage. People with Wilson’s Disease should consult their personal doctor.” (23) Cyanide. “Some people who drink water containing cyanide well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience nerve damage or problems with their thyroid.” (24) Fluoride. “Some people who drink water containing fluoride in excess of the MCL over many years could get bone disease, including pain and tenderness of the bones. Fluoride in drinking water at half the MCL or more may cause mottling of children’s teeth, usually in children less than nine years old. Mottling, also known as dental fluorosis, may include brown staining and/or pitting of the teeth, and occurs only in developing teeth before they erupt from the gums.” (25) Lead. “Infants and children who drink water containing lead in excess of the action level could experience delays in their physical or mental development. Children could show slight deficits in attention span and learning abilities. Adults who drink this water over many years could develop kidney problems or high blood pressure.” (26) Mercury (inorganic). “Some people who drink water containing inorganic mercury well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience kidney damage.” (27) Nitrate. “Infants below the age of six months who drink water containing nitrate in excess of the MCL could become seriously ill and, if untreated, may die. Symptoms include shortness of breath and blue-baby syndrome.” (28) Nitrite. “Infants below the age of six months who drink water containing nitrite in excess of the MCL could become seriously ill and, if untreated, may die. Symptoms include shortness of breath and blue-baby syndrome.” (29) Selenium. “Selenium is an essential nutrient. However, some people who drink water containing selenium in excess of the MCL over many years could experience hair or fingernail losses, numbness in fingers or toes, or problems with their circulation.” (30) Thallium. “Some people who drink water containing thallium in excess of the MCL over many years could experience hair loss, changes in their blood, or problems with their kidneys, intestines, or liver.” Synthetic Organic Contaminants Including Pesticides and Herbicides (31) 2,4-D. “Some people who drink water containing the weed killer 2,4-D well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their kidneys, liver, or adrenal glands.” (32) 2,4,5-TP (Silvex). “Some people who drink water containing silvex in excess of the MCL over many years could experience liver problems.” (33) Acrylamide. “Some people who drink water containing high levels of acrylamide over a long period of time could have problems with their nervous system or blood, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.” (34) Alachlor. “Some people who drink water containing alachlor in excess of the MCL over many years could have problems with their eyes, liver, kidneys, or spleen, or experience anemia, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.” (35) Atrazine. “Some people who drink water containing atrazine well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their cardiovascular system or reproductive difficulties.” (36) Benzo(a)pyrene (PAH). “Some people who drink water containing benzo(a)pyrene in excess of the MCL over many years may experience reproductive difficulties and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.” (37) Carbofuran. “Some people who drink water containing carbofuran in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their blood, or nervous or reproductive systems.” (38) Chlordane. “Some people who drink water containing chlordane in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver or nervous system, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.” (39) Dalapon. “Some people who drink water containing dalapon well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience minor kidney changes.” (40) Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate. “Some people who drink water containing di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience toxic effects such as weight loss, liver enlargement, or possible reproductive difficulties.” (41) Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate. “Some people who drink water containing di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate well in excess of the MCL over many years may have problems with their liver, or experience reproductive difficulties, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.” (42) Dibromochloropropane (DBCP). “Some people who drink water containing DBCP in excess of the MCL over many years could experience reproductive difficulties and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.” (43) Dinoseb. “Some people who drink water containing dinoseb well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience reproductive difficulties.” (44) Dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD). “Some people who drink water containing dioxin in excess of the MCL over many years could experience reproductive difficulties and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.” (45) Diquat. “Some people who drink water containing diquat in excess of the MCL over many years could get cataracts.” (46) Endothall. “Some people who drink water containing endothall in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their stomach or intestines.” (47) Endrin. “Some people who drink water containing endrin in excess of the MCL over many years could experience liver problems.” (48) Epichlorohydrin. “Some people who drink water containing high levels of epichlorohydrin over a long period of time could experience stomach problems, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.” (49) Ethylene dibromide. “Some people who drink water containing ethylene dibromide in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver, stomach, reproductive system, or kidneys, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.” (50) Glyphosate. “Some people who drink water containing glyphosate in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their kidneys or reproductive difficulties.” (51) Heptachlor. “Some people who drink water containing heptachlor in excess of the MCL over many years could experience liver damage and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.” (52) Heptachlor epoxide. “Some people who drink water containing heptachlor epoxide in excess of the MCL over many years could experience liver damage, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.” (53) Hexachlorobenzene. “Some people who drink water containing hexachlorobenzene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver or kidneys, or adverse reproductive effects, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.” (54) Hexachlorocyclopentadiene. “Some people who drink water containing hexachlorocyclopentadiene well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their kidneys or stomach.” (55) Lindane. “Some people who drink water containing lindane in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their kidneys or liver.” (56) Methoxychlor. “Some people who drink water containing methoxychlor in excess of the MCL over many years could experience reproductive difficulties.” (57) Oxamyl (Vydate). “Some people who drink water containing oxamyl in excess of the MCL over many years could experience slight nervous system effects.” (58) PCBs (Polychlorinated biphenyls). “Some people who drink water containing PCBs in excess of the MCL over many years could experience changes in their skin, problems with their thymus gland, immune deficiencies, or reproductive or nervous system difficulties, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.” (59) Pentachlorophenol. “Some people who drink water containing pentachlorophenol in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver or kidneys, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.” (60) Picloram. “Some people who drink water containing picloram in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver.” (61) Simazine. “Some people who drink water containing simazine in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their blood.” (62) Toxaphene. “Some people who drink water containing toxaphene in excess of the MCL over many years could have problems with their kidneys, liver, or thyroid, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.” Volatile Organic Contaminants (63) Benzene. “Some people who drink water containing benzene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience anemia or a decrease in blood platelets, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.” (64) Carbon Tetrachloride. “Some people who drink water containing carbon tetrachloride in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.” (65) Chlorobenzene. “Some people who drink water containing chlorobenzene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver or kidneys.” (66) o-Dichlorobenzene. “Some people who drink water containing o-dichlorobenzene well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver, kidneys, or circulatory systems.” (67) p-Dichlorobenzene. “Some people who drink water containing p-dichlorobenzene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience anemia, damage to their liver, kidneys, or spleen, or changes in their blood.” (68) 1,2-Dichloroethane. “Some people who drink water containing 1,2-dichloroethane in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer.” (69) 1,1-Dichloroethylene. “Some people who drink water containing 1,1-dichloroethylene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver.” (70) cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene. “Some people who drink water containing cis-1,2-dichloroethylene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver.” (71) trans-1,2-Dicholoroethylene. “Some people who drink water containing trans-1,2-dichloroethylene well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver.” (72) Dichloromethane. “Some people who drink water containing dichloromethane in excess of the MCL over many years could have liver problems and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.” (73) 1,2-Dichloropropane. “Some people who drink water containing 1,2-dichloropropane in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer.” (74) Ethylbenzene. “Some people who drink water containing ethylbenzene well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver or kidneys.” (75) Haloacetic Acids (HAA). “Some people who drink water containing haloacetic acids in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer.” (76) Styrene. “Some people who drink water containing styrene well in excess of the MCL over many years could have problems with their liver, kidneys, or circulatory system.” (77) Tetrachloroethylene. “Some people who drink water containing tetrachloroethylene in excess of the MCL over many years could have problems with their liver, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.” (78) 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene. “Some people who drink water containing 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience changes in their adrenal glands.” (79) 1,1,1-Trichloroethane. “Some people who drink water containing 1,1,1-trichloroethane in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver, nervous system, or circulatory system.” (80) 1,1,2-Trichloroethane. “Some people who drink water containing 1,1,2-trichloroethane well in excess of the MCL over many years could have problems with their liver, kidneys, or immune systems.” (81) Trichloroethylene. “Some people who drink water containing trichloroethylene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.” (82) TTHMs (Total Trihalomethanes). “Some people who drink water containing trihalomethanes in excess of the MCL over many years may experience problems with their liver, kidneys, or central nervous systems, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.” (83) Toluene. “Some people who drink water containing toluene well in excess of the MCL over many years could have problems with their nervous system, kidneys, or liver.” (84) Vinyl Chloride. “Some people who drink water containing vinyl chloride in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer.” (85) Xylenes. “Some people who drink water containing xylenes in excess of the MCL over many years could experience damage to their nervous system.” AUTHORITY: sections 640.100 and 640.125.1, RSMo 2016.* Original rule filed July 1, 1999, effective March 30, 2000. Amended: Filed March 17, 2003, effective Nov. 30, 2003. Amended: Filed Feb. 27, 2009, effective Oct. 30, 2009. Amended: Filed April 14, 2010, effective Dec. 30, 2010. Amended: Filed Oct. 17, 2011, effective May 30, 2012. Amended: Filed Aug. 12, 2015, effective March 30, 2016. Amended: Filed June 13, 2018, effective Feb. 28, 2019. *Original authority: 640.100, RSMo 1939, amended 1978, 1981, 1982, 1988, 1989, 1992, 1993, 1995, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2006, 2012, 2014 and 640.125, RSMo 1978, amended 1998.