Agriculture Food and Natural Resources, Career Pathway

Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 1 of 222 Title 7: Education K-12 Part 43: Agriculture Food and Natural Resources, Career Pathway A gr icu ltural an d N atu r al Reso ur ces Mississippi Department of Education Program CIP: 01.0003 – Agricultural and Natural Resources Direct inquiries to Scott Kolle, Ph.D. Lee James Instructional Design Specialist Program Coordinator P.O. Drawer DX Office of Career and Technical Education Mississippi State, MS 39762 Mississippi Department of Education 662.325.2510 P.O. Box 771 E-mail: scott.kolle@rcu.msstate.edu Jackson, MS 39205 601.359.3461 E-mail: ljames@mde.k12.ms.us Published by Office of Career and Technical Education Mississippi Department of Education Jackson, MS 39205 Research and Curriculum Unit Mississippi State University Mississippi State, MS 39762 Robin Parker, Curriculum, Instruction, and Assessment Manager Betsey Smith, Curriculum Manager Jolanda Harris, Educational Technologist The Research and Curriculum Unit (RCU), located in Starkville, MS, as part of Mississippi State University, was established to foster educational enhancements and innovations. In keeping with the land grant mission of Mississippi State University, the RCU is dedicated to improving the quality of life for Mississippians. The RCU enhances intellectual and professional development of Mississippi students and educators while applying knowledge and educational research to the lives of the people of the state. The RCU works within the contexts of curriculum development and revision, research, assessment, professional development, and industrial training. Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 2 of 222 Table of Contents Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 3 of 222 Acknowledgments The Agricultural and Natural Resources curriculum was presented to the Mississippi Board of Education on February 16-17, 2012. The following persons were serving on the state board at the time: Dr. Tom Burnham, State Superintendent Mr. William Harold Jones, Chair Mr. Charles McClelland, Vice Chair Ms. Kami Bumgarner Mr. Howell “Hal” N. Gage Dr. O. Wayne Gann Mr. Claude Hartley Ms. Martha “Jackie” Murphy Ms. Rosetta Richards Dr. Sue Matheson Jean Massey, Associate Superintendent of Education for the Office of Career and Technical Education, at the Mississippi Department of Education assembled a taskforce committee to provide input throughout the development of the Agricultural and Natural Resources Curriculum Framework and Supporting Materials. Members of this taskforce are as follows: Mr. Sammy Blossom, Executive Director, Mississippi Cattleman’s Association Dr. Gwendolyn Boyd, Assistant Professor, Alcorn State University Dr. Ron Brown, Executive Director, Association of Southern Region Extension Directors Mr. Harry Dendy, Capitol City Ag Services Dr. Frank Flanders, Agricultural Education Subject Matter Specialist, Georgia Department of Workforce Development Dr. Gary Jackson, Chair, School of Human Sciences, Mississippi State University Ms. Karen McKie, Green Oak Florist Dr. Robert Merle, Owner, Agricultural Information Management Consulting Dr. Tom Monaghan, Executive Director, Mississippi Forestry Association Mr. Mike Pepper, Executive Director, Mississippi Poultry Association Dr. Kenneth Stallings, Department of Agriculture Chairperson, Alcorn State University Mr. J. D. Sumrall, Grower Relations Coordinator, Mississippi Poultry Association Dr. Kirk Swortzel, Associate Professor of Agriculture, Mississippi State University Mr. Mike Thomas, North American Coal Company Mr. Briley Tomlinson, Agricultural Information Services Mr. David Waide, President, Mississippi Farm Bureau Ms. Donna West, Division Director, Marketing Management, Mississippi Department of Agriculture and Commerce Also, special thanks are extended to the teachers who contributed teaching and assessment materials that are included in the framework and supporting materials. Members who contributed are as follows: James Blackwell, ANR Instructor, Covington County Vocational Center Michael Dale, ANR Instructor, Forrest County AHS Georgia Hillman, ANR Instructor, Simpson County Vocational Center Danny Johnson, ANR Instructor, Lauderdale County School District Patrick Lemoine, ANR Instructor, Puckett Attendance Center Dan Stuckey, ANR Instructor, Lawrence County Technical and Career Center Billy Sumerall, ANR Instructor, Loyd Star School West Watkins, ANR Instructor, Nanih Waiya Attendance Center Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 4 of 222 Andy White, ANR Instructor, Brandon High School Appreciation is expressed to the following professional who provided guidance and insight throughout the development process: Lee James, Program Coordinator – Agriculture Education, Office of Career and Technical Education and Workforce Development, Mississippi Department of Education, Jackson, MS Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 5 of 222 Standards Standards are superscripted in each unit and are referenced in the appendices. Standards in the Agricultural and Natural Resources Curriculum Framework and Supporting Materials are based on the following: National Agriculture, Food, and Natural Resources (AFNR) Career Cluster Content Standards The National AFNR Career Cluster Content Standards were developed by the National Council on Agricultural Education to serve as a guide for what students should know or be able to do through a study of agriculture in grades 9–12 and 2-year postsecondary programs. The standards were extensively researched and reviewed by leaders in the agricultural industry, secondary and postsecondary instructors, and university specialists. The standards consist of a pathway content standard for each of the eight career pathways. For each content standard, performance elements representing major topic areas with accompanying performance indicators were developed. Measurements of assessment of the performance elements and performance indicators were developed at the basic, intermediate, and advanced levels. A complete copy of the standards can be accessed online (https://www.ffa.org/ffaresources/ffalearn/. The National AFNR Career Cluster Content Standards are copyrighted to the National Council for Agricultural Education and are used by permission. Common Core State Standards Initiative The Common Core State Standards provide a consistent, clear understanding of what students are expected to learn, so teachers and parents know what they need to do to help them. The standards are designed to be robust and relevant to the real world, reflecting the knowledge and skills that our young people need for success in college and careers. With American students fully prepared for the future, our communities will be best positioned to compete successfully in the global economy. Copyright 2010. National Governors Association Center for Best Practices and Council of Chief State School Officers. All rights reserved. States and territories of the United States as well as the District of Columbia that have adopted the Common Core State Standards in whole are exempt from this provision and no attribution to the National Governors Association Center for Best Practices and Council of Chief State School Officers is required. Reprinted from http://www.corestandards.org/. National Educational Technology Standards for Students Reprinted with permission from National Educational Technology Standards for Students: Connecting Curriculum and Technology, Copyright 2007, International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE), 800.336.5191 (U.S. and Canada) or 541.302.3777 (International), iste@iste.org,www.iste.org. All rights reserved. Permission does not constitute an endorsement by ISTE. 21st Century Skills and Information and Communication Technologies Literacy Standards In defining 21st century learning, the Partnership for 21st Century Skills has embraced five content and skill areas that represent the essential knowledge for the 21st century: global awareness; civic engagement; financial, economic, and business literacy; learning skills that encompass problem-solving, critical-thinking, and self-directional skills; and Information and Communication Technology (ICT) literacy. Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 6 of 222 Preface Secondary career and technical education programs in Mississippi are faced with many challenges resulting from sweeping educational reforms at the national and state levels. Schools and teachers are increasingly being held accountable for providing true learning activities to every student in the classroom. This accountability is measured through increased requirements for mastery and attainment of competency as documented through both formative and summative assessments. The courses in this document reflect the statutory requirements as found in Section 37-3-49, Mississippi Code of 1972, as amended (Section 37-3-46). In addition, this curriculum reflects guidelines imposed by federal and state mandates (Laws, 1988, ch. 487, §14; Laws, 1991, ch. 423, §1; Laws, 1992, ch. 519, §4 eff. from and after July 1, 1992; Carl D. Perkins Vocational Education Act IV, 2007; and No Child Left Behind Act of 2001). Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 7 of 222 Agricultural and Natural Resources Executive Summary Pathway Description Agricultural and Natural Resources is a pathway to introduce the student to the broad field of agriculture and natural resources, including the production of plants and animals and the management of natural resources. The program includes instruction in the applied sciences related to plant and animal production and natural resource conservation and management, as well as introducing the student to agribusiness management practices and maintenance of facilities and equipment. Students in the pathway will participate in active learning exercises including integral activities of the FFA organization and supervised experiences. Students who successfully complete the competencies in this pathway will possess fundamental knowledge and skills that can be used to secure entry-level employment or as a foundation for continuing their education. Industry standards are adapted from the publication Career Cluster Resources for Agriculture, Food, and Natural Resources, developed by the National Association of State Directors of Career and Technical Education. Industry Certification No national industry-recognized certifications are known to exist at this time. Competencies and suggested performance indicators in the ANR course have been correlated, however, to the National Agriculture, Food, and Natural Resources (AFNR) Career Cluster Content Standards that have been reviewed and endorsed at the national level by the National Council on Agricultural Education. Assessment Students will be assessed using the Agricultural and Natural Resources (ANR) MS-CPAS2 test. At the end of the first year, first-year students will be assessed using the ANR first-year MS-CPAS2 test. The first-year test is based on content from first-year ANR curriculum material. At the end of the second year, the second-year students will be assessed using the ANR second-year MS-CPAS2 test. The second-year test is based on content from the second- year ANR curriculum material. The MS-CPAS2 blueprint can be found at www.rcu.msstate.edu/Curriculum/CurriculumDownload.aspx If there are questions regarding assessment of this program, please contact the Instructional Design Specialist at the Research and Curriculum Unit at 662.325.2510. Student Prerequisites In order for students to be able to experience success in the ANR program, the following student prerequisites are in place: 1. C or higher in English (the previous year) 2. C or higher in Math (last course taken or the instructor can specify the math) 3. Instructor Approval and TABE Reading Score (eighth grade or higher) or 1. TABE Reading Score (eighth grade or higher) 2. Instructor Approval or Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 8 of 222 1. Instructor Approval Applied Academic Credit Content of the Concepts of ANR course has been aligned to the 2010 Mississippi Science Curriculum Framework. Students who successfully complete the first- and second-year ANR curriculum will receive two elective science credits that will count toward high-school science graduation requirements. Professional Learning If you have specific questions about the content of each training session provided, please contact the Research and Curriculum Unit at 662.325.2510, and ask for the Professional Learning Specialist. Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 9 of 222 Course Outlines Option 1 — Four One-Carnegie-Unit Courses Course Description: Fundamentals of Agricultural and Natural Resources is designed to introduce the student to fundamental concepts and principles of the modern agricultural and natural resources industry. Emphasis is placed on career and leadership skills and basic principles of plant, animal, and soil science. Course Description: Agricultural and Natural Resources: Soils and Ag Lab Operations is designed to provide knowledge and skills concerning basic mechanical technologies in the field. Course Description: Agricultural and Natural Resources: Environmental Science is designed to provide concepts and principles associated with agriculture and natural resources. Emphasis is placed on the conservation and management of natural resources; agricultural business management practices; and the environment as it relates to water quality, forestry, and wildlife. Course Description: Agricultural and Natural Resources: Equipment Operation and Business MGT is designed to provide instruction on basic agriculture construction techniques and agriculture business management and processes. Fundamentals of Agricultural and Natural Resources — Course Code: 991102 Unit Number Unit Name Hours Intro to ANR* Leadership and Human Relations* Supervised Agricultural Experience (SAE) Programs* Science of Animals Science of Plants Total Agricultural and Natural Resources: Soils and Ag Lab Operations — Course Code: 991103 Unit Number Unit Name Hours Science of Soil Agricultural Lab Operations and Safety Total Agricultural and Natural Resources: Environmental Science — Course Code: 991104 Unit Number Unit Name Hours Orientation/Careers/Leadership* Science of the Ag Environment Water Quality Forestry and the Environment Wildlife and the Environment Environmental Stewardship Total Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 10 of 222 Agricultural and Natural Resources: Equipment Operation and Business MGT — Course Code: 991105 Unit Number Unit Name Hours Construction and Agricultural Equipment Operation and Maintenance Agricultural Business Management and Processes Total Option 2 — Two Two-Carnegie-Unit Courses Course Description: Agricultural and Natural Resources I is designed to introduce the student to fundamental concepts and principles of the modern agricultural and natural resources industry. Emphasis is placed on career and leadership skills; basic principles of plant, animal, and soil science; and basic mechanical technologies in the field. (2–2.5 Carnegie units depending on time spent in course) Course Description: Agricultural and Natural Resources II is designed to continue the exploration of fundamental concepts and principles associated with agriculture and natural resources. Emphasis is placed on the conservation and management of natural resources; agricultural business management practices; and the environment as it relates to water quality, forestry, and wildlife. Instruction is provided on basic agriculture construction techniques and agriculture business management and processes. (2–2.5 Carnegie units depending on time spent in course) Agricultural and Natural Resources I — Course Code: 991100 Unit Number Unit Name Hours Intro to ANR* Leadership and Human Relations* Supervised Agricultural Experience (SAE) Programs* Science of Animals Science of Plants Science of Soil Agricultural Lab Operations and Safety Total Agricultural and Natural Resources II—Course Code: 991101 Unit Number Unit Name Hours Orientation/Careers/Leadership* Science of the Ag Environment Water Quality Forestry and the Environment Wildlife and the Environment Environmental Stewardship Construction and Agricultural Equipment Operation and Maintenance Agricultural Business Management and Processes Total Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 11 of 222 Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Synopsis Introduction The Agricultural and Natural Resources Cluster covers the broad field of occupations related to the production and use of plants and animals for food, fiber, aesthetic, and environmental purposes. According to the U.S. Department of Labor, the growing interest in worldwide standardization of agricultural equipment should result in increased employment of agricultural-related jobs. Job opportunities should also result from the increasing demand for agricultural products, the continued efforts for more efficient agricultural production, and the increasing emphasis on the conservation of resources. According to the Division of Agriculture, Forestry, and Veterinary Medicine at Mississippi State University, Mississippi’s value of production estimates for 2010 amounted to $6.875 billion. Additionally, the Mississippi Department of Agriculture and Commerce estimates that 29% of the state’s workforce is employed in jobs relating directly or indirectly to agriculture. The total economic impact is $12.7 billion each year. Agriculture makes an impact in all 82 counties in the state of Mississippi, throughout our nation, and around the world. The Agricultural and Natural Resources (ANR) Career Pathway will target careers at the professional and technical levels in agriculture. Students enrolled in these courses should be better prepared to pursue degrees at the community college and 4-year-college level. Needs of the Future Workforce Data for this synopsis was compiled from employment projections prepared by the Mississippi Department of Employment Security and the U.S. Department of Labor. The National Agriculture, Food, and Natural Resources (AFNR) Career Cluster Content Standards developed by the National Council for Agricultural Education and scholarly research articles were also reviewed as a guide for the redesign of the Agricultural and Natural Resources Pathway. Employment (with industry job data BLS/EMSI table) Occupational title Employment, Projected employment, Change 2011– Mean annual wage (in dollars) Number Percent Biological technicians $16.44 Vocational education teachers, secondary school $26.92 First-line supervisors/managers of landscaping, lawn service, and groundskeeping workers $10.56 Conservation scientists $22.63 Agricultural inspectors $17.33 Chemical technicians $18.90 Chemists $28.57 Environmental scientists and specialists, including health $14.64 Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 12 of 222 Soil and plant Scientists $28.26 Zoologists and wildlife biologists $28.56 Food scientists and technologists $16.50 Agricultural and food science technicians $18.21 Forest and conservation technicians $18.95 Forest and conservation workers $13.01 Foresters $18.69 Physical scientists, all other $37.68 Survey researchers $26.04 Life, physical, and social science technicians, all other $16.08 Environmental science and protection technicians, including health $14.64 Microbiologists $25.62 Farm and home management advisors $20.33 Animal scientists $17.70 Social scientists and related workers, all other $29.03 Geological and petroleum technicians $16.09 Hydrologists $26.04 Perkins IV Requirements The ANR curriculum meets Perkins IV requirements of high-skill, high-wage, and/or high-demand occupations by introducing students to and preparing students for occupations. It also offers students a program of study including secondary, postsecondary, and IHL courses that will prepare them for occupations in these fields. Additionally, the ANR curriculum is integrated with academic common core standards. Lastly, the ANR curriculum focuses on ongoing and meaningful professional development for teachers as well as relationships with industry. Curriculum Content Summary of Standards The standards to be included in the ANR curriculum are the Common Core Standards for Mathematics and Science, 21st Century Skills, and the National Educational Technology Standards (NETS) for Students. Combining these standards to create this document will result in highly skilled, well-rounded students who are prepared to enter a secondary academic or career and technical program of study. They will also be prepared to academically compete nationally, as the Common Core Standards are designed to prep students for success in community colleges, Institutions of Higher Learning and careers. Academic Infusion The ANR curriculum is aligned to the Mississippi Academic Science Standards. Content of the ANR courses has been aligned to the Mississippi Science Curriculum Framework. It is proposed that students who complete ANR will receive two electives and two equivalent science credits or four elective credits that will count toward high- school science graduation requirements. When academic credit is awarded for this curriculum, this paragraph will be updated. Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 13 of 222 The ANR curriculum is tied to the 2010 Mississippi Science Curriculum Framework Common Core Science and Mathematics standards. The curriculum provides multiple opportunities to enhance and reinforce these academic skills. Since students will be required to communicate effectively in the classroom as well as in the workforce, there is a considerable amount of writing in this curriculum. The academic content in the ANR curriculum provides several opportunities for focus in science and mathematics, as it directly relates to ANR content. Overall the ANR content requires students to perform calculations and use strategic and critical thinking skills to solve real world problems. Transition to Postsecondary Education The following articulation plan is in place for the ANR Pathway. Statewide Guidelines on Articulated Credit Eligibility • To be eligible for articulated credit, a student must do the following: o Complete the articulated Secondary Career and Technical Program. o Score 80% or higher on the Mississippi Career Planning and Assessment System (MS CPAS2) in his or her secondary program of study. • To be awarded articulated credit, a student must do the following: o Complete application for articulated credit at the community or junior college. o Enroll in the community or junior college within 18 months of graduation. o Successfully complete 12 non-developmental career/technical or academic credit hours in the corresponding articulated postsecondary career/technical program of study. How MS CPAS2 will be documented • The Research and Curriculum Unit of Mississippi State University will provide the MS Community College Board (MCCB) a list of all secondary CTE students scoring at or above the 80th percentile for the articulated programs. • The MCCB will forward the list of students eligible for articulated credit to the colleges. Transcripting of Articulated Credit • Students must complete 12 non-developmental career/technical or academic credit hours in the articulated postsecondary career/technical program of study before the articulated credit is transcripted. • No grade will be given on the transcript for articulated courses; only hours granted will be transcripted (thus resulting in no change in quality points). Time Limit • MS-CPAS2 scores will be accepted to demonstrate competencies for up to 18 months after high-school graduation. Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 14 of 222 Cost • No costs will be assessed on hours earned through articulated credit. • Articulation credit from Secondary to the Postsecondary will be awarded beginning upon implementation of this curriculum by the college. Courses to be articulated are listed in the chart below with the stipulation of passing the MS-CPAS2 according to MCCB guidelines. Articulated Secondary Program Community College Program Articulated Postsecondary Course Agricultural & Natural Resources – Program CIP: 01.0003 – Agricultural and Natural Resources Ag Business & Mgmt Tech (Program CIP: 01.0304 – Field Crops) AGT 1111 - Survey of Agriculture Ag Business & Mgmt Tech (Program CIP: 01.0304 – Field Crops) AGT 1313 - Applied Principles of Plant Production Horticulture Cluster (Program CIP: 01.0601 – Horticulture Service Operations and Management) (Program CIP: 01.0605 – Landscaping) (Program CIP: 01.0607 – Turf Management) HLT 1411 – Leadership Management Professional Preparation Teacher Licensure Career Pathway: Agricultural and Natural Resources This is an “add on” endorsement that may be earned only by persons who hold a currently valid Mississippi Educator License with endorsement #301—Vocational Agriculture-Related Program or #302 Agriculture. A #990 endorsement allows a person to teach the following courses: 991100 Agricultural and Natural Resources I 991101 Agricultural and Natural Resources II 991102 Fundamentals of Agricultural and Natural Resources 991103 Agricultural and Natural Resources: Soils and Ag Lab Operations 991104 Agricultural and Natural Resources: Environmental Science Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 15 of 222 991105 Agricultural and Natural Resources: Equipment Operation and Business MGT This endorsement requires the following: 1. Currently valid Mississippi Educator License with endorsement in Vocational Agriculture-Related Program #301 or Agriculture #302. 2. Complete and submit MDE licensure application form. 3. Applicant must validate technology competency by attaining the established minimum score or higher on an assessment approved by the Mississippi Department of Education (MDE). The assessment must be directly related to technology competency required by the grade level and subject matter being taught. Approved assessments for this license are IC3, Propulse, or other specific assessment created by third-party vendors, authorized by the Local Education Agency (LEA) and approved by the MDE. 4. Applicant must successfully complete a Certification for online-learning workshop, module, or course that is approved by the Mississippi Department of Education. 5. Applicant must successfully complete an Agricultural and Natural Resources Certification workshop, module, or course that is approved by the Mississippi Department of Education. 6. Applicant must enroll immediately in Vocational Instructor Preparation (VIP) program or the College and Career Readiness Educator Program (CCREP) program. Applicant must complete the individualized Professional Development Plan (PDP) requirements of the VIP or CCREP program prior to the expiration date of the three-year vocational license. Note #1: If the applicant meets all requirements listed above, that applicant will be issued a 990 endorsement—a five-year license. If the applicant does not meet all requirements, the applicant may be issued a three-year endorsement (license), and all requirements stated above must be satisfied prior to the ending date of that license. Best Practices Experiential Learning (SAE) The Experiential Learning (SAE) has long been and continues to be the backbone of every agriculture program. The experiential learning projects can be used in a variety of situations to reinforce and complement classroom theory and content. The experiential learning project consists of entrepreneurship, placement, research/experimentation, and exploratory activities. Innovative Instructional Technologies Recognizing that today’s students are digital learners, the classroom should be equipped with tools that will teach them in the way they need to learn. The ANR teacher’s goal should be to include teaching strategies that incorporate current technology. It is suggested that each classroom house a classroom set of desktop student computers and one teacher laptop. To make use of the latest online communication tools such as wikis, blogs, and podcasts, the classroom teacher is encouraged to use a learning management system, for example, the Agriculture Teacher Blackboard Content Management System, that introduces students to education in an online environment and places the responsibility of learning on the student. Differentiated Instruction Students learn in a variety of ways. Some are visual learners, needing only to read information and study it to succeed. Others are auditory learners, thriving best when information is read aloud to them. Still others are Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 16 of 222 tactile learners, needing to participate actively in their learning experiences. Add the student’s background, emotional health, and circumstances, and a very unique learner emerges. To combat this, the ANR curriculum is written to include several instructional methods by using the Understanding by Design (UbD) approach. This method of instructional design leads students to a deeper understanding of course material and provides multiple opportunities for students to succeed in different ways. Many activities are graded by rubrics that allow students to choose the type of product they will produce. By providing various teaching and assessment strategies, students with various learning styles can succeed. Career and Technical Education Student Organizations Teachers should investigate opportunities to sponsor a student organization. There are several here in Mississippi that will foster the types of learning expected from the ANR curriculum. The FFA is the student’s organization for ANR. The FFA provides students with growth opportunities and competitive events. It also opens the doors to the world of agriculture and scholarship opportunities. Cooperative Learning Cooperative learning can help students understand topics when independent learning cannot. Therefore, you will see several opportunities in the ANR curriculum for group work. To function in today’s workforce, students need to be able to work collaboratively with others and solve problems without excessive conflict. The ANR curriculum provides opportunities for students to work together and to help each other complete complex tasks. Conclusions The ANR is one of Mississippi’s most comprehensive agriculture curriculums. Students that complete these programs are well equipped for a variety of endeavors. Instructors are urged to encourage ANR students to pursue educational opportunities at community colleges and universities in Mississippi. Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 17 of 222 Professional Organizations American Association for Agricultural Education; http://aaaeonline.org/ B.R.I.D.G.E. - Mississippi Agriculture Education; http://rcu.blackboard.com Mississippi ACTE; http://www.mississippiacte.com/ Mississippi FFA/ Mississippi Association of Vocational Agriculture Teachers (MAVAT); www.mississippiffa.org National FFA Organization P.O. Box 68960, 6060 FFA Drive Indianapolis, IN 46268 317.802.6060 https://www.ffa.org/ National Association of Agricultural Educators 300 Garrigus Building University of Kentucky Lexington, KY 40546 800. 509.0204 http://www.naae.org/ Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 18 of 222 Using this Document Unit Number and Title Suggested Time on Task This is the estimated number of clock hours of instruction that should be required to teach the competencies and objectives of the unit. A minimum of 140 hr of instruction is required for each Carnegie unit credit. The curriculum framework should account for approximately 75–80% of the time in the course. Competencies and Suggested Performance Indicators A competency represents a general concept or performance that students are expected to master as a requirement for satisfactorily completing a unit. Students will be expected to receive instruction on all competencies. The suggested performance indicators represent the enabling and supporting knowledge and performances that will indicate mastery of the competency at the course level. Suggested Teaching Strategies This section of each unit indicates research-based strategies that can be used to enable students to master each competency. Emphasis has been placed on strategies that reflect active learning methodologies. Teachers should feel free to modify or enhance these suggestions based on needs of their students and resources available in order to provide optimum learning experiences for their students. Suggested Assessment Strategies This section indicates research-based strategies that can be used to measure student mastery. Examples of suggested strategies could include rubrics, class participation, reflection, and journaling. Again, teachers should feel free to modify or enhance these suggested assessment strategies based on local needs and resources. Integrated Academic Topics, 21st Century Skills and Information and Communication Technology Literacy Standards, ACT College Readiness Standards, and Technology Standards for Students This section identifies related academic topics as required in the Subject Area Testing Program (SATP) in Algebra I, Biology I, English II, and U.S. History from 1877, which are integrated into the content of the unit. Research-based teaching strategies also incorporate ACT College Readiness standards. This section also identifies the 21st Century Skills and Information and Communication Technology Literacy skills. In addition, national technology standards for students associated with the competencies and suggested objectives for the unit are also identified. References A list of suggested references is provided for each unit. The list includes some of the primary instructional resources that may be used to teach the competencies and suggested objectives. Again, these resources are suggested, and the list may be modified or enhanced based on needs and abilities of students and on available resources. Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 19 of 222 Unit 1: Introduction to ANR Understandings and Goals Enduring Understandings In this unit, the student will learn: • Agriculture in the United States has evolved from subsistence farming into a diverse industry involving the production, marketing, and processing of food and fiber and the conservation and use of natural resources. • Advances in technology and techniques have allowed American agriculture to produce more products on reduced acreages and with reduced labor requirements. • Agriculture and natural resources in the United States today are responsible for producing a diverse number of products used for food, clothing, shelter, pharmaceutical, energy, and other needs. • Education and training opportunities for careers in agriculture and natural resources exist in community/junior colleges, technical institutes, and colleges and universities. • Globalization of agriculture has resulted in lowering costs of agricultural and natural resource products, increased competition for U.S. producers, and raised questions over product quality and safety. • The applied agricultural sciences represent extensions of several of the pure sciences. • Both the pure sciences and the agricultural sciences depend upon the scientific method for conducting experiments. • Using proper safety precautions and equipment is the responsibility of every member of a work team or class. Safety precautions are learned and transferred to the workplace. • Each student is responsible for understanding the safety rules and practices that must be followed in the ANR classroom and lab, including the use of personal protection devices. • Information on the use, storage, and disposal of hazardous materials can be found on a material safety data sheet (MSDS), which an employer is required to have on hand. • Workers should be fully aware of safety devices and warnings in the workplace and their meaning or operation. • The use of personal protection devices and proper dress is critical to worker safety. • There are four different types of fires, and each different type requires different methods of control. Essential Questions • How has the nature of agriculture and natural resources changed over the past century? • How have new technologies and practices affected agricultural and natural resources production? • What products are manufactured today from agriculture and natural resources enterprises? • What education and training opportunities exist in agriculture and natural resources? • How has the globalization of trade affected agriculture and natural resources industries in the United States? • What is the relationship of the pure sciences to the applied agricultural sciences? • What is the scientific method? • What are the general safety standards that apply to work teams in the workplace? • What are the specific safety rules and practices that must be followed when working in the ANR classroom and laboratory? • What information can be obtained from an MSDS? • What safety devices and warning devices are used in the Agriculture Mechanization laboratory? What do the warnings mean? How do the devices operate? • What personal safety devices and clothing should be worn in the workplace or laboratory? Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 20 of 222 • What should be done if a fire breaks out in the laboratory or workplace? Vocabulary Identify and review the unit vocabulary. Definitions will be located in Appendix B. Agriculture Agriscience Hazardous material MSDS Natural resources Renewable natural resource Scientific method Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 21 of 222 Suggested Learning Experiences Competency 1: Examine the nature of the agriculture and natural resources industry.(DOK1, AB, AS, AO, AE, AF, AN, AP, AT) Suggested Performance Indicators Suggested Teaching Strategies Suggested Assessment Strategies a. Investigate the scope of the agricultural and natural resources industry. (CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CS1, CS2, CS3) a. Have students brainstorm their perceptions of agriculture in the modern world. Through class discussion, expand the students’ perceptions of agriculture from subsistence farming to a diverse industry involving the production, marketing, and processing of food and fiber products and the conservation and use of natural resources. Have students identify agricultural products that they use on a daily basis. a. Monitor the discussion to make sure that all students have a chance to participate. b. Trace the development of agricultural sciences and technologies in the United States. (CR1, CS1, CS2, CS3, CS4, CS5, T2, T3, T4, T6) b. Pair students and assign a specific agricultural science or technology such as machinery, chemicals, genetics, environmental services, natural resources, biotechnology, and so forth. Have each pair research the topic and create a time line that shows at least three important events in the development of science or technology and describe how these developments have affected modern agriculture and natural resources practices. b. Use the ANR Timeline Graphic Rubric to evaluate the students’ performance on the development time line. c. Associate the major areas of agriculture and natural resources with their products and practices. (CCR4, CCR5, CS1, CS2, CS4, T1, T3, T6) c. Assign each student one of the major areas of agriculture and natural resources. Have him or her prepare a graphic (PowerPoint slide, poster, etc.) that illustrates at least three major products or practices associated with this area. c. Use the ANR Areas Graphic Rubric to evaluate the students’ performance in creating the graphic. d. Investigate education and training opportunities in agriculture and natural resources. (CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CS1, CS2, CS4, T1, T3, T6) d. Have students begin the process of exploring careers in the agriculture and natural resources industry by conducting searches and visiting Web sites of universities, colleges, community and junior colleges, and technical institutes that offer programs in agriculture and natural resources. Have students identify and compare the entrance requirements and estimated costs for at least one university program and one community/junior college program. d. Evaluate the students’ table comparing entrance requirements and costs for accuracy and completeness. e. Examine the scope of the agricultural and natural resources industry from a global perspective. (CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CS1, CS2, CS4, T1, T3, T6) e. Have students go to their local retailers and determine the country of origin for different food, clothing, and other agricultural products. Discuss the implications of global agriculture to the United States and to Mississippi including competition, product quality, and food safety. Use current news stories to illustrate these implications. e. Use a written test to evaluate student understanding. Competency 2: Examine the relationships between the pure sciences, agriculture, and agriscience. (DOK 1, AN) Suggested Performance Indicators Suggested Teaching Strategies Suggested Assessment Strategies Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 22 of 222 a. Associate the pure sciences with agriculture and agriscience areas. (CCR4, CCR5, CS2, AQ1, BIOI1, BIOII1, BO1, ES1, G1, PS1, ZO1) a. Provide students with a listing of the pure sciences (biology, chemistry, physics, and mathematics) and the applied agricultural sciences (agronomy, soils, entomology, animals, plants, etc.). Define each science. Have students correctly identify which pure sciences are associated with each agricultural science. a. Use Relationship of Pure Sciences to Agricultural Sciences Assignment to evaluate student performance. b. Develop a plan for conducting an experiment using the scientific method. (CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CS4, T1, T2, T6 AQ1, BIOI1, BIOII1, BO1, ES1, G1, PS1, ZO1) b. Use the video The Scientific Method to define and illustrate the steps in the scientific method. Have students take notes on the major steps in the scientific method and transcribe them into their electronic notebooks or journals. Hold a classroom discussion to make sure that all students have correctly identified the basic steps in the scientific method. Have each student develop a plan for an experiment illustrating each basic step. Have the students enter their plans in their electronic portfolios. b. Use the Planning an Experiment Rubric to evaluate student performance. Competency 3: Apply standard agricultural and natural resources safety practices. (DOK 1, AN) Suggested Performance Indicators Suggested Teaching Strategies Suggested Assessment Strategies a. Apply safety standards in the workplace. (CCR7,CCR8, CCR9, CS1, CS4, T1, T2, T6) a. Invite a safety specialist to present a safety demonstration to the class regarding the importance of safety and standard safety precautions used in the workplace. Have students take notes during the presentation and transcribe them into their electronic journals or notebooks. Follow the presentation with a class discussion to make sure that all students identified the major points. a. Evaluate the students’ electronic notebooks or journals to make sure that all major points are covered. b. Apply safety standards in the agricultural classroom and laboratory. (CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CS2, CS4, T6) b. Provide students with written guidelines for safety in the ANR classroom and laboratory, including the use of personal safety equipment. Identify the location of safety equipment and discuss procedures for dealing with accidents, injuries, and spills. b. Use a written test to determine the students’ initial understanding of the safety standards that apply to the classroom and laboratory. Students will be constantly observed while in the laboratory area and periodically evaluated regarding the use of safety rules and equipment using the Laboratory Safety Rubric. c. Interpret information on a material safety data sheet (MSDS). (CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CS1, CS2, CS4, T6) c. Divide students into pairs and assign each pair a specific chemical material. Have students locate an MSDS on the Internet and complete an assignment to interpret information related to the use of the material. c. Use Interpret a Hazardous Material Safety Data Sheet Assignment to evaluate student performance on this indicator. d. Describe the use of general safety using hand equipment and indicators to include safety color codes, fire extinguishers, first aid d. Have students draw a diagram of the ANR laboratory showing the location of all safety devices and equipment. Have students identify each tool by its correct name and classify it as being a layout tool, cutting tool, boring tool, driving tool, turning tool, or holding tool. d. Evaluate the drawing for accuracy and completeness. Use the quiz in the module to evaluate understanding of general safety equipment and color codes. Monitor Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 23 of 222 kits, emergency exits, and so forth. (CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CS1, CS2, CS4, T6) tool activity for content and accuracy. e. Apply safety precautions related to dress and personal- protection devices and select procedures for dealing with the different classes of fires. (CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CS1, CS2, CS4, T6) e. Have students create a role-play to demonstrate safety procedures. e. Evaluate the role-play using the Role-play Rubric. Performance Task Cheeseburger Curiosity Unit 1 Have each student or group of students break down each part of a cheeseburger (loaded, or with everything on it) and identify the agricultural ingredients. Tell where each ingredient comes from or its place of origin. Begin with the growing, harvesting, processing, and consumption of each ingredient. Students will record individual findings in their journals and one student from each group will present one of the ingredients to the class. The class will discuss accuracy of findings and will record findings in their journals. Evaluate journal activity using the Journal rubric found in Appendix A. Attachments for Performance Task None Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 24 of 222 Unit Resources Books: Cooper, E. L., & Burton, L. D. (2009). Agriscience: Fundamentals and application (5rd ed.). Albany, NY: Delmar. Newman, M. E., & Wills, W. J. (1998). Agribusiness management and entrepreneurship. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. Web sites: FFA. (n.d.). Retrieved September 28, 2011, from www.ffa.org For additional references, activities, and Web resources, please refer to the Mississippi Agriculture Education B.R.I.D.G.E. Web site: http://rcu.blackboard.com (available only to registered users). Mississippi Department of Agriculture and Commerce. (2011). Mississippi agriculture overview. Retrieved June 8, 2011, from http://www.mdac.state.ms.us United States Department of Agriculture. (2011). National agricultural statistics service (NASS). Retrieved June 8, 2011, from http://www.nass.usda.gov/ Other: Farm Safety of Kids, Inc. (2010). Farm safety 4 just kids. Retrieved June 8, 2010, from http://www.fs4jk.org/services.htm National FFA Organization. (2011). FFA proficiency award and degree [Computer software]. Indianapolis, IN: Author. National FFA Organization. (2011). SAE (Work-based learning): Providing hands-on experience and career exploration. In A guide to local program success [Computer software]. Indianapolis, IN: Author. National FFA Organization. (2011). LifeKnowledge-Real lessons for real life content [Computer software]. Indianapolis, IN: Author. Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 25 of 222 Unit 2: Leadership and Human Relations Understandings and Goals Enduring Understandings In this unit, the student will: • In addition to the technical skills required to obtain a job, people need essential life and career skills to succeed in a career including leadership, team-building, and human relations skills and work ethics and values. • The FFA is an integral part of the Agricultural and Environmental Science and Technology program, promoting leadership, human relations, and technical skill attainment and providing recognition for accomplishments. • Leadership is the ability to influence people to accomplish the goals and objectives of an organization. • Leadership skills can be learned. • Work ethics and values are essential for success in all career fields. Essential Questions • What are the necessary life and career skills for success in the modern world? • What is the role of the FFA in the ANR program? • What is leadership? • What are the traits of successful leaders? • What is the role of work ethics and values in establishing and building a successful career? Vocabulary Identify and review the unit vocabulary. Definitions will be located in Appendix B. FFA Human relations Leadership Parliamentary procedure Work ethics Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 26 of 222 Suggested Learning Experiences Competency 1: Develop life and career skills for success in the 21st century. (DOK 3) Suggested Performance Indicators Suggested Teaching Strategies Suggested Assessment Strategies a. Identify, describe, and apply essential life and career skills. (CCR7, CCL1, CCL2, CCR8, CCR9, CS12, CS13, CS14, CS15, CS16) a. Provide students with the listing of 21st Century Life and Career Skills found in this unit. Lead students in a discussion of how these skills apply to their current careers as students and will apply to their career success after school. Provide students with a copy of the rubric that will be used to evaluate each student’s demonstration of life and career skills. Have students self-evaluate their current scores on this rubric and explain that they will be periodically (at least once a grading period) graded on their ability to demonstrate these skills. a. Use 21st Century Life and Career Skills Rubric for assessing students’ ability to demonstrate the essential life and career skills. b. Apply the concepts of team building and team member participation. (CCSL3, CS12, CS13, CS14, CS15, CS16) b. Lead a classroom discussion on the basic concepts of team building and team member participation. Explain to the students that they will be working in pairs or on teams in many of the activities related to the ANR program. Provide students with a copy of the rubric that will be used periodically to evaluate their team- building and participation skills. b. Use the rubric for Assessing Team Building and Participation Skills to periodically evaluate the team-building and participation skills of all students. c. Demonstrate basic parliamentary procedures. (CCL1, CS12, CS13, CS14, CS15, CS16) c. Ask students to identify situations in which they have seen parliamentary procedure used, and have them describe their experiences. Identify the purpose and form for a main motion, amendment, and privileged motion. Have students practice these steps in small groups and during FFA chapter and committee meetings. c. Use the Scorecard for Assessing Parliamentary Procedures Skills to evaluate parliamentary procedure skills of students. Competency 2: Explore the role of the FFA in promoting leadership, personal development, and human relations skills. (DOK 1) Suggested Performance Indicators Suggested Teaching Strategies Suggested Assessment Strategies a. Explore the history and nature of the FFA in promoting and developing leadership, personal development, and human relations skills. (CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CS12, CS13, CS14, CS15, CS16) a. Using the history of the FFA, the FFA creed, the FFA opening and closing ceremony, and other FFA activities, identify and discuss with the students the role of the organization in developing leadership, personal development, and human relations skills. a. Monitor discussion to ensure that all students are participating and attentive. b. Identify career-related values and ethics promoted through the FFA. (CCR4, CCR5, CS12, CS13, CS14, b. Have students read the FFA creed and complete an assignment to identify and describe in their own words the values and ethics represented in the creed. Have students share and critique their completed b. Evaluate the summaries in the electronic journals for completeness and accuracy. Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 27 of 222 CS15, CS16, T1, T2, T5, T6) assignments. Hold a class discussion to identify key values and ethics promoted through the FFA. Have students record these values and ethics in their electronic journals. c. Identify benefits of FFA membership. (CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CS1, CS2, CS3, CS4, CS5, T1, T2, T5, T6) c. Have an officer of the local FFA chapter speak to the class on the benefits of membership. Have the students take notes on the presentation. Following the presentation, lead a class discussion to identify and summarize the benefits. Have students transcribe the findings into their electronic notebooks or journals. c. Evaluate the students’ electronic notebooks or journals for completeness and accuracy. d. Select FFA activities that promote personal development and leadership skills. (CCR4, CCR5, CS1, CS2, CS3, CS4, CS5, T2, T5, T6) d. Have students search the FFA Web site (http://www.ffa.org) and describe an activity or program in which they would like to participate. Have students continue their research to learn what skills and knowledge they must master to participate. Have students complete an assignment on selecting personal development and leadership activities. d. Have students peer review and comment on the completed attachment, Select a Personal/ Leadership Activity Assignment . Competency 3: Examine the concept of leadership. (DOK 1) Suggested Performance Indicators Suggested Teaching Strategies Suggested Assessment Strategies a. Explain the role of effective leadership. (CCSL1, CCSL2, CS12, CS13, CS14, CS15, CS16, T2, T6) a. Have students name people in their lives that they perceive as leaders and describe ways in which these people exhibit leadership. From this discussion, draw out a definition of leadership and the characteristics of leaders. Have students write a summary of findings in their own words and transcribe into their electronic journals or notebooks. a. Evaluate electronic journals or notebooks for completeness and accuracy. b. Have students self- evaluate their personal leadership traits and develop a plan for improvement. (CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CS12, CS13, CS14, CS15, CS16) b. Provide the students with a survey instrument that lists major traits and characteristics of successful leaders. (See the Leadership Characteristics Survey) Define and discuss these traits and characteristics. Have students rate their ability to exhibit these characteristics and identify three that they will work on improving over the course of the school year. b. Have students peer review other students’ surveys and offer comments and recommendations on improvement practices. (Leadership Characteristics Survey) Competency 4: Describe the role of work ethics and values in establishing and building a successful career. (DOK 1) Suggested Performance Indicators Suggested Teaching Strategies Suggested Assessment Strategies a. Define and describe universally-accepted work ethics and values as applied to agricultural and natural resources careers. (CCR4, CCR5, CS1, CS2, CS3, CS4, CS5, T2, T6) a. Invite a human resources person from a local industry or business to speak to the class regarding the importance of universally-accepted work ethics such as attendance, promptness, responsibility, trustworthiness, loyalty, and so forth. Have students summarize the key points from the presentation and transcribe into their electronic notebooks or journals. a. Evaluate electronic notebooks/ journals for accuracy and completeness. b. Practice work ethics and values in the agriscience classroom and laboratory. (CS1, CS2, CS3, CS4, CS5) b. Students will be evaluated on their practice of work ethics and values periodically through the activities and assignments made in the remainder of the course. b. Use the Sample Rubric for Evaluating Work Ethics and Values to evaluate student work ethics and values periodically, or add Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 28 of 222 indicators of work ethics and values to other rubrics used in the course. Performance Task The Future President You are the FFA president and need to present to a group of junior-high students on the FFA. Prepare a 2-3 min speech on the benefits of FFA. Prepare the speech according to the FFA guidelines for speeches (impromptu, extemporaneous, etc.) The class will peer review the speech and discuss clarity and content. Attachments for Performance Task None Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 29 of 222 Unit Resources Books: Burton, L. (2010). Agriscience fundamentals and applications (5th ed.). Albany, NY: Delmar. Morgan, E., Lee, J., & Wilson, E. (2009). Agriscience explorations. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. National FFA Organization. (2010). Official FFA manual. Indianapolis, IN: Author. Stewart, M., Lee, J., Hunter, S., Schell, B., Fraze, S., & Terry, R. (2004). Developing leadership and communications skills (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Web sites: National FFA Organization. (2011). Welcome to LifeKnowledge. Retrieved June 8, 2011, from http://www.ffa.org/index.cfm?method=c_aged.LifeKnowledge_index National FFA Organization. (2011). Local program success guide. Retrieved June 8, 2011, from http://www.ffa.org/documents/lps_guide.pdf Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 30 of 222 Unit 3: Experiential Learning (SAE) Understandings and Goals Enduring Understandings In this unit, the student will: • Planning is a continuous process in business. • Plans must be reviewed and updated on a regular basis. • Records must be maintained and updated on a regular and timely basis to accurately reflect progress. • Records should be summarized to give a snapshot of operations on a regular basis that can be used to make decisions. Essential Questions • What are my goals and plans for an SAE in the coming year? • How do I update and maintain the records of my experiential learning program? • How do I summarize and analyze my experiential learning records? Vocabulary Identify and review the unit vocabulary. Definitions will be located in Appendix B. Asset Cash Inventory Liability Loss Net worth Non-cash expense Profit SAEP Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 31 of 222 Suggested Learning Experiences Competency 1: Plan and implement an experiential learning program. (DOK 3, AB) Suggested Performance Indicators Suggested Teaching Strategies Suggested Assessment Strategies a. Update and revise long-range and short- term goals of the experiential-learning program. (CCW4, CCW10, CS1, CS2, CS4, T1, T3, T4, T6) a. Students can do a scavenger hunt activity using Experiential Learning Scavenger Hunt. Based on the summary and analysis of the students’ previous experiential learning activities, have students reflect and revise or amend their experiential learning long- range and short-term goals for the coming year. The goals should be added to the students’ electronic portfolios. a. Evaluate using the Experiential Learning Scavenger Hunt activity. b. Update, revise, and implement the experiential-learning plan/training agreement for the coming year. (CCW4, CCW10, CS4, CS5, CS6, CS7, T2, T3, T4, T6) b. Based on the revised goals, have students update, amend, and revise their experiential-learning plans/training agreements to reflect growth in skill and proficiency levels. The updated plans should be added to the students’ electronic portfolios. Students can use Experiential Learning Goals and Plans as a guide. b. Use an experiential- learning planning rubric and record-keeping rubric to evaluate the students’ goals. (See the Experiential Learning Goals and Plans.) Competency 2: Maintain records and documentation of experiential learning activities, projects, and enterprises. (DOK 3, AB) Suggested Performance Indicators Suggested Teaching Strategies Suggested Assessment Strategies a. Update and maintain records of experiential- learning-related income, expenses, activities, skills, and supplementary improvement projects. (CCW4, CCW10, CS12, CS13, CS14, CS15, CS16, T3, T4, T6) a. Review requirements for record keeping for the different types of experiential learning. Have students maintain and update their records electronically throughout the year. a. Use the Rubric for Experiential Learning Planning and Record Keeping to evaluate the students’ goals. b. Prepare an annual summary report. (CCW4, CCW10, CS12, CS13, CS14, CS15, CS16, T3, T4, T6) b. Review procedures for summarizing records. Have students prepare an annual summary of their experiential-learning activities at the end of the school year to include income and expense summary and a net worth statement. b. Use the Rubric for Experiential Learning Planning and Record Keeping to evaluate the students’ summaries. Performance Task The SAE “CEO” The student will assume the role as CEO of a Supervised Agriculture Experience (SAE). As the CEO, you are responsible for developing an SAE project and keeping records throughout the year. Students will complete Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 32 of 222 applications and apply for state degree/proficiency awards. Applications can be retrieved from the FFA Web site. Once the forms are completed they are to be submitted to the FFA organization. The SAE project will be graded using the Activity Performance Task Rubric found in Appendix A. Attachments for Performance Task None Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 33 of 222 Unit Resources Books: Burton, L. (2010). Agriscience fundamentals and applications (5th ed.). Albany, NY: Delmar. National FFA Organization. (2011). Lesson 126: Taking my trip. In LifeKnowledge: Real lessons for real life [CD-ROM software]. Indianapolis, IN: Author. National FFA Organization. (2011). SAE ideas. Indianapolis, IN: Author. National FFA Organization. (2011). SAE handbook [CD-ROM edition]. Indianapolis, IN: Author. Web sites: National FFA Organization. (n.d.). Introduction to SAE [PowerPoint presentation]. Retrieved June 9, 2011, from http://www.ffa.org/documents/sae_tch_intro.zip National FFA Organization. (n.d.). SAE best practices guide. Retrieved June 9, 2011, from http://www.ffa.org/documents/sae_bp.pdf National FFA Organization. (n.d.). Supervised agricultural experience. Retrieved June 9, 2011, from http://www.ffa.org/index.cfm?method=c_programs.SAE Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 34 of 222 Unit 4: Science of Animals Understandings and Goals Enduring Understandings In this unit, the student will learn: • Domesticated animals continue to provide services to humanity in a number of ways, including providing meat and dairy products, wool, labor and service, and companionship. • The production, processing, and marketing of animals and animal products is a major industry in the United States. • Agricultural producers are concerned about the treatment of animals and take necessary actions to prevent animals from abuse or neglect. • The basic building block of an animal’s body is the cell. • Through the process of mitosis, cells divide and reproduce to produce an animal. • An animal’s body is composed of a number of specialized cells that form tissues, organs, and systems to perform specific functions for growth and reproduction. • Reproduction begins with the creation of an embryo. Mammalian embryos develop inside the mothers’ bodies. Avian embryos develop outside of the mothers’ bodies. • While the end result of digestion is the absorption of nutrients by the bloodstream, the process differs from one species to another. Because of these differences, the ration fed to an animal must be altered. • Six different classes of nutrients are needed by an animal for optimum growth and development. • A variety of feedstuffs is used in developing animal rations. • Many traits and characteristics of an animal are passed to the animal through the genetic makeup of the animal’s parents. • Sperm and eggs are created through a process called meiosis in which each sperm and each egg receive one-half of the chromosomes from the parent. • Selective breeding is a process by which desirable characteristics are increased and undesirable characteristics are decreased. Essential Questions • What benefits does humanity obtain from domesticated animals? • What processes are used in the production, processing, and marketing of animals and animal products? • How is the agricultural animal industry reacting to the animal rights and welfare issue? • What are the functions of the different parts of a cell? • How does mitosis allow cells to divide and reproduce? • What are the components and functions of the major systems of an animal’s body? • How is the reproduction process in mammals and birds similar yet different? • How does the digestive process differ from one species of animal to another? • What are the six essential nutrients, and how are they used for growth and development? • What are the most commonly used feedstuffs for animal rations, and with which species is each associated? • How are traits passed from the parent to the offspring? • Why does an egg or sperm cell contain only half of the parent’s chromosomes? • What is the process of selective breeding? Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 35 of 222 Vocabulary Identify and review the unit vocabulary. Definitions will be located in Appendix B. Animal rights Animal welfare Artificial insemination Digestive system Embryo transfer Genetics Heredity Marketing Meiosis Mitosis Nutrient Processing Production Roughages Ruminant Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 36 of 222 Suggested Learning Experiences Competency 1: Explore the animal agriculture industry and enterprises. (DOK 2, AS) Suggested Performance Indicators Suggested Teaching Strategies Suggested Assessment Strategies a. Associate the different classes of domestic animals with ways that each benefits humanity (beef and dairy cattle, horse, swine, poultry, goats, and sheep). (CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CCR4, CCR5, CS1, CS2, CS4, T1,T3, T6, BIOI5, ZO1) a. Have the students construct a chart showing the different classes of domesticated animals, examples of species that fall into each class, and the benefits of each class to humanity. (See the Domesticated Animals Benefits assignment in this unit for an example of a chart.) Have students save the chart in their electronic journals. a. Evaluate the charts for completeness and accuracy. (See the Domesticated Animals Benefits assignment). b. Explore the production, processing, and marketing of major animal enterprises (beef and dairy cattle, horse, swine, poultry, goats, and sheep). (CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CCR4, CCR5, CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CS1, CS2, CS4, T1,T3, T6 BIOI5, ZO1) b. Have the students research specific production, processing, and marketing practices dealing with beef and dairy cattle, horse, swine, poultry, goats, and sheep alternative animal production practices. Have students prepare a presentation related to each enterprise and record their answers in their electronic journals. b. Evaluate the presentation using the Presentation Rubric. Evaluate the students’ electronic journals for accuracy and completeness. c. Compare the concepts of animal rights and animal welfare as related to agricultural animal enterprises. (CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CS1, CS2, CS4, CS5, T1, T3, T6, BIOI5, ZO1) c. Have the students read the chapter on animal welfare in the text. Have the students write a letter to an animal welfare organization that has objected to conditions regarding production practices such as confinement, use of drugs, debeaking, and so forth. The letter should report in factual terms the advantages and benefits of these practices. c. Evaluate using the Evaluating a Response to a Letter of Concern Rubric to evaluate the students’ mastery. Competency 2: Investigate the anatomy and physiology of animals. (DOK 2, AS) Suggested Performance Indicators Suggested Teaching Strategies Suggested Assessment Strategies a. Diagram the major components of an animal cell and list their functions. (CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CS1, CS2, CS3, CS4, CS5, T2, T6, BIOI2, BIOI3, BIOII2, ZO2, ZO3) a. Have the students draw a typical animal cell showing its major parts and describing each part’s function or purpose. a. Evaluate student drawings for accuracy and completeness. b. Explain animal growth and reproduction by cell mitosis and meiosis. (CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CCR4, CCR5, CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CS1, CS2, CS4, T1, T3, T6, BIOI2, BIOI3, BIOII2, ZO2, ZO3) b. Have the students draw diagrams of the process of meiosis and scan them into their electronic notebooks. Using the Internet, have students research and view the process of mitosis and meiosis. Have them record their observations in their electronic journals. b. Evaluate journals for accuracy and completeness. Evaluate the accuracy and completeness of the students’ drawings of the process of meiosis. c. Identify the basic c. Have students make a table that identifies each body c. Evaluate the students’ Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 37 of 222 anatomical and physiological features of cows, sheep, swine, goats, horse, and poultry including respiration, digestion, and reproductive processes. (CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CS1, CS2, CS4, T1, T3, T6, BIOI2, BIOI3, BIOII2, ZO2, ZO3) system and its components and explains its function and purpose. work on the Major Animal Body Systems, Components, and Functions and Anatomical Comparison Assignment. d. Compare the reproduction process in cows, sheep, swine, goats, horse, and poultry. (CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CS4, CS5, CS6, CS7, T1, T3, T6, BIOI2, BIOI3, BIOII2, ZO2, ZO3) d. Divide the students into pairs. Each group will research three groups of the animals (cows, sheep, swine, goats, horse, and poultry). Each group will present findings to class, include puberty, estrus cycle, gestation period, and number of births. d. Evaluate using the Presentation rubric. Competency 3: Describe important elements of digestion and nutrition in animals. (DOK 1, AS) Suggested Performance Indicators Suggested Teaching Strategies Suggested Assessment Strategies a. Compare and contrast the digestive systems and processes in cows and sheep, horse, swine, and poultry. (CCW1,CCW2, CCW3,CCW7, CS1, CS2, CS4, T1, T2, T4, ZO2, ZO3) a. Have students develop a chart or table that names the different types of digestive systems and the animals associated with each system. The table should also compare and contrast the different systems related to ration development and nutritional needs. a. Evaluate the charts for accuracy and completeness. b. Associate each of the six major classes of nutrients with their roles and functions. (CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CS1, CS2, CS4, T1, T2, T4, ZO2, ZO3) b. Have students list the six major classes of nutrients and describe their roles and functions in an animal’s growth and development. The six major classes are as follows: • Proteins • Carbohydrates • Vitamins • Fats • Water • Minerals Have students record their findings in their electronic journals. b. Evaluate the students’ notebooks or journals for completeness, accuracy, and grammar. c. Classify and discuss the use of feedstuffs as roughages, concentrates, and processed feeds. Roughage Examples: Hay, cottonseed hulls, and silage Concentrate Examples: Corn, soybeans, and oats (CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CCW5, CCW6, CS1, CS2, CS4, T1, T2, T4, ZO2, ZO3) c. Have students identify common feedstuffs associated with each class of nutrient and the different species with which each common feedstuff is used. Students will record their findings in their electronic journals or notebooks. Roughage Examples: Hay, cottonseed hulls, and silage Concentrate Examples: Corn, soybeans, and oats c. Evaluate the student notebooks or journals for completeness, accuracy, and grammar Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 38 of 222 Competency 4: Examine the role of genetics and breeding in animal production. (DOK 1, AS) Suggested Performance Indicators Suggested Teaching Strategies Suggested Assessment Strategies a. Explain basic concepts of heredity and genetics. (CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CCR7,CCR8, CCR9, CS1, CS2, CS4, T1, T3, T5, BIOI2, BIOI4, BIOI5, BIOII3, G1, G2, G3, ZO3) a. Have students read content on Animal Genetics from the text and complete the Worksheet on Basic Principles of Heredity and Genetics. a. Evaluate student performance on the assignment on basic principles of heredity and genetics. ( See Worksheet on Basic Principles of Heredity and Genetics) b. Describe the processes of selective breeding including artificial insemination and embryo transfer. (CCR1, CCR2, CCR3,CCW6, CS1, CS2, CS4, T1, T3, T5, BIOI2, BIOI4, BIOI5, BIOII3, G1, G2, G3, ZO3) b. Divide students into groups. Have the students research the processes of selective breeding including artificial insemination and embryo transfer. Create a presentation discussing the economic importance and impact of these processes. Each group will present the findings to the class. b. Evaluate student responses to questions. Performance Task Choice of Livestock As a livestock buyer for a local farm, you are going to a livestock auction to purchase registered livestock. You need to make decisions on which breed of livestock to purchase. You will present the pros and cons of each breed of livestock using visual and oral presentation methods to the ranch owners (rest of the class). The presentation will be evaluated using the Presentation Rubric found in Appendix A. Attachments for Performance Task None Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 39 of 222 Unit Resources Books: Burton, L. (2010). Agriscience fundamentals and applications (5th ed.). Albany, NY: Delmar. Gillespie, J. R. (2010). Modern livestock and poultry production (8th ed.). Albany, NY: Delmar. Herren, R. (2007). The science of animal agriculture (3rd ed.). Albany, NY: Delmar. Herren, R. (2007). The science of animal agriculture lab manual (3rd ed.). Albany, NY: Delmar. Web sites: Burditt, L., Buchanan, D., & Fitch, J. (2011). Breeds of livestock. Retrieved September 26, 2011, from Oklahoma State University Department of Animal Science Web site: http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/breeds/ Mississippi State University. (2005). MSU cares: Livestock. Retrieved September 8, 2011, from http://msucares.com/livestock/index.html Oska, C. (2005). Animal science. Retrieved September 26, 2011, from http://www.glenrosearkansasffa.com/ Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 40 of 222 Unit 5: Science of Plants Understandings and Goals Enduring Understandings In this unit, the student will: • Flowering plants are composed of a system of roots, stems, leaves, and reproductive parts that function together to allow the plant to grow and produce food. • The processes of respiration, photosynthesis, and transpiration allow a plant to take in nutrients and water and transform these materials into energy, oxygen, and tissues. • Plant growth takes place through the processes of cell division, elongation, and differentiation. • Seeds are formed through a process of pollination in which pollen grains from the stamen fertilize ova in the pistil. • Each part of a seed plays an important role in the development of the young plant. • Seed germination is affected by a number of factors including temperature, moisture, light, and oxygen. • Plants require regular care for optimum growth and development. • Plants can be formed through asexual means such as cutting, layering, separation and division, tissue culture, and grafting. • Life cycle is defined as the length of time over which a plant grows to maturity and is able to reproduce itself. • The scientific classification of plants allows each animal to receive a specific formal name and shows relationships between and among different species. • Sixteen essential nutrients are necessary in varying amounts for optimum growth and development in plants. • The control of insects, diseases, and weeds in field crops is a major concern to producers because these pests reduce yields and cause losses. Essential Questions • How do the major parts of a flowering plant function together to cause the plant to grow, reproduce, and produce food? • How do the processes of respiration, photosynthesis, and transpiration work together in causing a plant to grow and reproduce? • How does a plant grow from a single cell to a complete plant? • What factors affect the process of seed formation? • How do the different parts of a seed contribute to plant growth and development? • How can seed germination rates be improved? • What types of care are needed for optimum plant growth? • What are the differences between asexual and sexual reproduction in plants? • What are the three most common life cycles in plants? • What is the scientific classification system, and why is it needed? • What are the essential nutrients required for optimum plant growth and development? • What are the different types of field-crop pests, and how does each type cause damage or loss to the crop? • What types of pest control methods exist, and what are their advantages and disadvantages? • How can producers develop the optimum plan for controlling pests in field crops? Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 41 of 222 Vocabulary Identify and review the unit vocabulary. Definitions will be located in Appendix B. Annual Asexual reproduction Biennial Chlorophyll Fertilizer Flowers Fungicides Germinate Herbicides Insecticides Leaf Macronutrients Micronutrients Perennial Photosynthesis Phototropism Propagation Respiration Roots Sexual reproduction Stems Terminal bud Transpiration Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 42 of 222 Suggested Learning Experiences Competency 1: Explore the anatomy and physiology of a plant. (DOK 2, AP) Suggested Performance Indicators Suggested Teaching Strategies Suggested Assessment Strategies a. Draw a diagram of a flowering plant and label and describe the major parts (roots, stems, leaves, and flowers). (CCR4, CCR5, CS1, CS2, CS3, CS4, CS5, T1, T2,T3, T6, BO1, BO2, BO3, BO4, BIOI1, BIOI2, BIOI4, CHI4) a. Have the students prepare a chart showing the major parts of a flowering plant and describing each part’s structure and function. Have students scan their charts and enter into their electronic journals. a. Evaluate using the Chart of Plant Parts and Functions Rubric. b. Compare the process of respiration, photosynthesis, and transpiration. (CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CS1, CS2, CS3, CS4, CS5, T1, T2,T3, T6, BO 1, BO2, BO3, BO4, BIOI1, BIOI2, BIOI4, CHI4) b. Have students prepare a chart showing the steps in the photosynthesis, respiration, and transpiration processes including the relationship and differences of each process to the others. (See Chart for Comparing Photosynthesis, Respiration, and Transpiration). b. Evaluate charts for accuracy and completeness. (See Chart for Comparing Photosynthesis, Respiration, and Transpiration). c. Examine the process of plant growth to include cell division, cell elongation, and cell differentiation. (CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CS1, CS2, CS3, CS4, CS5, T1, T2,T3, T6, BO1, BO2, BO3, BO4, BIOI1, BIOI2, BIOI4, CHI4) c. Have students research and read content related to plant growth and development and cell division, elongation, and differentiation. Have the students summarize their findings in their electronic journals. c. Evaluate students’ electronic journals for accuracy and completeness. Competency 2: Investigate common methods of plant reproduction. (DOK 1, AP, AO) Suggested Performance Indicators Suggested Teaching Strategies Suggested Assessment Strategies a. Analyze the process of seed formation to include pollination and fertilization. (CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CS1, CS2, CS3, CS4, CS5, T2, T3, T4, T6, BIOI1, BIOI4, BO3, BO5) a. Have students research and read content related to seed formation. Have students summarize their findings in their journals. a. Evaluate electronic journals for accuracy and completeness. b. Identify the parts of a seed and associate each part with its function. (CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CS1, CS2, CS3, CS4, CS5, T2, T3, T4, T6, BIOI1, BIOI4, BO3, B5) b. Have students research and read content related to parts of the seed. Have the students dissect a bean or other large seed and make a drawing of what they see, labeling each part and describing its function. Have students scan their drawings and enter into their electronic journals. b. Evaluate students’ drawings and descriptions for accuracy and completeness. c. Describe and apply factors essential to seed c. Have students research and read content related to seed germination. Have students answer the questions c. Evaluate students’ assignments for accuracy Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 43 of 222 germination. (CCR4, CCR5, CS1, CS2, CS3, CS4, CS5, BIOI1, BIOI4, BO3, BO5) on germination in the assignment Seed Germination. Have students conduct germination tests under different temperature, light, oxygen, and moisture conditions and note differences. and completeness. d. Observe and record data related to plant growth and reproduction. (CCW4, CCW10, CS1, CS2, CS3, CS4, CS5, T2, T3, T4, T6, BIOI1, BIOI4, BO3, BO5) d. The students will plant rye grass seeds. Have students plant, thin, and care for plants. Have students record data from their experiments using Plant Growth Chart. d. Evaluate student assignments for accuracy and completeness. (See Plant Growth Chart) e. Identify the five methods of asexual reproduction. (CCR4, CCR5, CS1, CS2, CS3, CS4, CS5, T2, T3, T4, T6, BIOI1, BIOI4, BO3, BO5) e. Through illustrations, students will identify the following methods of asexual reproduction: • Cutting • Layering • Separation and division • Tissue culture • Grafting e. Evaluate students’ understanding through a paper and pencil test. Competency 3: Apply classification methods to plants. (DOK 1, AP) Suggested Performance Indicators Suggested Teaching Strategies Suggested Assessment Strategies a. Classify plants based on life cycle. (CCR4, CCR5, CS1, CS2, CS4, T1, T2, T3, T6, BIOII5, BO3) a. Have students compile a list of plants from their local community based on life cycle (annual, biennial, and perennial. a. Class will discuss the plant lists. b. Examine the use of the binomial nomenclature (genus and species) classification system in horticulture. (CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CS1, CS2, CS4, T1, T2, T3, T6, BIOII5, BO3) b. Students will review scientific names of ornamental plants that can grow in the local area. Have students analyze the major components of a scientific name and explain why the scientific name process is necessary in their electronic journals. b. Use the quiz at the end of the activity as well as evaluating student journal entries for accuracy and completeness. Competency 4: Apply principles of plant nutrition. (DOK 1, AP) Suggested Performance Indicators Suggested Teaching Strategies Suggested Assessment Strategies a. Differentiate between the major plant nutrients (macronutrients) and the minor nutrients (micronutrients). (CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CS1, CS2, CS3, CS4, CS5, T3, T6, BIOI2, CHI1, BO4) a. Have students construct and complete a chart showing all 16 of the essential plant nutrients and classifying them as macronutrients and micronutrients. (See Plant Nutrient Chart.) The chart should also show the chemical symbol for each nutrient, functions of each nutrient (how it is used by the plant), and signs of nutrient deficiency. a. Evaluate the charts for accuracy and completeness. (See Plant Nutrient Chart.) b. Identify the chemical symbols of the 16 essential plant nutrients. (CCR4, CCR5, CS1, CS2, CS3, CS4, CS5, T3, T6, BIOI2, CHI1, BO4) b. Have students construct and complete a chart showing all 16 of the essential plant nutrients and classifying them as macronutrient and micronutrients. (See Plant Nutrient Chart.) The chart should also show the chemical symbol for each nutrient, functions of each nutrient (how it is used by the plant), and signs of nutrient deficiency. b. Evaluate the charts for accuracy and completeness. (See Plant Nutrient Chart.) Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 44 of 222 Competency 5: Explore basic concepts of pest management to include insect damage, weed damage, and diseases. (DOK 1, AP) Suggested Performance Indicators Suggested Teaching Strategies Suggested Assessment Strategies a. Identify the different types of plant pests and discuss how each class causes damage or loss to a crop. (CCR4, CCR5, CS1, CS2, CS3, CS4, CS5, T2, T6, BIOI6, BIOII4, ZO2, ZO3, ZO4) a. Have students construct a table that identifies the three major types of plant pests (insects, weeds, and diseases) and summarizes the ways in which each type causes damage or loss to crops. a. Evaluate charts for accuracy and completeness. (See Plant Pests and the Damage They Cause Assignment) b. Compare the different types of pest control measures. (CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CS1, CS2, CS3, CS4, CS5, T2, T6, BIOI6, BIOII4, ZO2, ZO3, ZO4) b. Have students compare and contrast pest control strategies: regulatory control, host resistance, biological control, cultural control, physical and mechanical control, and chemical control. Develop an integrated pest management plan on a given crop to include three control practices. b. Evaluate the IPM plan for content and clarity. Performance Task Horticulturist 101 You are a horticulturist in a local community and have been invited to speak at the local garden club. Prepare a presentation on planting and maintaining a small vegetable garden. You should include details such as site selection criterion, types of plants, fertilizer requirements, irrigation methods, length of growing season, and methods of pest control. Attachments for Performance Task Evaluate using the Presentation Rubric in attachment Appendix A. Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 45 of 222 Unit Resources Books: Burton, L. (2010). Agriscience fundamentals and applications (5th ed.). Albany, NY: Delmar. Cooper, E. L., & Burton, L. D. (2009). Agriscience: Fundamentals and application (5th ed.). Albany, NY: Delmar. EduSelf Multimedia. (2010). Better plants and gardens [CD-ROM]. Englewood, NJ: Author. Reiley, H. E., & Shry, C. (2011). Introductory horticulture (8th ed.). Albany, NY: Delmar. Web sites: Horticulture. (n.d.).Retrieved September 10, 2011, from http://www.hortmag.com/ Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 46 of 222 Unit 6: Soil Science Understandings and Goals Enduring Understandings In this unit, the student will: • Soil is the most important natural resource that must be protected and conserved. • Soil is a naturally occurring substance that is formed over centuries through chemical and physical weathering processes. • Soil texture refers to the amount of sand, silt, and clay particles that are present in the soil. Native soils are composed of different layers of materials. • One important concept of soil conservation is that land can be classified according to its highest productive use. • Factors that determine the highest productive use of a given plot of land include soil texture, slope, fertility, erosion potential, and internal drainage. • An accurate soil test is important in determining the need for additional fertilizer and other soil amendments. • As the pH of a soil changes, the availability of existing nutrients in the soil changes. Essential Questions • Why is soil an important natural resource? • How is soil formed? • How do I determine the texture of a soil? • What are the different layers of the soil profile? • What is the meaning of the term highest productive use? • What factors determine the highest productive use of a plot of land? • How do I obtain a representative sample of soil from a given area for testing purposes? • How does the pH of a soil affect its productivity and fertility? • How do I correct deficiencies in soil fertility? Vocabulary Identify and review the unit vocabulary. Definitions will be located in Appendix B. Erosion Land capability class Leach Microbes Organic matter Permeable pH Soil Soil profile Texture Tillable Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 47 of 222 Suggested Learning Experiences Competency 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of soil as a natural resource. (DOK2, AE, AN) Suggested Performance Indicators Suggested Teaching Strategies Suggested Assessment Strategies a. Associate the definition of soil with its importance. (CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CCL4, CS1, CS2, CS3, CS4, CS5, T2, T3, T4, T6, CHI 1, E 4, E 5, ES 3, GE1, GE2) a. Have students write short paragraphs for electronic journals that summarize the definition of soil and describe three reasons why soil is important to society. a. Evaluate students’ understanding as well as evaluating the journals for accuracy and completeness. b. Describe the process of soil formation including the effects of chemical and physical weathering. (CCR4, CCR5, CS1, CS2, CS3, CS4, CS5, T2, T3, T4, T6, CHI1, E4, E5, ES3, GE1, GE2) b. Summarize the important concepts associated with each of the factors associated with soil formation and place these in the electronic journals. b. Evaluate the students’ journals for accuracy and completeness. c. Classify the texture of a soil. (CCR4, CCR5, CCW4, CCW10CS1, CS2, CS3, CS4, CS5, T2, T3, T4, T6, CHI1, E4, E5, ES3, GE1, GE2) c. Have students research the texture of soil. Have students answer the questions in the Summarize section of the activity and record their answers in their electronic journals. c. Evaluate the students’ journals for accuracy and completeness. d. Identify the different layers of a typical soil profile and describe their importance. (CCR4, CCR5, CS1, CS2, CS3, CS4, CS5, T2, T3, T4, T6, CHI1, E4, E5, ES3, GE1, GE2) d. Have the students make a drawing of a soil profile. Have students record their answers to the questions in the Summarize section of the activity in their electronic journals. d. Evaluate the students’ journals for accuracy and completeness. Competency 2: Investigate the use of the land capability classification system. (DOK 1, AN, AE) Suggested Performance Indicators Suggested Teaching Strategies Suggested Assessment Strategies a. Describe the concepts of land classification and highest productive use. (CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CS1, CS2, CS3, CS4, CS5, T2, T3, T4, T6, E5, ES3) a. In their electronic journals, have students summarize the important concepts regarding land classification and highest productive use. a. Evaluate the students’ electronic journal entries for accuracy and completeness. b. Identify and describe factors that contribute to land capability. (CCR4, CCR5, CS1, CS2, CS3, CS4, CS5, T2, T3, T4, T6, E5, ES3) b. Have students research and read content related to land capability. Have the students construct a chart showing the relationship of slope, internal drainage, erosion potential, and fertility to each of the eight land capability classes. (See Land Capability Classification Chart.) b. Evaluate the students’ electronic journal entries for accuracy and completeness. (See Land Capability Classification Chart.) Competency 3: Investigate the chemical properties of soils. (DOK 2, AP, AN, AE) Suggested Performance Suggested Teaching Strategies Suggested Assessment Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 48 of 222 Indicators Strategies a. Develop a soil testing plan for a given field or area. (CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CS1, CS2, CS3, CS4, CS5, T2, T3, T4, T6, CHI5) a. Have the students prepare a sketch of a plot of land identifying prominent features and differences in soil type and slope. From this sketch, have the students mark 10–20 random spots where soil should be sampled. a. Use the Checklist for Evaluating a Sketch of a Land Plot to evaluate the sketches developed by the students. Essential elements should include a title block, a sketch of the area to be sampled, identifying landmarks and features, and changes in soil texture and surface slope. For small plots, 10 random spots should be marked. For larger plots, 20 random spots should be marked. b. Take a soil sample for testing purposes. (CS1, CS2, CS3, CS4, CS5, T2, T3, T4, T6, CHI5) b. Have the students use their sketches to collect and process a soil sample for fertility testing purposes. The sample should be properly labeled and include a data sheet. b. Use the Checklist for Soil Sample Collection and Preparation to evaluate the students’ ability to collect and process a soil sample. c. Describe how soil pH affects productivity of a soil. (CCW4, CCW10, CS1, CS2, CS3, CS4, CS5, T2, T3, T4, T6, CHI5) c. Have the students read the section in the text that deals with soil pH and pH adjustment. Have them discuss in their own words the concept of pH and how it affects soil productivity and nutrients. Have them summarize their findings in their electronic journals. c. Evaluate electronic journals for completeness and accuracy. d. Test a soil for pH and nutritional content and make recommendations on amendments and fertilizers to be applied. (CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CCR4, CCR5, CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CS1, CS2, CS3, CS4, CS5, T2, T3, T4, T6, CHI5) d. Using a soil testing kit, have the students conduct a test of a soil sample to determine pH and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium levels. Have students then make written recommendations as to fertilizers and other soil amendments that should be applied to the plot of land that was sampled. d. Observe students using the soil kit to make sure they are following procedures. Evaluate their recommendations for accuracy. Performance Task It’s a Dirty Job-SOIL Collect a soil sample and complete the information sheet needed for the MSU Soil testing center. Your neighbor is having trouble growing grass in one of their 15 food plots. The grass is not growing as much as it is in other plots. He has asked you for your assistance. Using a soil survey report, analyze the needs of your neighbor’s food plot. What would be your recommendation to improve the food plot? Compare your recommendations to that of the MSU lab. Evaluate the activity by comparing the student’s recommendations to the MSU lab recommendations. Attachments for Performance Task None Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 49 of 222 Unit Resources Books: Cooper, E. L., & Burton, L. D. (2009). Agriscience: Fundamentals and application (5th ed.). Albany, NY: Delmar. Burton, L. (2010). Agriscience fundamentals and applications (5th ed.). Albany, NY: Delmar. Camp, W. G., & Daugherty, T. B. (2008). Managing our natural resources (4th ed.). Albany, NY: Delmar. CEV Video. (n.d.). Land judging made easy [DVD]. Lubbock, TX: Author. Crouse, K. (2008). Instructions on land judging in Mississippi. Mississippi State, MS: Mississippi State University Extension Service. Crouse, K., & McCarty, W. (2010). Soil testing for the farmer. Mississippi State, MS: Mississippi State University Extension Service. Discovery Education. (n.d.). Conservation of natural resources [CD-ROM]. Silver Spring, MD: Author. Fickle, J. (2001). Mississippi forests and forestry. Jackson, MS: Mississippi Forestry Foundation. Holland, I. I., & Rolf, G. L. (2003). Forests and forestry (6th ed.). Lebanon, IN: Pearson. Irwin, K. M. (2004). Science of forestry management. Winterville, GA: AAVIM. Plaster, E. J. (2008). Soil science and management. Clifton Park, NJ: Thomson Delmar. Reiley, H. E., & Shry, C. (2011). Introductory horticulture (8th ed.) Albany, NY: Delmar. Web sites: Mississippi State Cooperative Extension Service. (n.d.). Forestry for beginners. Retrieved September 8, 2011, from http://msucares.com/forestry/topics/beginning-forestry.html National Geographic Society. (2010). Alternative energy [Digital video]. Retrieved September 15, 2011, from http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/player/environment/energy-environment/alternative- energy.html?fs=science.nationalgeographic.com Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 50 of 222 Unit 7: Agricultural Lab Operations and Safety Understandings and Goals Enduring Understandings In this unit, the student will learn: • Safety is an integral part of daily life. • Rules and regulations are essential to a safe work environment. • Safe use and proper choice of tools is important to safely complete a welding job. • Understanding common safety violations and the consequences of committing unsafe acts is important in the workplace. • Typical applications of oxy-fuel welding and brazing are important. • Safety procedures must be followed in oxy-fuel cutting. • Identifying and correctly using personal protective devices is imperative in the welding craft. • Welders should be able to identify and correct welding safety issues in the work environment. • Welders should be able to exhibit a working knowledge of striking and extinguishing an arc using SMAW, GTAW, and GMAW practices. • Welders should be able to distinguish among horizontal, vertical, and overhead welding positions using SMAW, GTAW, and GMAW. Essential Questions • What would happen if there were no rules and regulations? • Why do we have safety rules and regulations? • How do fires happen, and how do you extinguish a fire? • What happens when you choose the improper tool for the job or use a tool in an incorrect manner? • What is the difference between oxy-fuel and oxy-acetylene? • How and where is oxy-fuel used in the welding area? Why do welders wear protective clothing? • Why worry about electrical safety in welding? • Why is it harder to strike an arc on low power supply current settings? • How can you finish the weld without leaving a crater in the end of the bead? Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 51 of 222 Vocabulary Identify and review the unit vocabulary. Definitions will be located in Appendix B. Amps Arc Backfire Conductor Electricity Electrode Exhaust Flashback Ignition Insulator Neutral flame Ohms Regulator Resistance Rpm Short circuit Stroke Tensile Tip cleaner Volts Watts Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 52 of 222 Suggested Learning Experiences Competency 1: Identify safety procedures and safety devices for the agricultural workplace. (DOK 1, AT) Suggested Performance Indicators Suggested Teaching Strategies Suggested Assessment Strategies a. Describe procedures for maintaining a clean and safe workplace environment and the use of all protective devices. (CCR4, CCR5, CS1, CS4, CS12, CS13, CS14, CS15, CS16) a. Students will create safety posters illustrating these rules to be posted in the laboratory areas. a. Evaluate using the Poster Rubric. b. Demonstrate rules for hand/power tools including basic operation, danger point, observer safety, and electrical safety. (CCR4, CCR5, CS1, CS4) b. Students will design and perform a role-play or skit. The students will demonstrate and discuss rules for safe use of hand and power tools including basic operation, danger points, and observe safety procedures. b. Evaluate using the Role play-Skit Rubric. c. Explain the relationship between volts, amps, and watts. Demonstrate use of the voltmeter, amp meter, pliers, screwdriver, wire cutters, and wire strippers. Discuss the causes of electrical accidents including short circuits, overloads, improper insulation, and presence of moisture. (CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CS1, CS4, PS2, PHYI5) c. Have students use the Internet or classroom resources to gain a basic understanding of the assigned electrical task. Have students write the mathematical calculations and sketch the drawing that represents the task in their journals. Students can use classroom tools or a graphing calculator and presentation equipment to enter data related to various voltages and currents. They should graph the resulting resistances to demonstrate the relationships between volts, amps, and watts and record information in their journals. c. Journals will be peer reviewed. d. Demonstrate procedures for preventing electrical accidents such as use of proper tools, proper working environment, and disconnecting of power when working on circuits (lockout-tagout), breakers, fuses, ground fault connector interrupters, control switches, proper grounding, and safety d. Students complete a laboratory project to wire a simple circuit. d. Evaluate using the Job Sheet/Performance Rubric. Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 53 of 222 devices. (CCR4, CCR5, CS1, CS4, PS2, PHYI5), Competency 2: Identify common equipment, tools, and safety procedures and perform the various welding processes. (DOK 1, AT) Suggested Performance Indicators Suggested Teaching Strategies Suggested Assessment Strategies a. Identify major types of welders including the shield metal arc welding (SMAW), gas metal arc welding (GMAW), and gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW). (CCR4, CCR5, CS1, CS4, PS2, PHYI5) a. Use a video or PowerPoint presentation to identify the different types of welders and the tools and equipment used in welding. a. Evaluate using a written test on welding equipment and tool identification. b. Describe and identify different welding supplies used in welding: low hydrogen, mild steel and alloy welding electrodes and the types of gases involved in the SMAW process. (CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CS1, CS4, PS2, PHYI5) b. Invite a representative from the welding industry to discuss welding supplies and equipment needed in welding. Have students summarize the presentation in their electronic journals. b. Evaluate the Guest Speaker Evaluation Form and evaluate each journal using the Journal rubric. c. Perform welding techniques including start, stop, and restart, pad construction, flat butt construction, beads, T, lap, corner, edge, and butt utilizing the appropriate welding process (SMAW, GMAW, and/or GTAW). (CS1, CS4) (GTAW- NOT ON CPAS) c. Demonstrate the procedures for the following using the appropriate welding process(es) (SMAW, GMAW, and/or GTAW): • Start, stop, and restart • pad construction • flat butt construction • beads • T • lap • corner • edge • butt c. Evaluate using the Activity Performance Rubric. Competency 3: Apply safety procedures and perform tasks using oxyacetylene equipment. (DOK 1, AT) Suggested Performance Indicators Suggested Teaching Strategies Suggested Assessment Strategies a. Identify, discuss, and demonstrate parts of the oxyacetylene welding and cutting equipment. (CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CCR4, CCR5, CS1, CS4, PS2, PHYI5) (Safety procedures will be addressed through the oxyacetylene content) a. Scavenger Hunt – Students will be given a list of oxy cutting equipment. Students will search a given area and find items on the list. Students will describe each item to the class (function and approximate cost). a. Evaluate the scavenger hunt by using the Scavenger Hunt Questionnaire. Knowledge areas in which students appear lost or weak will be reviewed. Have students redo the exercise if they are weak in knowledge in those areas. b. Identify the different b. Students will demonstrate the adjustments needed b. Evaluate using the Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 54 of 222 types of oxyacetylene flames and the applications of each to include neutral, oxidizing, and carburizing. (CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CS1, CS4, PS2, PHYI5) to create each type of flame. Discuss the different types of oxyacetylene flames and their applications. Activity Performance Rubric. c. Assemble and operate oxyacetylene welding and cutting equipment. Set up equipment for cutting operations to include selecting the proper tip and setting regulator pressures. Practice the “pushing the puddle” procedure for heat control in welding. (CS1, CS4, PS2, PHYI5) c. Students will demonstrate and discuss the procedures for setting up oxyacetylene equipment including selecting and attaching the proper tip and adjusting pressure regulators. • Demonstrate the practice of “pushing the puddle” on a mild steel plate to control heat of the base metal. • Demonstrate the practice for making a cut in mild steel. c. Evaluate using the Activity Performance Rubric. Competency 4: Examine the major parts and function of a small engine. (DOK 1, AT) NOT ON CPAS Suggested Performance Indicators Suggested Teaching Strategies Suggested Assessment Strategies a. Identify the major systems of a small gasoline engine to include ignition, air intake, lubrication, power train, cooling, exhaust, and fuel systems. Identification will include the purpose or function of each component. (CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CS1, CS4) a. Use a videotape or PowerPoint presentation to identify and illustrate the major systems of a small gasoline engine, including their function or purpose. a. Give a written test on major parts and functions of a small engine. b. Identify and demonstrate the use of hand tools and diagnostic instruments. (CS1, CS4) b. Set up a display of the different common and specialty tools and instruments used in small engine service and repair. Discuss the safe and proper use of each tool or instrument. Have students make a drawing of each tool and note its use in their notebook/journal. b. Peer review the journal. c. Explore two- and four- cycle engines. (CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CCR4, CCR5, CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CS1, CS4) c. Have the student draw diagrams and write a paragraph tracing the events of a four-cycle and two- cycle engine and identify different characteristics of each type in their notebooks/journals. Item to address: • Trace events in the intake, compression, power, and exhaust strokes of a two- and four-cycle small engine. • Compare differences in two- and four-stroke cycle engines to indicate absence or presence of c. Evaluate using the Journal Rubric. Evaluate using the Activity Performance Rubric. Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 55 of 222 oil sump, mixed fuel, and labeling indicating stroke type. • Perform preventive maintenance and troubleshooting on a small engine. • Service a crankcase breather. • Diagnose ignition concerns. Provide students with an operator’s manual for a given engine. Have them follow manufacturer’s recommendations in servicing the different systems on the engine. Provide students with a checklist for diagnosing problems in a small engine. Provide them with different scenarios and have them identify what they would do to troubleshoot an engine with a specific problem. Evaluate using the Performance rubric. Performance Task Welding Fabricator You have been asked to design and build a shop project. The buyer (Instructor) will give you the basic idea for the project. As the designer you will design the project and present the project to the buyer. Once the buyer approves the project, you will build the item and present it to the buyer for final approval. The presentation must include a bill of material, material list, and a sketch/blueprint of the item. Evaluate the presentation using the Presentation Rubric found in Appendix A. Attachments for Performance Task None Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 56 of 222 Unit Resources Books: Burkybile, C., Johnson, D., Lee, J., & Shelhamer, C. (2005). Agricultural power & technology. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. Herren, R. (2010). Agricultural mechanics: Fundamentals & applications. Clifton Park, NJ: Delmar/Cengage. Phipps, L., Miller, G., & Lee, J. (2004). Introduction to agricultural mechanics. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. Web sites: Mississippi FFA Association. (2011). Mississippi FFA career development event rules and regulations. Retrieved on June 9, 2011 from http://www.mde.k12.ms.us/vocational/FFA/ Peavy, V. (n.d.). Tractor Safety, Maintenance, and Operation. Retrieved on June 11, 2011 from http://www.gaaged.org/ Spurlin, J. (n.d.). Troubleshooting Small Engines. Retrieved June 11, 2011 from http://www.gaaged.org/ Understanding Simple Machines. (n.d.). (PowerPoint). Retrieved June 11, 2011 from http://www.gaaged.org/ United States Department of Agriculture. (n.d.). A history of American agriculture: Farm machinery and technology. Retrieved June 11, 2011 from http://www.agclassroom.org Other: CEV Video. (n.d.). CEV Pathway: Power, Structural & Technical Systems Pathway [DVD]. Lubbock, TX: Author. Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 57 of 222 Unit 8: Orientation/Careers/Leadership Understandings and Goals Enduring Understandings In this unit, the student will: • In addition to the technical skills required to obtain a job, people need essential life and career skills to succeed in a career including leadership, team-building and human-relations skills, and work ethics and values. • The FFA is an integral part of the Agricultural and Environmental Science and Technology program, promoting leadership, human relations, and technical skill attainment and providing recognition for accomplishments. • Leadership is the ability to influence people to accomplish the goals and objectives of an organization. • Leadership skills can be learned. • Work ethics and values are essential for success in all career fields. Essential Questions • What are the necessary life and career skills for success in the modern world? • What is the role of the FFA in the ANR program? • What is leadership? • What are the traits of successful leaders? • What is the role of work ethics and values in establishing and building a successful career? Vocabulary Identify and review the unit vocabulary. Definitions will be located in Appendix B. FFA Human relations Leadership Parliamentary procedure Work ethics Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 58 of 222 Suggested Learning Experiences Competency 1: Review safety rules and behavior. (DOK 1) Suggested Performance Indicators Suggested Teaching Strategies Suggested Assessment Strategies a. Identify safety rules and behavior for the classroom. (CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CS1, CS2, CS3, CS4, CS5, T2, T6) a. Identify and discuss with the students basic safety rules and behavior for the classroom, shop, and laboratory areas using handouts, PowerPoint presentations, demonstrations, and/or videos. (Note: Instruction in safety is an ongoing process throughout the school year. Safety will be stressed and monitored on a daily basis.) a. Give a written test on safety practices. (The teacher may use the Farm Bureau safety test found on B.R.I.D.G.E. Agriculture Education Blackboard site.) b. Identify safety rules and behavior for the shop and laboratory areas. (CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CS1, CS5) b. Students will participate in safety role-play to support safety rule understanding. b. Assessment of safety will be included as part of the assessment of all shop and laboratory activities. Competency 2: Select careers in agriculture and natural resources. (DOK 1) Suggested Performance Indicators Suggested Teaching Strategies Suggested Assessment Strategies a. Compare the careers available in agriculture and natural resources. (CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CS1, CS2, CS3, CS4, CS5, T2, T3, T4, T6) a. The teacher will review opportunities available in the following agriculture and natural resource areas: Agriculture Production, Agriculture Mechanics, Agriculture Processing, Forestry, Horticulture, Agriculture Business, Aquaculture, and Natural Resources. Have students identify one area that is of interest to them and identify an expert within this area. Students will create a portfolio in their journals with ongoing information and communication with the expert to include important characteristics of their occupations including factors such as educational requirements, working conditions, career ladders, etc. Tasks to be completed: • Resume • Letter of Application a. Evaluate using the Journal Rubric. Evaluate the resume using the Resume Assessment Rubric. Evaluate the Letter of Application using the Letter of Application Rubric. Competency 3: Develop an individual FFA activity plan. (DOK 1) Suggested Performance Indicators Suggested Teaching Strategies Suggested Assessment Strategies a. Identify FFA activities and programs that contribute to career advancement and individual achievement. (CCR7,CCR8, CCR9, CS12, CS13, CS14, a. Have students use the FFA Manual, Student Handbook, PowerPoint presentations, FFA organization web site (www.ffa.org), Local Program Success Guide, and LifeKnowledge lesson handouts and worksheets to identify and describe the different FFA events, programs, and degrees and explore how each a. Evaluate using the Presentation Rubric. Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 59 of 222 CS15, CS16) contributes to career advancement and individual achievement. Students will create a PowerPoint presentation. b. Select and document FFA activities and programs that contribute to personal development. (CCW4, CCW10, CS1, CS12, CS13, CS14, CS15, CS16) b. Have each student select FFA activities, events, and/or award programs to participate in the coming year(s). Have students keep an ongoing journal of preparation for FFA activities as part of their supervised experience program. b. Evaluate using the Journal Rubric. Competency 4: Develop and present a 3-5 min multimedia presentation on an agriculture or natural resource topic. (DOK 1) Suggested Performance Indicators Suggested Teaching Strategies Suggested Assessment Strategies a. Discuss guidelines for preparing a successful presentation: preparation, resource development, writing skills, and presentation skills. (CCW4, CCW10, CCSL4, CCSL5, CCSL6, CS9, CS10, CS11) a. Discuss and demonstrate presentation techniques and guidelines with the students. Show videos of examples of speeches and have students evaluate the speaker and topic using the FFA scorecard. Have students research, prepare, and deliver a 3-5 min speech on their selected occupation. a. Students and teacher will evaluate the speeches using the scorecard found in the Mississippi FFA Contest Handbook. Evaluate using the FFA Prepared Public Speaking Scorecard found in FFA materials. Competency 5: Apply the principles of leadership and personal development. (DOK 1) Suggested Performance Indicators Suggested Teaching Strategies Suggested Assessment Strategies a. Identify and demonstrate the principles of leadership and personal development. (CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CS1, CS4, CS16) a. Discuss with the students characteristics of a good leader. Using a chart, PowerPoint presentation, or video, identify and describe the characteristics of a good leader. Have students demonstrate leadership by taking turns in a supervisory role in the classroom, shop, and/or laboratory. a. Give a written test on principles of leadership and personal development. Competency 6: Maintain Supervised Agricultural Experience records. (DOK 1) Suggested Performance Indicators Suggested Teaching Strategies Suggested Assessment Strategies a. Maintain records as they relate to SAE activities. (CCW4, CCW10, CS1, CS4, CS13) a. Review procedures for maintaining records of SAE activities. Students will maintain records of SAE activities throughout the year using an approved record book. Items to include: • Records of income and expenses related to SAE activities • Skills learned through SAE • SAE supplementary projects (improvement projects, community service projects, etc.) a. Give a written test on SAE records. Make monthly or quarterly checks of students’ record books. Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 60 of 222 Performance Task My First Real Job As a prospective employee, you will prepare a letter of application and a resume. You will choose a time and date for your interview. The interviewer will be a representative from agriculture companies. Attachments for Performance Task None Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 61 of 222 Unit Resources Refer to Unit 1 for resource information Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 62 of 222 Unit 9: Science of the Agricultural Environment Understandings and Goals Enduring Understandings • The atmosphere is a combination of gases, water vapor, and other materials that sustains life on earth. • The atmosphere can be divided into distinguishable layers with each layer playing a different function. • The relationship between the weather and the environment is complex. • Climates can be defined using scientific factors such as latitude, longitude, and temperature. • The movement of the earth in orbit plays a major role in how weather patterns develop. • Weather maps are used to predict and analyze the weather. • Air quality is affected by the amount of foreign material in the air. • Global pollution occurs through the movement of air. • Air pollution comes from many sources. • Air pollution can have a negative effect on the environment. • Air pollution levels can be detected in the air around you. Essential Questions • What is the atmosphere made of? • What are the various layers of the atmosphere? • How do the weather and the environment impact each other? • How are climates defined? • How does the movement of the earth affect weather fronts? • What environmental factors are considered when analyzing the weather? • How is air quality defined? • How does global pollution occur? • What causes air pollution? • What are the effects of air pollution on the environment? • How can air pollution be detected? Vocabulary Identify and review the unit vocabulary. Definitions will be located in Appendix B. Alternative energy Conservation Decomposer Domestic species Ecosystem Effluent Exhaustible resources Industrial solid waste Inexhaustible natural resources Renewable natural resources Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 63 of 222 Suggested Learning Experiences Competency 1: Examine the relationship of the atmosphere to the earth’s environment. (DOK 1, AN) Suggested Performance Indicators Suggested Teaching Strategies Suggested Assessment Strategies a. Define atmosphere and describe its contents. (CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CS2, T3, CH14, ES1, ES2, ES3) a. Identify atmosphere and describe the air, moisture, and particulates in it. a. Evaluate using a pencil and paper test. b. Diagram and describe the structure of the atmosphere. (CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CS1, CS2, CS4, T1, T2, T3, CH14, ES1, ES2, ES3) b. Have students draw and label the structure of the atmosphere. Identify the layers and describe their location, characteristics, and special functions. b. Evaluate the diagram of the atmosphere using the Checklist for Evaluating the Diagram of the Atmosphere.. Competency 2: Use weather and climate information in making decisions about the environment. (DOK 2, AE) Suggested Performance Indicators Suggested Teaching Strategies Suggested Assessment Strategies a. Distinguish between weather and environment. (CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CS2, T4, ES1, ES2, ES3) a. Compare and contrast weather and the environment. Include where weather forms and describe the four common weather measurements: temperature, moisture, wind speed and direction, and pressure, including the units used to measure each. a. Evaluate using a pencil and paper test. b. Explore the relationship of latitude, longitude, and altitude to climate. (CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CS1, CS2, T3, T6, ES1, ES2, ES3) b. Review the use of latitude and longitude measurements. Discuss the effects of latitude and longitude, altitude, moisture, and temperature measurements on climates. Have students use an online mapping site (Google Earth, TerraServer, etc.) or a mapping GPS to locate the longitude and latitude of cities and classify them as being in the temperate and tropical regions. b. Grade the assignment to locate longitude and latitude. Competency 3: Assess air quality and identify sources of air pollution. (DOK 2, AN,AE) Suggested Performance Indicators Suggested Teaching Strategies Suggested Assessment Strategies a. Define air quality and relate quality to pollution and air-quality standards. (CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CS2, T2, T3, T4, ES1, ES2, ES3) a. Define air quality, air pollution, and air-quality standards. Show the relationship between each. a. Instructors can use the Environmental Science Weather Test or another pencil and paper test. b. Explain the movement of air and global pollution. (CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CS2, T3, ES1, ES2, ES3) b. Explain the relationship of air movement and pollution globally. Explain how weather fronts play a role in the movement. b. Instructors can use the Environmental Science Weather Test or another pencil and paper test. c. Describe the major kinds and sources of air c. Describe gases, particulate matter, and metal materials as they relate to air pollution. Assign students c. Use the Air Pollution Presentation Rubric to Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 64 of 222 pollution. (CCR4, CCR5, CS1, CS2, CS3, T2, T5, T6, ES1, ES2, ES3) to research the major kinds and sources of air pollution and report to the class with a PowerPoint presentation describing one of the major sources of air pollution, how it is created, and the effects on the environment. assess student mastery. d. Identify the effects of air pollution on the earth’s environment. (CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CS3, T2, T3, ES1, ES2, ES3) d. Identify the effects of air pollution on human health problems, other animals, plants, and other organisms and climate. Include information from this indicator on the presentation. d. Use the Detecting Air Pollution Activity Presentation Rubric to assess student mastery. Competency 4: Explore concepts and practices related to wildlife conservation and management. (DOK 1, AN, AE ) Suggested Performance Indicators Suggested Teaching Strategies Suggested Assessment Strategies a. Create a diagram illustrating the interrelationships among the soil, plants, animals, and humans. (CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CS1, CS2, CS3, CS4, CS5, T2, T6, ES1, ES2, ES3) a. Discuss the interrelationships among soil, plants, animals, and humans. Have students prepare a diagram illustrating these relationships. a. Give a written test on concepts and practices of wildlife conservation and management. b. Discuss the concept of a food web. (CCSL4, CS1, CS2, CS3, CS4, CS5, T2, T6, ES1, ES2, ES3) b. Have students prepare a KWL diagram showing a food web for a given species. b. Evaluate using the KWL diagram. c. Identify and discuss conservation and management of wildlife. (CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CS1, CS2, CS3, CS4, CS5, T2, T6, ES1, ES2, ES3) c. Divide the students into groups. Each group will design a visual presentation discussing the different approaches to wildlife conservation and management. c. Evaluate using the Group Presentation Rubric. d. Research a given species of wildlife to determine habitat and management practices. (CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CS1, CS2, CS3, CS4, CS5, T2, T6, ES1, ES2, ES3) d. Assign a given species of wildlife to each student. Have the student research and compile a report on habitat and management practices. Have students present the findings to the class. d. Evaluate using the Written Report Rubric. Evaluate the presentation using the Presentation Rubric. Performance Task Performance Task Title As a consultant for a natural resource group, you have been asked to prepare and present a PowerPoint presentation to a group of elementary students. The topic will be exhaustible/inexhaustible and renewable/nonrenewable resources. The presentation should last about 15 to 20 min. Evaluate the presentation using the Presentation Rubric found in Appendix A. Attachments for Performance Task None Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 65 of 222 Unit Resources Books: Burton, L. (2010). Agriscience fundamentals and applications (5th ed.). Albany, NY: Delmar. Camp, W. G., & Daugherty, T. B. (2008). Managing our natural resources (4th ed.). Albany, NY: Delmar. CEV Video. (n.d.). Land judging made easy [DVD]. Lubbock, TX: Author. Crouse, K. (2008). Instructions on land judging in Mississippi. Mississippi State, MS: Mississippi State University Extension Service. Crouse, K., & McCarty, W. (2010). Soil testing for the farmer. Mississippi State, MS: Mississippi State University Extension Service. Discovery Education. (n.d.). Conservation of natural resources [CD-ROM]. Silver Spring, MD: Author. Fickle, J. (2001). Mississippi forests and forestry. Jackson, MS: Mississippi Forestry Foundation. Holland, I. I., & Rolf, G. L. (2003). Forests and forestry (6th ed.). Lebanon, IN: Pearson. Irwin, K. M. (2004). Science of forestry management. Winterville, GA: AAVIM. Plaster, E. J. (2008). Soil science and management. Clifton Park, NJ: Thomson Delmar. Web sites: Mississippi State Cooperative Extension Service. (n.d.). Forestry for beginners. Retrieved June 8, 2011, from http://msucares.com/forestry/topics/beginning-forestry.html Society of American Foresters. (2010). About forestry. Retrieved June 8, 2011, from http://www.safnet.org/about/index.cfm Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 66 of 222 Unit 10: Water Quality Management Understandings and Goals Enduring Understandings In this unit, the student will: • The availability of water is dependent on its physical state. • Water is classified based upon its salt content. • Water is essential for all forms of life and is used for many purposes. • Water comes from sources below and on the surface of the earth. • The amount of water on the earth never changes. • Flowing bodies of water have different characteristics than non-flowing bodies of water. • Water pollution originates from both known and unknown sources of contamination. • Water quality can be monitored by regularly testing the water for certain chemical indicators. • Potable water can be consumed by humans. • Wastewater is produced by agricultural, industrial, and residential sources. • Wastewater can be hazardous to humans, animals, and the environment. • There are various methods and treatments for wastewater management that prevent it from being a hazard to the environment. Essential Questions • What is the chemical and physical makeup of water? • How does the salt content of water affect its usefulness? • Why is water so important? • What is the difference between surface and groundwater? • How does the water cycle work? • What is the difference between flowing and non-flowing bodies of water? • What causes water pollution? • How do you test for the quality of water? • What is potable water? • Where does wastewater come from? • What makes wastewater so hazardous? • How is wastewater treated and handled? Vocabulary Identify and review the unit vocabulary. Definitions will be located in Appendix B. Nonpoint source pollution Pathogens Point source pollution Potable water Stream Stream flow Stream hydrology Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 67 of 222 Suggested Learning Experiences Competency 1: Explore concepts of water usage and quality. (DOK 1, AN) Suggested Performance Indicators Suggested Teaching Strategies Suggested Assessment Strategies a. Describe the nature and states of water. (CCR4, CCR5, CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CS1, CS2, CS3, CS4, CS5, T2, T3, T4,AQ1, AQ2, AQ3, AQ4, ES3) a. Identify the chemical makeup of water and describe the characteristics of its three physical states (solid, liquid, and gas). Discuss how each physical state affects the availability of water for agricultural use. a. Use a pencil and paper test to evaluate students’ understanding. b. Compare the classifications of water. (CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CS2, T2, T3, AQ1, AQ2, AQ3, AQ4, ES3) b. Compare and contrast the three classifications of water (freshwater, brackish water, and saltwater). Assign students in groups of two or three to research three examples of species that live in each classification and give a general physical description of the type of species. Students will present their findings to the class. b. Use the Fish Research Group Project Rubric to assess students’ mastery. c. Identify important uses of water. (CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CS2, CS4, T2, T3, T4,AQ1, AQ2, AQ3, AQ4, ES3) c. Discuss the major uses of water and its importance (daily living, support of life processes, impacts on climate, manufacturing, transportation, and recreation). Have students keep a daily diary for 1 week listing ways they come into contact with and use water, estimating the amount they used, and identifying ways in which water could be conserved. Students can use the Student Water Use Diary for this activity. c. Have students peer review their daily diaries and comment on additional ways in which water could be conserved. (See Student Water Use Diary Checklist.) d. Identify sources of water. (CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CS1, CS2, T3, AQ1, AQ2, AQ3, AQ4, ES3) d. Describe the two major sources of water (surface and groundwater). Explain the path water follows throughout a watershed. Assign students to conduct a reflective essay explaining their understanding of the differences between groundwater and surface water. d. Use the Reflective Writing Rubric on the Differences between Ground Water and Surface Water to evaluate the reflective writing exercise on student understanding of ground and surface water sources. Competency 2: Describe important water management practices. (DOK 2, AN ) Suggested Performance Indicators Suggested Teaching Strategies Suggested Assessment Strategies a Diagram and describe the water cycle. (CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CS1, CS2, CS3, CS4, CS5, T2, T6, AQ1, AQ2, AQ3, AQ4, ES1, ES2, ES3) a. Provide the students a diagram of the water cycle, identify each part, and explain its role in the cycle. a. Evaulate students’ understanding using a pencil and paper test. b. Compare natural water bodies of flowing and non-flowing sources. (CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CS1, CS4, T2, T6, AQ1, AQ2, AQ3, AQ4, ES1, ES2, ES3) b. Define stream, streamflow, and velocity. Determine how they relate to a river, creek, brook, and canal. Explain stream hydrology, stream structure, and stream channel. Identify non-flowing bodies of water (ocean, lake, pond, reservoir, slough, marsh, and estuary). Have students identify water sources in the local county and determine if they are flowing or non-flowing. b. Evaluate students’ understanding using a pencil and paper test. c. Identify common causes of water pollution c. Identify common kinds of water pollutants (sediment and suspended particles, pathogens, organic wastes, c. Grade student observation chart. Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 68 of 222 and distinguish between point and nonpoint sources of pollution. (CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CS1, CS2, T3, AQ1, AQ2, AQ3, AQ4, ES1, ES2, ES3) inorganic and organic substances, thermal pollution, urban refuse, agriculture sources, marine debris, oil pollution, etc.). Differentiate between point source and nonpoint source pollution. Have students list pollution on the school campus or in the community. Have them determine the source of the pollution. d. Monitor the water quality in a selected body of flowing water. (CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CS1, CS2, CS4, T2, T3, T4, AQ1, AQ2, AQ3, AQ4, ES1, ES2, ES3) d. Use a water quality kit to monitor the water quality of a selected body of flowing water for a consistent period of time. Consult local Soil Conservation Office about Adopt a Stream projects in area. d. Use the Stream Monitoring Activity Performance Rubric to assess student mastery. e. Describe and analyze the qualities of potable water. (CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CS1, CS2, CS4, T2, T3, T6, AQ1, AQ2, AQ3, AQ4, ES1, ES2, ES3) e. Define potable water. Identify and describe major qualities associated with potable water (odor and taste, color, pH, alkalinity, hardness, dissolved solid materials and turbidity, heavy metal content, chemical and pesticide residue content, and coliform bacterial count). Use the water-quality testing kit to test potability of water from local wells and springs. e. Use the Water Quality Testing Laboratory Rubric to assess student mastery. Competency 3: Describe how wastewater is treated to maintain water quality. (DOK 1, AN) Suggested Performance Indicators Suggested Teaching Strategies Suggested Assessment Strategies a. Identify and describe the sources and types of wastewater. (CCW4, CCW10, CS1, CS2, T3, AQ3, ES3) a. Ask students to list and classify different sources of wastewater (homes and businesses, manufacturing, agricultural, storm run off). From their list, develop a working definition for wastewater and classify each source as being spent, domestic, or sewage. a. Grade list and student definition of wastewater. b. Identify and describe hazards that may be present in water. (CCW4, CCW10, CS1, CS2, T3, AQ3, ES3) b. Identify and describe common hazards associated with wastewater to include toxic waste, organic matter, infectious agents, and temperature. b. Evaluate using a pencil and paper test. c Describe methods and processes in wastewater treatment. (CCW8, CCW9, CS1, CS2, CS3, CS4, CS5, T2, T6, AQ3, ES3) c. Take a field trip to a local wastewater treatment plant and view the processes that occur in the treatment of wastewater or invite a representative from the plant to speak to the class on the process. Have students summarize their findings and record in their electronic journal or blog. c. Use the Field Trip to Wastewater Treatment Plant Participation Checklist for the field trip or use the Guest Speaker Evaluation Form. Evaluate student electronic blog or journal for accuracy and completeness. Performance Task At One with Nature As a wildlife specialist, you have been requested to conduct a wildlife survey of a given area. The survey should include, but not be limited to, the following items: habitat, available food, species that inhabit the area, and environmental impact. Present your findings to the class while in the given area. The class will explore the area to Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 69 of 222 validate and add to the findings as they relate to habitat, available food, species that inhabit the area, and environmental impact. Evaluate the presentation using the Presentation Rubric found in Appendix A. Attachments for Performance Task None Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 70 of 222 Unit Resources Books: Parker, R. (2011). Aquaculture science. Albany, New York: Delmar. Porter, L., Lee, J. S., Turner, D. L., & Hillan, M. (2003). Environmental science and technology (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education. Turner, D. L. (1997). Environmental science and technology activity manual. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education. Web sites: Adopt-a-Stream Foundation. Welcome to the adopt-a-stream foundation. Retrieved September 11, 2011, from http://streamkeeper.org/ Mississippi Wildlife Federation. Adopt a stream. Retrieved September 1, 2011, from http://www.mswildlife.org/AAS/ Other: CEV Video. (n.d.). CEV pathway: Natural resources & environmental systems pathway [DVD]. Lubbock, TX: Author. For additional references, activities, and web resources, please refer to: Mississippi Agriculture Education B.R.I.D.G.E. Web site: http://rcu.blackboard.com (Available only to registered users). Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 71 of 222 Unit 11: Science of Forestry and the Environment Understandings and Goals Enduring Understandings In this unit, the student will: • A typical forest is structured into four layers: the canopy or overstory, the understory (saplings, shade tolerant trees, and tall shrubs, the shrub layer, the herb/fern layer, and the litter layer). Each layer plays a role in the growth and development of the total ecosystem. • In Mississippi, the different species of yellow pine, as well as oak, hickory, and other hardwoods, are economically important, furnishing wood and pulp for many different wood products. • The number and size of the growth rings in a tree are indicators of the tree’s age and annual growth rate. • Timber cruising is a process by which a representative sample of trees on a plot is measured and the volume of pulpwood and saw timber is estimated. • Young tree seedlings must be planted in a manner that allows them to quickly establish a sound root system and begin to grow into merchantable timber. Important factors in planting young seedlings include proper depth of plants, proper placement of the root system, and proper soil compaction. Wood products and by-products are used in many different ways to create consumer goods including lumber, paper and cardboard, posts and pilings, and foods and medicines. • Biodiversity is a term related to the presence of a number of species of plants and animals. Forests encourage biodiversity by providing food and shelter for these species. • Prevention of forest fires is preferable to control of fires. Prevention is achieved through a number of methods including prescribed burning and burn bans. • Fire can damage standing timber by killing or damaging trees, consuming nutrients from the litter on the forest floor, and increasing the possibility of soil erosion. • Reforestation is a major factor in the sustained use of forest land. Essential Questions • How do the layers of a forest function to protect and enhance the ecosystem? • What are the most economically important tree species in Mississippi, and how are products from these species used? • How can the number and size of the growth rings of a tree be used to determine age and growth rate of the tree? • How is an estimate of the volume of pulp and sawlog timber established? • What procedures are used in planting young trees for reforestation? • How do forest products affect our lives? • How do forests promote biodiversity? • What are some ways that forest fires can be prevented? • How does fire cause damage to the forest and the environment in general? • Why is reforestation important, and how is it accomplished? Vocabulary Identify and review the unit vocabulary. Definitions will be located in Appendix B. Annual Ring Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 72 of 222 Arboriculture Board foot Clear Conifers Deciduous Evergreen Hardwood Lumber Pulpwood Seedling Silviculture Softwood Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 73 of 222 Suggested Learning Experiences Competency 1: Examine basic principles of forest dendrology and mensuration. (DOK 1, AN) Suggested Performance Indicators Suggested Teaching Strategies Suggested Assessment Strategies a. Examine the layered structure of forests and how these layers protect and enhance the ecosystem. (CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CCW8, CCW9, CS1, CS2, CS4, T1, T6, BIOI3, BIOII4, BO1, BO4, ES1, ES2, ES3) a. Have students draw a picture of a forest illustrating how the layered structure of the forests and how these layers protect and enhance the ecosystem of the forest. a. Use the Picture Assessment Rubric to assess student mastery. b. Identify locally important tree species by common name, type, physical characteristics, and use. (CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CS1, CS2, CS4, T1, T6, BIOI3, BIOII4, BO1, BO4, ES1, ES2, ES3) Examples: • Pine (slash, loblolly, longleaf, shortleaf) • Oak (red, pin, white, water) • Ash (green, white) • Hickory (bitternut, red, shagbark, mockernut) b. Have students create a chart identifying major commercial forest trees that will include common names, types (hardwood or softwood), physical characteristics, and uses. Have students bring leaves from a tree near their homes and use the Web site, Mississippi Tree Identification, found at http://mdg.ext.msstate.edu/Tom_Tree/tree_id_intro.html to determine the common name of the tree. Students can use the Tree Characteristics Chart for this activity. Examples: • Pine (slash, loblolly, longleaf, shortleaf) • Oak (red, pin, white, water) • Ash (green, white) • Hickory (bitternut, red, shagbark, mockernut) b. Evaluate chart for accuracy and completeness. c. Analyze the growth rate and age of trees by examining the annual rings and accounting for variations in growth rate due to environmental factors. (CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CS1, CS2, CS4, T1, T6, BIOI3, BIOII4, BO1, BO4, ES1, ES2, ES3) c. Using a cross section of a tree or log, illustrate and discuss the process for analyzing growth rate and age of trees. Provide guidelines for evaluating these factors including the effect of environmental conditions. c. Evaluate student activity sheet for accuracy and completeness. d. Demonstrate proper procedures for planting trees. (CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CS2, CS4, T6, BIOI3, BIOII4, BO1, BO4, ES1, ES2, ES3) d. Have students read about planting trees based on the information on trees and shrubs. After demonstrating the procedure, have students apply their knowledge by planting a tree on the school campus. d. Use the Tree Planting Checklist to assess student mastery. Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 74 of 222 Competency 2: Discuss the relationship of forestry to environmental quality and economic development. (DOK 2, AN) Suggested Performance Indicators Suggested Teaching Strategies Suggested Assessment Strategies a. Identify consumer goods derived from forest locally. (CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CS1, CS3, CS4, T1, T6, BIOI3, BIOII5, BO2, BO5, ES1, ES2, ES3) a. Invite a representative of the wood-products industry to speak to the class regarding the manufacture of wood products from timber. Have students take notes and summarize the major points of the presentation. Follow up with a class discussion to make sure that all major points are covered. Have students record the major points in their electronic notebooks or journals. a. Evaluate using the Guest Speaker Rubric. b. Describe the relationships between biodiversity and forests. (CCR4, CCR5, CS2, CS4, T2, T6, BIOI3, BIOII5, BO2, BO5, ES1, ES2, ES3) b. Use a PowerPoint presentation to illustrate and discuss relationships between biodiversity and forests. Have students record the major points from the presentation in their electronic notebooks or journals. b. Evaluate the presentation using the Presentation Rubric. c. Investigate methods for forest fire prevention. (CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CCW8, CCW9, CS2, CS4, T2, T6, BIOI3, BIOII5, BO2, BO5, ES1, ES2, ES3) c. Invite a representative of the Mississippi Forestry Commission to speak to the class on prevention of forest fires. Have students take notes and summarize the major points of the presentation. Conduct a follow- up discussion to make sure that all major points have been recorded. Divide the class into teams of two to four students, and have them prepare a poster on forest fire prevention. c. Use the Fire Prevention Poster Rubric to assess student mastery. d. Discuss the different damages caused by forest fires. (CCR4, CCR5, CS2, CS4, T2, T6, BIOI3, BIOII5, BO2, BO5, ES1, ES2, ES3) d. Have students search the Internet and other resources to locate examples of damage caused by forest fires. Hold a class discussion in which students share their findings. List major points on the whiteboard or LCD projector, and have students record them in their electronic journals or notebooks. d. Evaluate using the Journal Rubric. e. Discuss the methods and importance of reforestation. (CS2, CS4, T2, T6, BIOI3, BIOII5, BO2, BO 5, ES1, ES2, ES3) e. Use a PowerPoint presentation to illustrate and describe the methods of reforestation. Use oral questioning and discussion to evaluate student understanding. Have students record major points in their electronic notebooks or journals. e. Evaluate using a paper and pencil test. Performance Task Run Forester, Run As the local Forester, you have received a request from a local grower. The local grower wants you to give an assessment of a given area. Topics that must be addressed are: • Ecosystems • Fire prevention • Species found on property • Age of species • Potential markets Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 75 of 222 Each forester in the class will have a written report for the local grower. Evaluate the written report using the Written Rubric found in Appendix A. Attachments for Performance Task None Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 76 of 222 Unit Resources Books: Biondo, R. J. & Lee, J. S. (2003). Introduction to plant & soil science & technology. Lebanon, KY: Pearson. Biondo, R. J. (2003). Activity manual for introduction to plant & soil science and technology. Lebanon, KY: Pearson. Bioquest Curriculum Consortium. (n.d.). Bioquest Tree Growth Study Kit. [Interactive learning kit]. Beloit, WI: Author. Burton, L. D. (2008). Introduction to forestry science (2nd ed.). Clifton Park, NY: Delmar. Burton, L. D. and Cooper, E. L. (2007). Agriscience: Fundamental & applications (4th ed.). Clifton Park, NY: Delmar. Herren, R. V. (2007). The science of agriculture: A biological approach (3rd ed.). Clifton Park, NY: Delmar. Reiley, H. E., & Shry, Jr., C. L. (2007). Introductory Horticulture (7th ed.). Clifton Park, NY: Delmar. Rolf, G. L., Edgington, J. M., Holland, I. I., & Fortenberry, G. (2008). Forests & forestry (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. Web sites: For additional references, activities, and web resources, please refer to: Mississippi Agriculture Education B.R.I.D.G.E. Web site: rcu.blackboard.com/ (Available only to registered users). Mississippi State University Extension Service. Mississippi tree identification. Retrieved October 14, 2011, from http://msucares.com/pubs/publications/p2330.pdf Other: CEV Video. (n.d.). CEV pathway: Natural resources & environmental systems pathway [DVD]. Lubbock, TX: Author. Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 77 of 222 Unit 12:Wildlife and the Environment Understandings and Goals Enduring Understandings In this unit, the student will: • Mississippi is home to a diverse number of aquatic and terrestrial wildlife species. • All wildlife species require a habitat that provides food, water, shelter, and space for each species to survive and repopulate. • Wildlife species play an important role in human life and in maintaining our environment. • Wildlife habitat must be protected, managed, and improved so that this important national resource can be conserved, sustained, and renewed. • Like any renewable natural resource, wildlife must be protected and conserved to maintain sustainability of each species. • Because of declining populations, some wildlife species are now protected by being classified as protected, threatened, or endangered. • Habitat management and hunting regulations, such as limiting hunting seasons and imposing bag limits, are major tools in the conservation and protection of wildlife. Essential Questions • What are the major species of wildlife in my community? • What habitat does my community offer to different wildlife species? • What are ways in which wildlife benefit humankind and the environment in general? • How can habitat for wildlife be managed and improved? • Why are wildlife conservation and protection policies and programs needed? • What wildlife species are now considered to be nuisance, protected, threatened, endangered, or extinct? What is the difference between these categories? • What are the major tools and practices for conserving, protecting, and managing wildlife? Vocabulary Identify and review the unit vocabulary. Definitions will be located in Appendix B. Commensalism Mutualism Parasitism Predator Prey Vertebrae Wetlands Wildlife Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 78 of 222 Suggested Learning Experiences Competency 1: Examine the relationships of wildlife well-being and environmental quality. (DOK 2, AN) Suggested Performance Indicators Suggested Teaching Strategies Suggested Assessment Strategies a. Identify the wildlife species found in the local area, and classify each as terrestrial or aquatic. (CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CS2, CS4, AQ3, AQ4, BIOI3, ES2, ES3, ZO2, ZO3) a. Introduce the unit by asking students to compare domesticated animals and wildlife animals. Have students brainstorm as many animals as possible and classify wildlife that are found locally as terrestrial or aquatic. Determine if the animals are vertebrates or invertebrates. Categorize the list of animals by mammals, fish, birds, reptiles, amphibians, insects, mollusks, worms, and arachnids. Have students summarize and incorporate into their electronic notebooks or journals. a. Check student notebooks for accuracy and completeness. b. Assess local wildlife habitat. (CCR4, CCR5, CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CS2, CS4, AQ3, AQ4, BIOI3, ES2, ES3, ZO2, ZO3) b. Identify and describe habitat components for wildlife including food, water, shelter, and space requirements. Have students research an assigned wildlife animal species and compile a report or poster or make an oral report on the habitat needs of that species. Have students identify areas that provide suitable habitat for the species. b. Use the Written Report Rubric, the Poster Assessment Rubric, and the Oral Report Rubric to assess student mastery. c. Investigate the importance of wildlife to the environment and human well-being. (CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CS2, CS4, AQ3, AQ4, BIOI3, ES2, ES3, ZO2, ZO3) c. Explain the benefits of wildlife to the environment and humans through consumptive and non- consumptive uses. Identify animal wildlife products used for food, clothing, ornamentation, medicine, and recreation. Students can make a list of animal and animal products used for each of these categories. c. Evaluate student performance using a written test. d. Recommend procedures for improving habitat for wildlife. (CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CCSL1, CCSL2, CS1, CS2, CS4, CS5, T2, T6, AQ3, AQ4, BIOI3, ES2, ES3, ZO2, ZO3) d. Assign the class a project to evaluate a given area, and make recommendations on practices and activities that can enhance wildlife habitat. The project should involve on-site visits and result in a visual presentation (PowerPoint) of the findings and recommendations. d. Use the Group Work Assessment Rubric to assess student mastery. Competency 2: Investigate approaches in protecting and managing wildlife species. (DOK 1, AN) Suggested Performance Indicators Suggested Teaching Strategies Suggested Assessment Strategies a. Discuss the need for wildlife protection and conservation policies and how species are lost from the earth. (CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CS1, CS4, ES3, ZO3) a. Ask students why we have hunting seasons and bag limits on most game animals. Explain the difference between nuisance, protected, endangered, and extinct species. Have students research needs for wildlife protection and conservation policies and how animal species are protected from becoming endangered or extinct. Hold a class discussion on these topics. List important points on the whiteboard or LCD projector, a. Use the Group Work Assessment Rubric to assess student mastery. Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 79 of 222 and have students transcribe them into their electronic notebooks or journals. b. Classify wildlife species based on threats to their continued existence. . (CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CS1, CS4, T2, T6, ES3, ZO3) b. Define the terms nuisance, protected, threatened, endangered, and extinct. From a list of species of Mississippi wildlife, have students research and classify each species. b. Evaluate student performance using a written test. c. Describe practices in conservation, protection, and management of wildlife. (CCR4, CCR5, CS1, CS4, T6, ES3, ZO3) c. Define habitat management and discuss habitat management practices that directly benefit wildlife. Invite a representative of the Mississippi Game and Fish Commission to speak to the class on state policies and practices that protect, conserve, and manage wildlife populations including game laws, hunting seasons and limits, habitat improvement programs, and so forth. Follow up with a review of major points from the presentation. Have students summarize these points and place in their electronic journals or notebooks. c. Evaluate student performance using a written test and/or the Guest Speaker Evaluation and Summary Form to assess student mastery. Performance Task Performance Task Title As a wildlife consultant, you have been asked to conduct a wildlife survey of a given area. A few of the criteria are to identify the wildlife, habitat, and food availability. Prepare a PowerPoint to present your findings to a civic group (class). The group will ask questions related to the topic. Evaluate the presentation using the Presentation Rubric found in Appendix A. Attachments for Performance Task None Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 80 of 222 Unit Resources Books: Burton, D. (2009). Fish and wildlife: Principles of zoology and ecology. Florence, KY: Cengage Learning. Deal, K. (2010). Wildlife and natural resource management. Florence, KY: Cengage Learning. Stutzenbaker, C. D., Scheil, B. J., Swan, M. K., Lee, J. S., & Mattics, J. D. (2003). Wildlife management: Science and technology (2nd ed.). Old Tappan, NJ: Pearson/Prentice-Hall. Web sites: Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Parks. (2011). MDWPF wildlife home page. Retrieved November 14, 2011, from www.mdwfp.com Mississippi Museum of Natural Science. (2011). Endangered species of Mississippi. Retrieved November 14, 2011, from http://museum.mdwfp.com/downloads/science/endangered_species_packet.pdf For additional references, activities, and web resources, please refer to: Mississippi Agriculture Education B.R.I.D.G.E. Web site: http://rcu.blackboard.com/ (Available only to registered users). Other: CEV Video. (n.d.). CEV pathway: Natural resources & environmental systems pathway [DVD]. Lubbock, TX: Author. Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 81 of 222 Unit 13: Environmental Stewardship Understandings and Goals Enduring Understandings In this unit, the student will: • Sustainable agriculture is a process for producing agricultural products economically and efficiently while maintaining the quality of life and the environment and conserving natural resources. • Practices that promote sustainable agriculture include reduced tillage, integrated pest management programs, precision agriculture practices, fertilizer management, and protection of the soil. • Many local, state, and federal agencies play an important role in protecting and maintaining the environment by providing education and assistance to producers, monitoring production practices, and assisting in environmental cleanup projects. • Public laws and policies have been enacted to monitor and protect environmental quality and promote the conservation of natural resources. • Solid waste comes from many different sources and, if not properly disposed, can cause problems related to pests, public health and safety, and pollution of soil, air, and water. • Solid waste can be disposed of by recycling, composting, incineration, or burial in a sanitary landfill. • Recycling is the most environmentally friendly way of disposing of solid waste, but it is not practical for many forms of waste. • A recycling program must include methods for collecting, sorting, storing, and disposal/sale of products. • Composting is another environmentally-friendly disposal method for non-hazardous organic materials (grass clippings, tree limbs, etc.). • Hazardous waste is any product that has the potential for harming human health or the environment in general. • Hazardous waste materials may cause harm by being ignited, reacting with other materials, corroding other materials, or posing a health hazard to humans and animals. • Employers are required to have material safety data sheets available for employees that address the safe handling, storage, and disposal of any hazardous materials. The MSDS also contain information on the nature of the chemical substance, first aid measures, and steps to take in case of a spill. Essential Questions • What is the difference between traditional agriculture production and sustainable agriculture? • What are some key practices associated with sustainable agriculture, and how do they promote sustainability? • What are some roles of government agencies and other organizations in protecting the environment and conserving natural resources? • How do public laws and government policies protect the environment and promote the conservation of natural resources? • What is solid waste, and how does it cause damage? • How can solid waste be disposed? • What is recycling? • What is composting? • What is hazardous waste, and how does it cause harm? • Where can I obtain information about hazardous materials? Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 82 of 222 Vocabulary Identify and review the unit vocabulary. Definitions will be located in Appendix B. Composting E.P.A. Hazardous waste Humus MSDS N.R.C.S. Sustainable agriculture Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 83 of 222 Suggested Learning Experiences Competency 1: Discuss concepts of sustainable agriculture. (DOK 1, AN, AP) Suggested Performance Indicators Suggested Teaching Strategies Suggested Assessment Strategies a. Describe the nature and importance of sustainable agriculture (renewable/nonrenewable resources). (CCR4, CCR5, CS1, CS2, T3, T6, ES2, ES3, SP2) a. Introduce the lesson by a short talk on the concept of sustainability. Have students read content on sustainable agriculture. Have students summarize the major points from the chapter and then hold a class discussion to ensure that all major points have been covered. Have students enter these major points into their electronic journals or notebooks. a. Evaluate using a paper and pencil test. b. Identify and select practices that promote sustainability in agriculture, forestry, and natural resources. ( CCR4, CCR5, CS1, CS2, CS4, T3, T6, ES2, ES3, SP2) b. Have students research and prepare a report (either written or oral) on sustainable agriculture practices in the area where you live. In addition to the Internet, have students contact the Cooperative Extension Service, Soil and Water Conservation District, Natural Resource Conservation Service, or other sources for assistance. Identify local producers who use sustainable agriculture, and interview them if possible. Take photographs to depict findings. b. Use the Written Report Rubric or the Oral Report Rubric to assess student mastery. Competency 2: Explore the services of agencies and organizations that protect and maintain the environment. (DOK 1, AE) Suggested Performance Indicators Suggested Teaching Strategies Suggested Assessment Strategies a. Identify and describe the role of government and other agencies concerned with environmental quality and natural resource conservation. (CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CS1, CS2, CS4, T3, T6, ES2) a. Have students search the Internet to find at least 10 government agencies or other organizations and briefly describe their functions in protecting the environment and/or conserving natural resources. From this search, lead a discussion to determine common roles shared by several agencies. Have students summarize their findings and record in their electronic journals or notebooks. Students should use the Environmental and Natural Resources Agencies worksheet for this activity. a. Evaluate student assignment for accuracy and completeness. b. Investigate public laws and policies related to environmental quality and natural resource conservation. (CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CCW8, CCW9, CS1, CS2, CS4, T3, T6, ES2) b. Assign each student a section of a public law or policy related to environmental quality or natural resource conservation. (See http://www.nrdc.org/reference/laws.asp for a list of U.S. environmental laws and treaties.) Have students develop a fact sheet from their findings and lead an informative Did You Know session with the class. The findings should be summarized and presented in written or oral reports. b. Use the Written Report Rubric or the Oral Report Rubric to assess student mastery. Competency 3: Use appropriate procedures for management and disposal of solid waste. (DOK 1, AE) Suggested Performance Suggested Teaching Strategies Suggested Assessment Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 84 of 222 Indicators Strategies a. Identify sources of solid waste. (CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CS1, CS2, CS4, T3, T6, ES3) a. Have students read content related to solid waste. Use a local sanitarian or landfill operator and/or manager as a resource person in class. Have him or her describe the different types of solid waste and explain how each type is disposed of in the local area. Have students summarize the presentation, then hold a class discussion to make sure that all major points are discussed using the Guest Speaker rubric. a. Evaluate using the Guest Speaker rubric. b. Identify common hazards associated with improperly managed wastes. (CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CS1, CS2, CS4, T3, T6, ES3) b. Discuss the three most common hazards associated with solid waste (pests, safety, and pollution of soil, air, and water resources). Have students associate these hazards with the list of solid wastes that was previously compiled. b. Evaluate student understanding using a written test. c. Explain how solid waste materials should be managed and disposed. (CCW4, CCW10, CS1, CS2, CS4, T3, T6, ES3) c. Discuss the most common means of solid waste management and disposal including recycling, incineration, and landfills. Have students develop a list of advantages and disadvantages of each method using the Advantages and Disadvantages of Waste Disposal Methods. c. Use the Student Electronic Notebook rubric to assess student mastery. d. Develop a plan for recycling. (CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CS1, CS2, CS4, T3, T6, ES3) d. Have students research and develop a list of items that can be recycled and identify local recycling centers that will accept these products. As a class project, have students develop a recycling program for the school that includes collection, management, and sale/disposal of recycled materials. (Example: The National FFA Organization, http://www.ffa.org, has a program, FFA Recycles, that will accept inkjet and LaserJet ink cartridges and pay the FFA chapter for those cartridges.) d. Use the Recycling Program Rubric to assess student mastery. e. Explain the use of residential, agricultural, and industrial composting. (CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CS1, CS2, CS4, T3, T6, ES3) e. Define composting and the necessary requirements for developing compost. Organize the class to develop a plan to compost school or local waste including constructing a compost bin, adding materials to it, and taking steps to promote composting in your local area. (See the Connecticut School Composting Manual.) The results of composting can be used in school landscaping projects. e. Use the School Composting Plan Rubric to assess student mastery. Competency 4: Select appropriate procedures for managing hazardous waste materials. (DOK 1, AE) Suggested Performance Indicators Suggested Teaching Strategies Suggested Assessment Strategies a. Explore the meaning of hazardous waste. (CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, S1, CS2, CS4, T3, T6, ES3) a. Have students recall the different sources of waste (domestic, commercial, medical, municipal, industrial, construction and demolition, transportation, and agricultural) and identify specific waste products produced by these sources. Invite a local emergency responder or waste management specialist to explain how waste is determined to be hazardous or non- hazardous and how hazardous wastes are now a. Students will be evaluated by a paper and pencil test. Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 85 of 222 disposed of in the local community. Have students recommend improvements in the practices used. Have students summarize and post the information gathered to the Blackboard class site. b. Classify hazardous waste materials. (CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CS1, CS2, CS4, T3, T6, ES3) b. Begin by asking students to describe common hazards that they have encountered. Draw out a definition of hazard from the class. Have students read the chapter on hazardous waste in the text. Discuss and illustrate the different classes of hazardous materials (ignitibility, reactivity, corrosivity, and toxicity). b. Evaluate student understanding using a paper and pencil test. c. Discover information about hazardous materials. (CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CS1, CS2, CS4, T3, T6, ES3) c. Assign each student a hazardous material commonly found in the home, workplace, and school (ex. motor oil, ammonium nitrate, sulfuric acid, glyphosate [Roundup], antifreeze/coolant, etc.). Have students locate a material safety data sheet (MSDS) on the Internet and complete an assignment to answer questions in their own words concerning the material. Students should use the Hazardous Materials Discovery Assignment for this activity. After reviewing the assignments for accuracy and completeness, post to the class’ Blackboard site. c. Evaluate student assignments for accuracy and completeness. Performance Task Environmental Stewardship Information You have been asked by a local civic group to research and prepare a one-page report regarding environmental stewardship in a local community. Your task is to identify and select practices that promote sustainability in agriculture, forestry, and natural resources. Present findings to the class. Evaluate the presentation using the Presentation Rubric found in Appendix A. Attachments for Performance Task None Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 86 of 222 Unit Resources Books: Arams, K. (2006). Holt environmental science. Austin, TX: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston. Porter, L., Lee, J., Turner, D., & Hillman J. (2003). Environmental science & technology (2nd ed.). Danville, IL: Interstate. Powers, L., & McCorley R. (2000). Ecological principles for agriculture. Albany, NY: Delmar. Web sites: For additional references, activities, and web resources, please refer to: Mississippi Agriculture Education B.R.I.D.G.E. Web site: http://rcu.blackboard.com (Available only to registered users). MSDSsearch. MSDSSEARCH: The national MSDS repository. Retrieved October 21, 2011, from http://www.msdssearch.com MacLennan, M. CGRER netsurfing: Environmental agencies/organizations. Retrieved October 21, 2011, from http://www.cgrer.uiowa.edu/servers/servers_envorgs.html Natural Resources Defense Council. NRDC: Environmental laws and treaties. Retrieved October 21, 2011, from http://www.nrdc.org/reference/laws.asp Other: CEV Video. (n.d.). CEV pathway: Natural resources & environmental systems pathway [DVD]. Lubbock, TX: Author. Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 87 of 222 Unit 14: Construction/Agricultural Equipment Operation and Maintenance Understandings and Goals Enduring Understandings In this unit, the student will: • Proper management and maintenance of equipment extends the life of the machine, reduces failures and operating costs, and increases safety for operators. • An important part of machinery management is the documentation of maintenance and repairs to the machine. • Work orders for machinery maintenance and repair should detail the parts and supplies used and the amount of labor required. • Preventive maintenance programs are designed to extend equipment life, reduce repair costs, and provide for better safety for operators. • In performing preventive maintenance, it is important to follow all safety procedures related to the use of tools and equipment, handling and disposal of hazardous materials, and personal protection. • The owner’s manual is the primary reference for planning and performing preventive maintenance on a regular schedule. • Daily maintenance of equipment includes checking engine oil and transmission/hydraulic levels, checking tires, checking coolant levels, and visually inspecting the machine. • Arc welding involves the use of high voltage electrical current and generates high temperatures and toxic fumes. The use of personal protective devices and safety precautions is essential to protect the health of the welder. • The most common types of arc welders are the SMAW (stick), GMAW (MIG), and GTAW (TIG). Each type has its strengths and limitations and can be used for several different types of welding. • Welding accessories that must be used in arc welding include electrode holders, grounding clamps, wire brushes, chipping hammers, and work clamps and guides. • SMAW electrodes consist of a metal rod surrounded by a flux that shields the arc from outside air. Electrodes are classified by tensile strength, diameter, type of metal, and welding position. • In setting up an arc welder for a given job, a welder must take into consideration the type and thickness of the metal being welded before selecting the appropriate electrode and setting the machine controls. • Welds are classified as to type (fillet or groove), joint (butt, corner, edge, lap, and T), and position (flat, vertical horizontal, and overhead). • In making a weld, the angle of the electrode, speed of electrode travel, motion of the electrode, and machine settings must be controlled. Different welds and positions require different procedures. • Mixtures of oxygen and acetylene gases are potentially explosive, and proper safety procedures and personal protection are necessary for safe operation. • The major parts of an oxyacetylene cutting unit are the cylinders, regulators, hoses, torch body, and cutting attachment. • There is a set procedure for safely setting up, igniting, and shutting down an oxyacetylene torch unit that must be followed at all times. • There are three different types of flames that can be generated by an oxyacetylene torch: oxidizing, neutral, and carbonizing. • Making a cut with an oxyacetylene cutting torch involves preheating the metal and moving the torch in a steady smooth motion at the proper distance and speed across the metal. Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 88 of 222 Essential Questions • Why are machinery management and maintenance important? • How are records of maintenance and repairs kept for a machine? • How is a work order for machinery maintenance and repair completed? • What are the purpose and goals of preventive maintenance? • What safety procedures should be followed in performing preventive maintenance? • What information can be found in an owner’s manual regarding preventive maintenance? • What items should be checked on a machine on a daily basis? • What personal protection devices are necessary for safely using an arc welder? • What safety procedures are necessary for safely using an arc welder? • What are the most common types of arc welding machines, and where are they used? • What accessories are used in arc welding, and what is their purpose? • What factors must be taken into account in selecting a specific electrode for a job? • What factors must be considered in setting up an arc welding machine for a specific job? • What are the different weld types, joints, and positions? • What factors must be taken into consideration in making a weld? • What safety and personal protection procedures are necessary for oxyacetylene torch operation? • What are the major parts of an oxyacetylene cutting unit? • What is the procedure for setting up, igniting, and shutting down an oxyacetylene torch? • What are the characteristics of the three different types of flames that can be generated by an oxyacetylene torch? • What is the procedure for making a cut in mild steel with an oxyacetylene cutting torch? Vocabulary Identify and review the unit vocabulary. Definitions will be located in Appendix B. Cutting Terms Regulator Neutral flame Tip cleaner Backfire Flashback Arc Electrode Ground clamp Tensile strength Electrical Terms Short circuit Electricity Conductor Resistance Insulator Volts Amps Watts Ohms Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 89 of 222 Suggested Learning Experiences Competency 1: Inspect, maintain, and repair agricultural equipment. (DOK 2, AT ) Suggested Performance Indicators Suggested Teaching Strategies Suggested Assessment Strategies a. Describe procedures for inspecting coolant, engine oil, tire pressure, hydraulic fluid, gear oil, and air filters. (CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CS1, CS4,PHI3) a. Provide students with copies of owner maintenance manuals and procedures. Have students identify key maintenance procedures. a. Give a written test on inspecting and maintaining agricultural equipment. b. Perform operation and maintenance checks on agricultural equipment according to manufacturer’s specifications. (CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CS1, CS4, PHI3) b. Students will perform routine owner equipment checks and maintenance procedures. b. Evaluate using the Performing Routine Equipment Maintenance and Repair Tasks Rubric. c. Assess parts to repair or replace parts based on manufacturer’s specifications and observation. (CS1, CS4, PHI3) c. Demonstrate the procedure for checking parts for wear or damage using manufacturer’s specifications. c. Give a written test on procedures for checking parts. d. Perform maintenance for required parts, reassemble, adjust, and test. (CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CS1, CS4, PHI3) d. Have students inspect, repair, and/or replace parts as necessary. Students will be provided hands-on opportunities to inspect and identify procedures for maintaining agricultural equipment. d. Evaluate using the Performing Routine Equipment Maintenance and Repair Tasks Rubric. Competency 2: Perform reconditioning of agricultural machinery and equipment. (DOK 2, AT) Suggested Performance Indicators Suggested Teaching Strategies Suggested Assessment Strategies a. Recondition agricultural machinery and equipment. (CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CS1, CS4, CS5, CS6, CS7, PHI3) a. Using a PowerPoint or other visual presentation, discuss the procedures for reconditioning and repairing equipment and machinery. a. Give a written test on reconditioning equipment. b. Paint agricultural machinery and equipment. (CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CS1, CS4, CS5, CS6, CS7, PHI3) b. Students will work in teams to recondition equipment and machinery. b. Evaluate using the Activity Performance Rubric. Competency 3: Perform welds with shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) equipment. (DOK 2, AT) Suggested Performance Indicators Suggested Teaching Strategies Suggested Assessment Strategies a. Fabricate a single v- groove butt welding in a. Review safety rules and procedures for welding. Students will perform an exercise for the appropriate a. Give a written test on shielded metal arc welding. Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 90 of 222 the horizontal position. (CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CS1, CS4, CS5, CS6, CS7, PHI 3) welding position. b. Fabricate a single v- groove butt weld in the vertical up position. (CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CS1, CS4, CS5, CS6, CS7, PHI3) b. Discuss and demonstrate procedures of each welding position with the use of practical exercises, PowerPoint presentations, overheads, and print information. Students will perform an exercise for the appropriate welding position. b. Evaluate using the Advanced Welding and Cutting Techniques Rubric. Competency 4: Perform welds with gas metal arc welding (GMAW) equipment. (DOK 2, AT) Suggested Performance Indicators Suggested Teaching Strategies Suggested Assessment Strategies a. Fabricate a single v- groove butt weld in the horizontal position. (CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CS1, CS4, CS5, CS6, CS7, PHI3) a. Review safety rules and procedures for oxyacetylene operations. Students will perform an exercise for each welding position. a. Give a written test on oxyacetylene welding procedures. b. Fabricate a single v- groove butt weld in the vertical up position. (CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CS1, CS4, CS5, CS6, CS7,PHI3) b. Discuss and demonstrate procedures of each welding position with the use of practical exercises, a PowerPoint presentation, overheads, and print information. Students will perform an exercise for the appropriate welding position. b. Evaluate using the Activity Performance Rubric. Competency 5: Cut metal with plasma arc cutter. (DOK 1, AT) Suggested Performance Indicators Suggested Teaching Strategies Suggested Assessment Strategies a. Identify safety rules and practices associated with a plasma arc cutter. (CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CS1, CS4, PHI3) a. Provide students with a list of safety rules and practices associated with a plasma arc cutter. a. Give a written test on safety, setup, and operation of plasma arc cutters. b. Plasma cutter operation and usage. (CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CS1, CS4, CS5, CS6, CS7, PHI3) b. Students will • identify the parts of the plasma arc cutter and their functions. • set up and operate a plasma arc cutter to make cuts in steel. • demonstrate the setup and operation of the plasma arc cutter to the students. b. Evaluate using the Activity Performance Rubric. Competency 6: Select and demonstrate proper equipment for a specific construction job and develop a bill of materials for a specific job. (DOK 1, AB) Suggested Performance Indicators Suggested Teaching Strategies Suggested Assessment Strategies a. Assess tool usage and material estimating for a specific task. (CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CS4, CS5, CS6, CS7, T2, T6) a. Provide the students with scenarios of actual repair jobs. Have them select and properly use appropriate tools and equipment. Students will create and submit a bill of materials for the specific job. (Safety will be reinforced during every task.) a. Evaluate using the Activity Performance Rubric. Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 91 of 222 Performance Task Performance Task Title You are the owner of a local repair shop. A customer has brought you a sketch of an item that they need repaired or manufactured. You are to review the sketch, provide a bill of materials, cost of job (materials and labor), and an estimated time of completion. When the customer has approved the job, you are to repair or manufacture the item according to the sketch, bill of materials, and within the allotted time. Note: Instructor will provide the student with sketch. Project may be completed over several classes. Evaluate this activity using the Activity Performance Rubric found in Appendix A. Attachments for Performance Task None Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 92 of 222 Unit Resources Books: Herren, R. (2009). Agriculture mechanics: Fundamentals and applications (5th ed.). Albany, NY: Delmar. Phipps, L. J., Miller, G. M., & Lee, J. S. (2004). Introduction to agricultural mechanics (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 93 of 222 Unit 15: Agricultural Business Management and Processes Understandings and Goals Enduring Understandings In this unit, the student will: • Knowing what entrepreneurship means is necessary for a business. • Society needs people who are willing to start business ventures. • Each component of a business plan is important. • There are many sources for funding a business venture. • Having a plan for a business layout is needed when starting a business. • The functions of management are important to a business’s success. • All companies have levels of management. • The types of business ownership used in society today are sole proprietorship, partnership, and corporation. • Businesses are regulated by government in many ways. • Risk management is important in a business setting. • Insurance is very important in reducing business risk. • Insurance is a necessary means of protecting against loss. • Insurance coverage is obtained through an insurance company or agent. • An insurance agent will assist in the process of settling a loss. • Speculative business risk should be identified for any business. • GIS can be integrated into a variety of disciplines for solving problems. Essential Questions • What does entrepreneurship mean? • What are some business ventures that you might be interested in? • What are the components of a business plan? • What are some sources for funding a business? • Why is your business layout so important? • What are the seven functions of marketing? • What are the functions of management? • What are the levels of management? • What must one do to prepare to own a business? • What are the three types of business ownership? • How are businesses regulated by the government? • How can a business maintain or control risk? • Why is insurance important to a business? • What is insurance, and why do we need it? • How would you obtain insurance coverage? • What is the process of settling an insurance loss? • How can GIS be used to solve problems in agriculture? Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 94 of 222 Vocabulary Identify and review the unit vocabulary. Definitions will be located in Appendix B. Capital Cooperative Corporation Depreciation GPS Health Insurance Income Interest Life Insurance Negligent Partnership Principle Profit Retail Sole proprietor Supply Wholesale Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 95 of 222 Suggested Learning Experiences Competency 1: Explore basic principles of agricultural economics and marketing. (DOK 1, AB) Suggested Performance Indicators Suggested Teaching Strategies Suggested Assessment Strategies a. Describe and contrast the types of business organizations. (CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CS1, CS2, CS3, CS4, CS5, CS12, CS13, CS14, CS15, CS16, T2, T6) a. Discuss and contrast the different types of business organizations with the students. Provide examples of different organizations. a. Monitor classroom discussion. b. Identify factors that influence pricing including the law of supply and demand and consumer characteristics. (CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CS1, CS2, CS3, CS4, CS5, CS12, CS13, CS14, CS15, CS16, T2, T6) b. Discuss and illustrate the law of supply and demand. Have students work in groups to apply this law to different scenarios regarding agricultural products. b. Evaluate using the Group Presentation rubric. c. Differentiate between wholesale and retail marketing. (CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CS1, CS2, CS3, CS4, CS5, CS12, CS13, CS14, CS15, CS16, T2, T6) c. Have students identify wholesale and retail businesses in their area. Students will debate the pros and cons of each. Have students view Web sites of local banks and compile a list of other services including checking and savings accounts. Have students compare different institutions’ accounts, fees, and services. Students will present their findings to the class. c. Monitor classroom discussion. Evaluate using the Presentation Rubric. Competency 2: Discuss principles and practices of an agricultural business. (DOK 1, AB) Suggested Performance Indicators Suggested Teaching Strategies Suggested Assessment Strategies a. Compare sources of agricultural credit, discuss the importance of a personal and business credit rating and the factors that affect the credit rating. (CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CS1, CS2, CS3, CS4, CS5, CS12, CS13, CS14, CS15, CS16, T2, T6) a. Invite a representative of a bank or agricultural financial agency to speak to the class on sources of credit and other financial services. Have students summarize the presentation in their journals. Follow up with a discussion to make sure that all students have noted the important points. Have students research credit ratings and summarize the factors associated with credit ratings. Have students summarize their findings, including information on the importance of a strong credit rating. a. Evaluate using the Journal Rubric. b. Discuss other banking services for agriculture. (CCR1, CCR2, CCR3,CS1, CS2, CS3, CS4, CS5, CS12, CS13, CS14, CS15, CS16, T2, T6) b. Have students view Web sites of local banks and compile a list of other services including checking and savings accounts. Have students compare different institutions’ accounts, fees, and services. b. Evaluate using classroom discussion. Monitor class to be sure all students participate. Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 96 of 222 c. Discuss taxes and insurance as related to agriculture business. (CCR4, CCR5, CS1, CS2, CS3, CS4, CS5, CS12, CS13, CS14, CS15, CS16, T2, T6) c. Divide the students into groups. Each group will create an agricultural business model. Items to include: • Describe the forms and practices associated with income tax preparation. • Identify insurance needs for an agricultural business. • Discuss essential elements of a contract and other common business agreements and laws. • Discuss principles of property acquisition and transfer. • Apply legal land descriptions. • Discuss principles and practices related to land surveys. c. Evaluate using the Group Presentation Rubric. Competency 3: Explore the principles and applications of precision-farming operations. (DOK 2, AT) Suggested Performance Indicators Suggested Teaching Strategies Suggested Assessment Strategies a. Identify components of an agricultural GIS system. (CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CS1, CS2, CS3, CS4, CS5, CS6, CS7, CS12, CS13, CS14, CS15, CS16, T2, T6) a. Use a video or PowerPoint presentation to identify the use of GIS/GPS and precision-farming techniques. Have students summarize the presentation in their electronic journals. a. Evaluate journals using the Journal Rubric. b. Explore the principles and applications of precision-farming operations. (CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CS1, CS2, CS3, CS4, CS5, CS12, CS13, CS14, CS15, CS16, T2, T6) b. Have students design an application GIS project. The project will be related to a local problem or situation. Students will present the project to the class for peer review and critique. b. Monitor peer review. Performance Task Starting an Agricultural Business The performance task will be to design an agricultural business using the topics covered in class. The class will be divided into different student groups. The teacher will assign different agricultural business topics to each group. Each group will research and apply each topic to the proposed agri-business. Each group will present their agricultural business model to the class for questions and defense. Evaluate the presentation using the Group Presentation Rubric found in Appendix A. Attachments for Performance Task None Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 97 of 222 Unit Resources Books: Brasse, T. (2006). Precision agriculture. Albany, NY: Delmar. Elliot, J. (2008). Agribusiness: Decisions and dollars. Albany, NY: Delmar. Ess, D. R., Shoup, W. B., & Butler, J. N. (2003). The precision-farming guide for agriculturists. Moline, IL: Deere and Company. Steward, J., Jobes, R., Casey, J. E., & Purcell, W. D. (2004). Farm and ranch business management (5th ed.). Moline, IL: Deere and Company. Web sites: United States Internal Revenue Service. (2011). Publication 225: Farmer’s tax guide. Retrieved August 22, 2011, from http://www.irs.gov/publications/p225/index.html Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 98 of 222 Student Competency Profile Student’s Name: ___________________________________________ This record is intended to serve as a method of noting student achievement of the competencies in each unit. It can be duplicated for each student, and it can serve as a cumulative record of competencies achieved in the course. In the blank before each competency, place the date on which the student mastered the competency. Unit 1: Introduction to ANR 1. Examine the nature of the agriculture and natural resources industry.(DOK1, AB, AS, AO, AE, AF, AN, AP, AT) 2. Examine the relationships between the pure sciences, agriculture, and agriscience. (DOK 1, AN) 3. Apply standard agricultural and natural resources safety practices. (DOK 1, AN) Unit 2: Leadership and Human Relations 1. Develop life and career skills for success in the 21st century. (DOK 3) 2. Explore the role of the FFA in promoting leadership, personal development, and human relations skills. (DOK 1) 3. Examine the concept of leadership. (DOK 1) 4. Describe the role of work ethics and values in establishing and building a successful career. (DOK 1) Unit 3: Experiential Learning (SAE) 1. Plan and implement an experiential learning program. (DOK 3, AB) 2. Maintain records and documentation of experiential learning activities, projects, and enterprises. (DOK 3, AB) Unit 4: Science of Animals 1. Explore the animal agriculture industry and enterprises. (DOK 2, AS) 2. Investigate the anatomy and physiology of animals. (DOK 2, AS) 3. Describe important elements of digestion and nutrition in animals. (DOK 1, AS) 4. Examine the role of genetics and breeding in animal production. (DOK 1, AS) Unit 5: Science of Plants 1. Explore the anatomy and physiology of a plant. (DOK 2, AP) 2. Investigate common methods of plant reproduction. (DOK 1, AP, AO) 3. Apply classification methods to plants. (DOK 1, AP) 4. Apply principles of plant nutrition. (DOK 1, AP) 5. Explore basic concepts of pest management to include insect damage, weed damage, and diseases. (DOK 1, AP) Unit 6: Soil Science 1. Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of soil as a natural resource. (DOK2, AE, AN) Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 99 of 222 2. Investigate the use of the land capability classification system. (DOK 1, AN, AE) 3. Investigate the chemical properties of soils. (DOK 2, AP, AN, AE) Unit 7: Agricultural Lab Operations and Safety 1. Identify safety procedures and safety devices for the agricultural workplace. (DOK 1, AT) 2. Identify common equipment, tools, and safety procedures and perform the various welding processes. (DOK 1, AT) 3. Apply safety procedures and perform tasks using oxyacetylene equipment. (DOK 1, AT) 4. Examine the major parts and functions of a small engine. (DOK 1, AT) NOT ON CPAS Unit 8: Orientation/Careers/Leadership 1. Review safety rules and behavior. (DOK 1) 2. Select careers in agricultural and natural resources. (DOK 1) 3. Develop an individual FFA activity plan. (DOK 1) 4. Develop and present a 3-5 min multi-media presentation on an agriculture or natural resource topic. (DOK 1) 5. Apply the principles of leadership and personal development. (DOK 1) 6. Maintain Supervised Agricultural Experience records. (DOK 1) Unit 9: Science of the Agricultural Environment 1. Examine the relationship of the atmosphere to the earth’s environment. (DOK 1, AN) 2. Use weather and climate information in making decisions about the environment. (DOK 2, AE) 3. Assess air quality and identify sources of air pollution. (DOK 2, AN,AE) 4. Explore concepts and practices related to wildlife conservation and management. (DOK 1, AN, AE ) Unit 10: Water Quality Management 1. Explore concepts of water usage and quality. (DOK 1, AN) 2. Describe important water-management practices. (DOK 2, AN ) 3. Describe how wastewater is treated to maintain water quality. (DOK 1, AN) Unit 11: Science of Forestry and the Environment 1. Examine basic principles of forest dendrology and mensuration. (DOK 1, AN) 2. Discuss the relationship of forestry to environmental quality and economic development. (DOK 2, AN ) Unit 12: Wildlife and the Environment 1. Examine the relationships of wildlife well-being and environmental quality. (DOK 2, AN) 2. Investigate approaches in protecting and managing wildlife species. (DOK 1, AN) Unit 13: Environmental Stewardship 1. Discuss concepts of sustainable agriculture. (DOK 1, AN, AP) 2. Explore the services of agencies and organizations that protect and maintain the environment. (DOK 1, AE) 3. Use appropriate procedures for management and disposal of solid waste. (DOK 1, AE) Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 100 of 222 4. Select appropriate procedures for managing hazardous waste materials. (DOK 1, AE) Unit 14: Construction/Agricultural Equipment Operation and Maintenance 1. Inspect, maintain, and repair agricultural equipment. (DOK 2, AT ) 2. Perform reconditioning of agricultural machinery and equipment. (DOK 2, AT ) 3. Perform welds with shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) equipment. (DOK 2, AT) 4. Perform welds with gas metal arc welding (GMAW) equipment. (DOK 2, AT) 5. Cut metal with plasma arc cutter. (DOK 1, AT) 6. Select and demonstrate proper equipment for a specific construction job and develop a bill of materials for a specific job. (DOK 1, AB) Unit 15: Agricultural Business Management and Processes 1. Explore basic principles of agricultural economics and marketing. (DOK 1, AB) 2. Discuss principles and practices of an agricultural business. (DOK 1, AB) 3. Explore the principles and applications of precision-farming operations. (DOK 2, AT) Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 101 of 222 Appendix A: Activities and Rubrics An alphabetized list of activities and rubrics follows. Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 102 of 222 Name: Date: Period: Advanced Welding and Cutting Tasks Rubric Rate the ability of the student to perform maintenance and repair tasks shown below using the following scale: Proficient – Can perform consistently and independently with proficiency of an incumbent worker. Intermediate – Can perform the task but may require further practice to become as proficient as an incumbent worker. Introductory – Can perform the task but some coaching and further training is required. Limited – Can perform the task with extensive coaching. Further training and practice is required. Task Rating Fabricate a single v-groove butt weld in the horizontal position using SMAW equipment Fabricate a single v-groove butt weld in the vertical up position using SMAW equipment Fabricate a single v-groove butt weld in the horizontal position using GMAW equipment Fabricate a single v-groove butt weld in the vertical up position using GMAW equipment Set up a plasma arc cutter Make cuts in mild steel using a plasma arc cutter Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 103 of 222 Name: Date: Period: Air Pollution Presentation Rubric Possible Points Points Earned 1. Information was accurate and complete. 2. Presentation included appropriate information on the topic of air pollution. 3. Correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation were used. 4. Proper design elements were used. 5. Student worked well with team members. 6. Student contributed to the finished product. TOTAL SCORE Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 104 of 222 Name: Date: Period: Activity Performance Rubric Task to Be Performed____________________________________________________________ Possible Points Points Awarded Safety Personal safety (glasses, clothing, etc.) Safe use of tool Safely performs the task Performance of the task Follows the task instructions Performs the task efficiently Performs the task satisfactorily Lab maintenance Area cleanup (clean and tidy) Area organization (before, during, and after the task) Total Comments for Deductions: Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 105 of 222 Name: Date: Period: Agriculture Natural Resources Areas Graphic Rubric Superior Very Good Acceptable Needs Improvement Score Content Covers all three areas clearly and accurately Mostly clear, appropriate, and correct Minor issues with clarity or correctness Confusing, incorrect, or flawed Visual Aids Attractive and accurate Mostly attractive and accurate Minor issues with attractiveness or accuracy Inaccurate and/or unattractive Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 106 of 222 Agriculture Timeline Graphic Rubric Scoring Criteria The student did the following: Excellent Good Needs Improvement Unacceptable Correctly identified three major practices or technologies associated with agricultural enterprises. Correctly placed the development of these practices on the time line. Correctly identified how each technology or practice has affected agricultural productivity. Name: Date: Period: Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 107 of 222 Name: Date: Period: 21st Century Life and Career Skills Today’s life and work environments require far more than thinking skills and content knowledge. The ability to navigate the complex life and work environments in the globally-competitive information age requires students to pay rigorous attention to developing adequate life and career skills. CSS1-21st Century Themes CS1 Global Awareness 1. Using 21st century skills to understand and address global issues 2. Learning from and working collaboratively with individuals representing diverse cultures, religions, and lifestyles in a spirit of mutual respect and open dialogue in personal, work, and community contexts 3. Understanding other nations and cultures, including the use of non-English languages CS2 Financial, Economic, Business, and Entrepreneurial Literacy 1. Knowing how to make appropriate personal economic choices 2. Understanding the role of the economy in society 3. Using entrepreneurial skills to enhance workplace productivity and career options CS3 Civic Literacy 1. Participating effectively in civic life through knowing how to stay informed and understanding governmental processes 2. Exercising the rights and obligations of citizenship at local, state, national, and global levels 3. Understanding the local and global implications of civic decisions CS4 Health Literacy 1. Obtaining, interpreting, and understanding basic health information and services and using such information and services in ways that enhance health 2. Understanding preventive physical and mental health measures, including proper diet, nutrition, exercise, risk avoidance, and stress reduction 3. Using available information to make appropriate health-related decisions 4. Establishing and monitoring personal and family health goals 5. Understanding national and international public health and safety issues CS5 Environmental Literacy 1. Demonstrating knowledge and understanding of the environment and the circumstances and conditions affecting it, particularly relating to air, climate, land, food, energy, water, and ecosystems 2. Demonstrating knowledge and understanding of society’s impact on the natural world (e.g., population growth, population development, resource consumption rate, etc.) 3. Investigating and analyzing environmental issues and making accurate conclusions about effective solutions 4. Taking individual and collective action toward addressing environmental challenges (e.g., participating in global actions and designing solutions that inspire action on environmental issues) Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 108 of 222 CSS2-Learning and Innovation Skills CS6 Creativity and Innovation 1. Think Creatively 2. Work Creatively with Others 3. Implement Innovations CS7 Critical Thinking and Problem Solving 1. Reason Effectively 2. Use Systems Thinking 3. Make Judgments and Decisions 4. Solve Problems CS8 Communication and Collaboration 1. Communicate Clearly 2. Collaborate with Others CSS3-Information, Media, and Technology Skills CS9 Information Literacy 1. Access and Evaluate Information 2. Use and Manage Information CS10 Media Literacy 1. Analyze Media 2. Create Media Products CS11 ICT Literacy 1. Apply Technology Effectively CSS4-Life and Career Skills CS12 Flexibility and Adaptability 1. Adapt to Change 2. Be Flexible CS13 Initiative and Self-Direction 1. Manage Goals and Time 2. Work Independently 3. Be Self-Directed Learners CS14 Social and Cross-Cultural Skills 1. Interact Effectively with Others 2. Work Effectively in Diverse Teams CS15 Productivity and Accountability 1. Manage Projects 2. Produce Results CS16 Leadership and Responsibility 1. Guide and Lead Others 2. Be Responsible to Others Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 109 of 222 Name: Date: Period: 21st Century Life and Career Skills Rubric The following scale can be used to assess application of each of the Life and Career Skills of students. Superior (18–20 points): The student consistently demonstrates all aspects of this skill in classroom and laboratory activities. Exceptional (15–17 points): The student consistently demonstrates most of the aspects of this skill in classroom and laboratory activities but lapses at times on one to two of the indicators. Adequate (12–14 points): The student demonstrates knowledge of the skill during classroom and laboratory activities but lapses on three or more indicators from time to time. Improving (9–11 points): The student is vaguely aware of the skill but shows only marginal evidence of being able to apply it in the classroom or laboratory. Minimal (0–8 points): The student consistently fails to demonstrate knowledge or application of the skill. Skill Comments Score Flexibility and Adaptability Initiative and Self- Direction Social and Cross-Cultural Skills Productivity and Accountability Leadership and Responsibility TOTAL SCORE Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 110 of 222 Name: Date: Period: Chart for Comparing Photosynthesis, Respiration, and Transpiration For each process, identify or describe the following: Photosynthesis Respiration Transpiration Inputs Outputs Lighting Contributing Factors Primary Difference Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 111 of 222 Name: Date: Period: Checklist for Evaluating the Diagram of the Atmosphere _____ 1. The diagram included the five layers of the atmosphere and a description of their characteristics and functions. _____ 2. The diagram was properly labeled with detail. _____ 3. The diagram was in color. _____ 4. The diagram was easy to understand. _____ 5. The diagram was drawn on an 8 ½-in. x 11-in. sheet of paper. Grade ________________________ % Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 112 of 222 Name: Date: Period: Checklist for Evaluating a Sketch of a Land Plot Place a check by each step that was accomplished in completing this exercise. 1. The student provided a title block containing a description of the plot and the student’s name. 2. The sketch included prominent features of the plot, including changes in soil surface texture, slope, and major landmarks. 3. The student marked 10 random spots where soil should be sampled for small plots (< 1 acre) or 20 random spots where soil should be sampled for large areas. Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 113 of 222 Name: Date: Period: Checklist for Soil Sample Collection and Preparation Place a check by each step that the student successfully completed. 1. The student collected samples at the proper depth (4–6 in.) according to the sketch that was prepared. 2. The student allowed the samples to dry and then crushed and mixed them together. 3. The student packaged a 1-pt box of the mixed samples and correctly labeled it for soil testing. 4. The student completely and accurately filled out the Soil Sample Information Sheet for submission to the MSU Soil Testing Laboratory. Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 114 of 222 Name: Date: Period: Detecting Air Pollution Activity Performance Rubric Possible Points Points Awarded Safety • Personal safety (glasses, clothing, etc.) • Safe use of tools, equipment, and supplies • Safely performs the task Performance of the Task • Follows the task instructions • Performs the task efficiently • Performs the task satisfactorily • Records data and information accurately Lab Maintenance • Area cleanup (clean and tidy) • Area organization (before, during, and after the task) Total Comments for deductions: Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 115 of 222 Name: Date: Period: Domesticated Animals’ Benefits Based on your readings, identify the different classes of domesticated animals, name at least three species in each class, and describe at least one benefit of the class to humanity. Class of Animal Species Benefits Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 116 of 222 Name: Date: Period: Environmental Science Weather Test Select from the following terms to answer the remaining questions. dew point precipitation temperature humidity atmospheric pressure wind clouds warm front cirrus cumulus stratus cold front weather front high low 1. Clouds that appear in large layers or sheets are called ______________________. 2. Any form of moisture that falls to the earth is ___________________________. 3. The measure of the amount of heat in something is ________________________. 4. Moving air is called ________________________. 5. The amount of water vapor in the air is described as relative or absolute _________________________. 6. The temperature of the air when dew begins to form is called _______________________. 7. The pressure exerted by the air is called ________________________________. 8. Large, dense, billowy clouds that have flat bases and a towering, dome-like appearance are called _________________________________. 9. When a warm air mass and a cold air mass meet, it is called a _______________________________. 10. Clouds that are high, white, and thin are _____________________________. 11. Small droplets or ice crystals in the atmosphere that form together are called ____________________________. 12. This symbol ( ) on a weather map indicates a ___________________________. 13. This symbol ( ) on a weather map indicates a __________________________. 14. Colder air is often indicated by an area of _______________ pressure. Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 117 of 222 15. Warmer air is often indicated by an area of ______________ pressure. Multiple Choice 1. How often does the earth revolve around the sun? a. Every 12 hr b. Every 24 hr c. Every 7 days d. Every 365 days 2. How often does the earth rotate? a. Every 12 hr b. Every 24 hr c. Every 7 days d. Every 365 days 3. The time when the earth’s axis tilts at the greatest angle toward or away from the sun is called the: a. orbit. b. equinox. c. revolution. d. solstice. 4. The time when the sun is directly over the equator is called the: a. orbit. b. equinox. c. revolution. d. solstice. 5. In which direction does the earth’s axis point? a. North/South b. East/West c. Northeast/Southeast d. Northwest/Southwest 6. The air that surrounds the earth is called the: a. atmosphere. b. hemisphere. c. climate. d. weather. 7. The weather that generally prevails is called the: a. atmosphere. b. hemisphere. c. climate. d. weather. 8. The current condition of the atmosphere is called the: a. atmosphere. b. hemisphere. c. climate. d. weather. 9. The part of the atmosphere closest to the earth is the: a. mesosphere. Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 118 of 222 b. stratosphere. c. thermosphere. d. troposphere. 10. The uppermost layer of the atmosphere that is very HOT is called the: a. mesosphere. b. stratosphere. c. thermosphere. d. troposphere. 11. The area that extends about 30 miles above the earth and is used by airplanes is the: a. mesosphere. b. stratosphere. c. thermosphere. d. troposphere. 12. The area that extends about 50 miles above the earth and is very COLD is the: a. mesosphere. b. stratosphere. c. thermosphere. d. troposphere. 13. The distance between any location on the earth and the Prime Meridian is called the: a. atmosphere. b. altitude. c. longitude. d. latitude. 14. The distance north and south of the equator measured in degrees is the: a. atmosphere. b. altitude. c. longitude. d. latitude. 15. The distance a point is above sea level is called the: a. atmosphere. b. altitude. c. longitude. d. latitude. Short Answer. Answer the following in complete sentences or by showing your math calculations. 1. What are four characteristics of a tornado? 2. What is the rating scale for tornadoes called? What is the worst rating? 3. What is time based upon? Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 119 of 222 4. What four factors are used to determine the weather? 5. What direction do weather fronts tend to move in North America? Use the following formula to solve questions 6 and 7. Show the mathematical equations that you used to arrive at the answer. C=5/9 (F-32) F=9/5 (C+32) 6. Convert 36 degrees Fahrenheit to Celsius. 7. Convert 105 degrees Celsius to Fahrenheit. Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 120 of 222 Name: Date: Period: Experiential Learning Goals and Plans For School Year 20__ – 20__ Student Name: (Enter student name here.) Student Home Address: (Enter mailing address, city, state, and zip here.) Agriculture Education Course Enrolled In: (Enter course name here.) Grade in School: (Enter grade.) My long-range goal is to: (Enter long-range goal here.) My short-range goals are to: • (Enter short-range goal #1 here.) • (Enter short-range goal #2 here. Additional short-range goals may be added.) For my Supervised Agricultural Experience program for the school year 20__ – 20__ I plan to engage in the following enterprises and activities: (Check all that apply.) ____ Exploratory ____ Research/Experimentation and Analysis ____ Ownership/Entrepreneurship ____ Placement ____ Supplementary Practice(s) ____ Improvement Practice(s) Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 121 of 222 (For each activity or enterprise planned, write a description that includes the name of the enterprise, the nature of the enterprise, number of hours worked, resources required, and expenses and income.) Name of Enterprise/Activity: (Enter the name of the enterprise or activity here.) Nature of Enterprise/Activity: (Enter a description of the nature of the enterprise.) Scope of Enterprise/Activity: (Enter a description of the scope of the enterprise, including hours involved, number of units, etc.) Resources Required: (Enter resources, materials, tools, etc. that will be required to complete the enterprise.) Estimated Expenses and Income: (Enter estimated expenses and income from the enterprise if applicable.) Skills to Be Learned: (Enter a listing of major skills to be learned through the enterprise or activity here.) Responsibilities of Parties: (Enter responsibilities of all parties involved in the enterprise or activity here.) • Student: (Enter student responsibilities here.) • Parent: (Enter parent responsibilities here.) • Employer/Supervisor/Mentor: (Enter employer/supervisor/mentor responsibilities here.) Signatures: ___________________________ ________ Student Date ___________________________ ________ Instructor Date ___________________________ ________ Parent Date ___________________________ ________ Employer/Supervisor/Mentor Date Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 122 of 222 Name: Date: Period: Evaluating Student Chart on Plant Parts and Functions Rate each factor below using the following scale: 5 – Excellent (100%) 4 – Very Good (90–99%) 3 – Good (80–89%) 2 – Acceptable (70–79%) 1 – Needs Improvement (<70%) 1. Drew a diagram of a plant and labeled the four major parts (roots, stem, leaves, and flowers) 2. Described structure and function of roots 3. Described structure and function of stems 4. Described structure and function of leaves 5. Described structure and function of complete flowers Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 123 of 222 Name: Date: Period: Experiential Learning Scavenger Hunt Use the FFA SAE Best Practices Guide (http: //www.ffa.org/documents/lpsguide.pdf) to find the answers to the following questions: 1. Find the name of the agency that sponsored an SAE for a student in Food Science Quality Assurance. 2. Find three things that the student who worked in a veterinary hospital learned. 3. Find the name of the career cluster for an SAE involving scouting field crops. 4. Find the species of trees that a student planted as part of a holiday tree or plant growing SAE. 5. Find how a student who planted a community garden paid for 50% of the cost of the garden. 6. Find how a student who had an SAE raising mice and gerbils solved the problem of space to grow the animals. 7. Find the SAE type for an SAE in which the student worked at a USDA research center conducting complex experiments with DNA. 8. Find the names of the two jobs held by the student who worked at a park riding stable. 9. Find how much the initial cost was for the student who started his or her own horseshoeing business. 10. Find the name of the breeds of goats that a student used in an SAE project involving dairy goats. Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 124 of 222 Name: Date: Period: Field Trip to Wastewater Treatment Plant Participation Checklist ___ 1. The student arrived at the designated meeting place on time with all materials and supplies required for the field trip. ___ 2. The student observed all safety rules and policies while traveling to and participating in the field trip. ___ 3. The student demonstrated interest in the content of the field trip by paying attention to the exhibits and speakers, asking pertinent questions, and taking notes. ___ 4. The student exhibited a positive attitude toward the events and activities of the field trip. ___ 5. The student remained on task throughout the field trip. ___ 6. The student exhibited cooperative workplace skills with other students throughout the field trip. Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 125 of 222 Name: Date: Period: Fish Research Group Project Rubric CATEGORY 4-Exceptional 3-Admirable 2-Acceptable 1-Amateur SCORE Group Participation All students participated in the activity. Three-fourths of the students participated in the activity. One-half of the students participated in the activity. Only one or two students actively participated. Shared Responsibility Responsibility for task is shared evenly by all members of the group. Responsibility is shared by most group members. Responsibility is shared by half the group members. One or two members bore the majority of the responsibility for accomplishing the task. Quality of Interaction All members exhibited excellent listening and leadership skills. Most students exhibited excellent listening skills. The group demonstrated some ability to listen, interact, and discuss. There was very little interaction or discussion. Some students were disinterested or distracted. Roles Within Group Each student was assigned a clearly defined role; group members performed roles effectively. Each student was assigned a role, but roles were not clearly defined or consistently followed. Students were assigned roles, but roles were not consistently followed. No effort was made to assign roles to group members. Content Information provided was very detailed and technically accurate. Illustrations were provided. Information provided was very detailed and technically accurate. Information was general in nature but technically accurate. Limited information was provided, or there were major inaccuracies in the report. Total Score: Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 126 of 222 Name: Date: Period: Group Work Assessment Rubric Highly Successful 3 points Meeting Success 2 points Experiencing Difficulty 1 point Score Sharing Shared ideas with others Occasionally shared ideas with others Seldom shared ideas with others Listening Always listened to peers Occasionally listened to peers Ignored ideas of peers Respecting Interacted with, encouraged, and supported ideas of others Occasionally encouraged and supported others Seldom encouraged and supported others Participating Shared task equally with group members Did most of the task Did very little of the task TOTAL Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 127 of 222 Name: Date: Period: Guest Speaker Evaluation Form Name of Speaker: ____________________________________ 1. List five main ideas expressed in the presentation. 1. __________________________________________________________________ 2. __________________________________________________________________ 3. __________________________________________________________________ 4. __________________________________________________________________ 5. __________________________________________________________________ 2. Write a brief summary relating the topics of the presentation to your life. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________ Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 128 of 222 Name: Date: Period: Interpret a Hazardous Material Safety Data Sheet Assignment Your instructor will furnish you with the name of a chemical that is commonly used in agricultural and natural resources occupations. You are to conduct a search of the Internet to locate a material safety data sheet (MSDS) for this material and use it to answer the following questions. 1. What is the Web address of the Internet site on which you found this information? 2. If you accidentally drank some of this material, what would be the first aid procedure you would do first? 3. What special precautions should be taken in storing this material? 4. What is the flash point of this material? 5. If you spilled a small amount of this product, how would you clean it up? 6. What immediate effects would likely happen if you spilled some of this material on your skin? Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 129 of 222 Name: Date: Period: Journal Rubric Exemplary 4 Points Accomplished 3 Points Developing 2 Points Beginning 1 Point Score Writing Quality There is a strong writing style and ability to express concepts learned. Spelling, grammar, syntax, and so forth are excellent. There is a good writing style and ability to express concepts learned. Grammar, syntax, spelling, and so forth are very good. There is a writing style that conveys meaning adequately. There are some minor grammatical, syntax, and spelling errors. There is difficulty in expressing concepts. There is limited syntax. There are noticeable grammatical and spelling mistakes. Content A clear and complete description of the activity is recorded. All major points are documented. Very good description of the activity is recorded. Most major points are documented. Good description of the activity is recorded. Some major points have been omitted. Limited description of the activity is recorded. Very few major points are documented. Insight and Understanding Definite insights into the implications of the activity are recorded. Awareness of the complexity of issues and situations is present. Some insight into the issue or situation is recorded. Some sense of complexity is present. Insight is present from a more simplistic standpoint. Only limited insight into the issue or situation is recorded. Application Content of the activity is connected to the student’s personal life and goals. Content of the activity is connected to the field of service. Content of the activity is related to life in general. Only limited connections are made. Total Score Comments: Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 130 of 222 Name: Date: Period: Job Sheet/Performance Rubric Exemplary 4 Points Accomplished 3 Points Developing 2 Points Beginning 1 Point Score Safety Student follows all safety regulations without prompting. Student follows all safety regulations but may require limited reminders or prompting. Student follows all or nearly all safety regulations but requires significant reminders. Student does not follow most safety regulations. Guidelines Student properly diagnoses problem according to manufacturer guidelines and specifications within manufacturer- specified time limits. Student properly diagnoses problem according to manufacturer guidelines and specifications but may take additional time. Student properly diagnoses problem according to manufacturer guidelines and specifications with limited assistance. Student’s work is not performed to manufacturer guidelines and specifications. Diagnosis Student quickly and accurately diagnoses problems and accurately determines causes of malfunction based on information obtained from resources. Student accurately diagnoses problems and accurately determines causes of malfunction based on information obtained from resources. Student diagnoses problem with limited assistance. With limited assistance, student determines causes of malfunction based on information obtained from resources. Student is unable to diagnose problem. Customer Information Job Sheet includes all customer information, lists all requested repairs, and contains correct calculations with no items missing. Job Sheet includes customer information, lists requested repairs, and contains correct calculations but may include up to Job Sheet includes customer information, lists requested repairs, and contains correct calculations but may include up to Job Sheet includes customer information, lists requested repairs, and contains correct calculations but may include up to Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 131 of 222 two errors or omissions. three errors or omissions. four errors or omissions. Written Information Written report is accurate and complete and demonstrates thorough understanding of systems, how they operate, safety procedures, and importance of manufacturer recommendations. Written report is accurate and complete and demonstrates solid understanding of systems, how they operate, safety procedures, and importance of manufacturer recommendations. Written report is mostly accurate and complete and demonstrates understanding of types of systems, how they operate, safety procedures, and importance of manufacturer recommendations. Written report is inaccurate and/or incomplete or indicates limited to no understanding of types of systems, how they operate, safety procedures, and importance of manufacturer recommendations. Total Score Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 132 of 222 KWL Chart: Teacher Instructions Purposes To help students access prior knowledge through brainstorming To identify areas of student interest or concern To aid the teacher in planning lessons as well as checking for understanding To track student learning throughout the unit To identify areas for further student research/study Process Use this strategy prior to, during, or at the close of any unit of study. The process can be done individually, in small groups, or as a class activity. Post the charts or have students record their information in groups. During the brainstorming phase, emphasize getting lots of ideas rather than debating or discussing the ideas as they are generated. Debates, clarifications, and discussions of ideas occur once the brainstorming is over. Do not clarify any confusion or react in any way other than to record the data. Conflicting data may be recorded. During the lesson or unit of study, misconception, confusion, or curiosity should be addressed. Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 133 of 222 Name: Date: Period: KWL Chart KNOW WHAT TO KNOW WHAT I LEARNED Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 134 of 222 Name: Date: Period: Laboratory Safety Rubric Scoring Criteria The student does the following: Excellent Good Needs Improvement Unacceptable Uses safety equipment Selects appropriate PPE Wears protective clothing Uses ANSI-approved eye protection devices Demonstrates fire extinguisher operation Subtotal for safety equipment Maintains clean facility Performs safety inspections Keeps traffic area free of debris Stores materials properly Subtotal for facility cleanliness Models appropriate behavior Lists safety rules Observes safety rules Follows written directions Follows oral directions Plans work in advance Observes surroundings Maintains appropriate records Uses proper lifting techniques Subtotal for appropriate behaviors Observes safety signage Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 135 of 222 Interprets color coding Understands safety symbols Observes safety zones Locates fire extinguishers Locates first-aid supplies Subtotal for safety signage Selects and uses tools Identifies proper tools Uses proper tools Rejects unsafe tools Carries tools properly Cleans tools after use Replaces tools upon completion Observes electrical safety Subtotal for tool selection Exercises caution with hazardous chemicals Observes label precautions Handles chemicals properly Provides adequate ventilation Subtotal for chemical safety Summative Total Adapted from Rubric Toolkit for Agricultural Science and Technology, Texas A&M University Instructional Materials Service Notes: Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 136 of 222 Name: Date: Period: Land Capability Classification Chart Identify the distinguishing factors for each of the eight land capability classes. Land Capability Class Soil Slope Erosion Potential Internal Drainage Highest Productive Use I II III IV V VI VII VIII Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 137 of 222 Name: Date: Period: Leadership Characteristics Survey Rate your leadership ability using the following characteristics. A 5 indicates a high level of this characteristic, and a 1 indicates a low level. Rating Indicator 1. Honesty/Integrity – Personally holding a high moral standard and expressing the truth 2. Visionary/Forward looking – The ability to see clearly into the future and communicate this vision to others 3. Competence – Knowledge of the organization, its goals, strengths, and limitations 4. Inspiring – The ability to get other people excited about your ideas and plans 5. Intelligence – The ability to locate knowledge and apply it to the current situation 6. Dedication/Commitment – The ability to concentrate and keep on, even if the situation is difficult 7. Openness – The ability to freely express your thoughts and to listen to the thoughts of others 8. Humility – A feeling that as a leader you are no more important than anyone else 9. Willingness to share – The ability to give credit for success to others 10. Fair and equitable – The ability to make decisions and treat other people fairly What can you do to improve your three weakest indicators? Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 138 of 222 Name: Date: Period: Letter of Application Rubric Excellent 4 Points Proficient 3 Points Needs Improvement 2 points Unsatisfactory 1 Point Score Layout/Design Creatively designed and easily read; excellent business letter Attractive and easy to read; good business letter Appears busy or boring and is difficult to read; needs improvement Unattractive or inappropriate and very difficult to read; not acceptable Information, Style, Audience, and Tone Accurate and complete information; very well written and presented Well written and interesting to read Some information provided but is limited or inaccurate Poorly written, inaccurate, or incomplete Accurate Parts Complete with all required parts Some elements may be missing. Most elements are missing or out of place. Did not use proper form for a letter Grammar, Punctuation, and Wording Excellent presentation, style, grammar, and punctuation Fair presentation, style, grammar, and punctuation Missing information and inaccurate punctuation and/or grammar Poor grammar, punctuation, and wording Following Directions and Guidelines Always on task and always followed directions Followed directions with some guidance Required a good bit of extra guidance Did not follow directions and did not ask for extra help Total Score Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 139 of 222 Name: Date: Period: Letter of Concern Regarding Production Practices Using the letter shown below, write a letter of response that states the positive benefits of the practices detailed. To: Brown County Farmers Association From: Citizens Against Cruelty to Animals (CACA) Subject: Statements of Concern about Local Production Practices We, the members of Citizens Against Cruelty to Animals (CACTA), are concerned about the treatment of animals on your members’ farms and ranches. Specifically, we are concerned about the following practices: • Castration of young bull calves and piglets • Branding of any animal using hot or cold irons • Dehorning of cattle and calves • Close confinement of chickens • Use of any medication or drugs on animal health We ask that you inform your members of these concerns and adopt a resolution that prohibits any member from following these practices. We feel that all animals have the right to exist with humans in a free and natural state. Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 140 of 222 Name: Date: Period: Letter of Concern Rubric Scoring Criteria Excellent Good Needs Improvement Unacceptable Information and Content Letter is accurate and detailed in documenting why practices are necessary Information provided is accurate. Information provided is accurate but needs to be more detailed. Information is inaccurate and lacks meaningful detail. Organization Letter is well organized and logical. Letter is organized. Letter has some organization. Letter is not organized. Style and Tone Letter is positive, courteous, and interesting to read. Letter responds to concerns with facts. Letter responds to concerns but shows some negative emotions. Letter is very emotional, discourteous, or lacks facts related to concerns. Grammar, Spelling, and Punctuation No mistakes are present in grammar, spelling, and punctuation. Only one to two minor mistakes are present. Only three to four minor mistakes are present. A major mistake is present. Layout/Design Letter follows established rules for business letter format. Letter follows rules with only one to two minor exceptions. Design is unattractive and only partially follows format. Letter does not follow format. Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 141 of 222 Name: Date: Period: Major Animal Body Systems, Components, and Functions Complete the following table using the information found in your module and in the textbook. Name of System Major Components Major Functions Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 142 of 222 Name: Date: Period: Oral Report Rubric Scoring Criteria The student does the following: Excellent Good Needs Improvement Unacceptable Communicates the main idea or theme Organizes the content Uses appropriate emphasis to express main points Expresses ideas clearly Maintains eye contact with the audience Maintains poise and body posture Displays self-confidence Maintains ease before the audience Conveys thought and meaning Uses appropriate visual aids (if applicable) that are meaningful Accomplishes purpose and/or objectives Responds to questions with carefully planned answers Notes: Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 143 of 222 Name: Date: Period: Performing Routine Equipment Maintenance and Repair Tasks Rubric Rate the ability of the student to perform maintenance and repair tasks shown below using the following scale: Proficient – Can perform consistently and independently with proficiency of an incumbent worker Intermediate – Can perform the task but may require further practice to become as proficient as an incumbent worker Introductory – Can perform the task but some coaching and further training is required Limited – Can perform the task with extensive coaching; further training and practice is required Task Rating Check engine oil level and condition Check coolant level and concentration Check hydraulic/transmission fluid and condition Check pleated paper air filter Check oil bath air filter Assess machinery parts for wear or breakage Recondition agricultural machinery Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 144 of 222 Name: Date: Period: Picture Assessment Rubric Exemplary 4 points Accomplished 3 points Developing 2 points Beginning 1 point Score Required Content The picture includes all required content elements as well as additional information. All required content elements are included on the picture. All but one of the required content elements are included on the picture. Several required content elements were missing. Labels All items of importance on the picture are clearly labeled with labels that are easy to read. Almost all items of importance on the picture are clearly labeled with labels that are easy to read. Many items of importance on the picture are clearly labeled with labels that are easy to read. Labels are too small to read, or no important items were labeled. Attractiveness The picture is exceptionally attractive in terms of design, layout, and neatness. The picture is attractive in terms of design, layout, and neatness. The picture is acceptably attractive though it may be a bit messy. The picture is distractingly messy or very poorly designed. Grammar There are no grammatical or mechanical mistakes on the picture. There are one to two grammatical or mechanical mistakes on the picture. There are three to four grammatical or mechanical mistakes on the picture. There are more than four grammatical or mechanical mistakes on the picture. Total Score Comments: Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 145 of 222 Name: Date: Period: Presentation Rubric Date__________________________________________________ Teacher comments: Criteria Score Presentation Unorganized; does not flow; hard to follow; does not account for the knowledge of the audience; bland; no use of color or graphics Ideas are organized, but presentation requires further explanation to follow; some use of color and graphics; obvious improvement needed Appropriately organized; some improvement needed to clearly understand the topic; appropriate use of graphics Presentation flows easily and can be understood easily by the audience; good use of color and graphics; all required information is present Cleanliness Unorganized experimentation; poor lab skills; messy and unorganized report; lacks direction Ideas are organized, but presentation requires further explanation to follow; poor lab skills; obvious improvement needed Appropriately organized; some improvement needed to clearly understand the topic; only a few errors in lab skills Report flows easily and is easily understood; good lab skills; all required information is present Knowledge of the Topic Little to no understanding of the project; shows lack of interest and research; unable to answer questions on the topic Basic understanding of the task; very little interest (too easy); unable to sufficiently answer questions Adequate understanding of the task; appropriate information for the audience; could be further studied Questions answered easily; information appropriate for the audience; shows interest and good investment of time Thoroughness No understanding of the science involved; did not include all topics Poor understanding of the science; one reference; only a couple of topics researched Decent explanation of the science; two references; most topics present Effective explanation of science; all topics present Accuracy Incorrect facts throughout the presentation; no data inclusion One or two correct facts, but primarily poor information; poor representation of data A few incorrect facts, but effective overall presentation; should improve representation of data Complete factual information; good overall presentation and representation of data Total Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 146 of 222 Name: Date: Period: Planning an Experiment Rubric Excellent Good Needs Improvement Unacceptable The Question Student posed a specific question in clear concise language that calls for scientific research. Student posed a general question that implies the need for scientific research. Student posed an ambiguous question that could be answered easily without using the scientific method. Student posed a question that does not require scientific research. Background Research Student listed four or more possible sources. Student listed three possible sources. Student listed two possible resources. Student listed only one possible resource. Hypothesis Student stated the hypothesis in a way that can be measured to answer the question and identified the independent and dependent variables. Student stated the hypothesis in a measurable manner to answer the question. Student stated the hypothesis in a somewhat measurable manner. Student stated the hypothesis in a manner that could not be measured. Experimental Method Design Student clearly identified procedures and controls that would be used to conduct the experiment as well as data collection and analysis procedures. Student identified general procedures, controls, and data collection and analysis procedures. Student identified some of the general procedures, controls, and data collection and analysis procedures. The student offered little or no explanation of procedures, controls, or data collection and analysis procedures. Grammar, Spelling, Punctuation, and Accuracy No mistakes One to two minor mistakes Three to five minor mistakes or one major mistake More than six minor mistakes and/or more than one major mistake Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 147 of 222 Name: Date: Period: Plant Growth Record your observations on plant growth on this sheet. Date planted: _________ Number of seed planted: __________ Date first plants emerged: ___________ Total number of plants that emerged: ________ Average height of plants after 5 days: _______________ Average height of plants after 10 days: ______________ Number of plants surviving after 10 days: ____________ What factors could have contributed to the loss of plants during the growing period? What factors could have improved the growth rate of plants over the growing period? What important concepts or knowledge did you learn from this experiment? Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 148 of 222 Name: Date: Period: Plant Nutrient Chart For each essential nutrient, enter the element name, the chemical symbol, type, and deficiency symptoms. Element Name Chemical Symbol Type Deficiency Symptoms (O=Organic, P = Primary, S = Secondary, M = Micronutrient) Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 149 of 222 Name: Date: Period: Plant Pests and the Damage They Cause Type of pest Damage or loss caused by each type Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 150 of 222 Name: Date: Period: Poster Assessment Rubric Exemplary 4 Points Accomplished 3 Points Developing 2 Points Beginning 1 Point Score Required Content The poster includes all required content elements as well as additional information. All required content elements are included on the poster. All but one of the required content elements are included on the poster. Several required content elements are missing. Labels All items of importance on the poster are clearly labeled with labels that are easy to read. Almost all items of importance on the poster are clearly labeled with labels that are easy to read. Many items of importance on the poster are clearly labeled with labels that are easy to read. Labels are too small to read, or no important items are labeled. Attractiveness The poster is exceptionally attractive in terms of design, layout, and neatness. The poster is attractive in terms of design, layout, and neatness. The poster is acceptably attractive though it may be a bit messy. The poster is distractingly messy or very poorly designed. Grammar There are no grammatical or mechanical mistakes on the poster. There are one to two grammatical or mechanical mistakes on the poster. There are three to four grammatical or mechanical mistakes on the poster. There are more than four grammatical or mechanical mistakes on the poster. Total Score Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 151 of 222 Name: Date: Period: Reflective Writing Rubric on the Differences between Groundwater and Surface Water CATEGORY Writing Structure Sentences and paragraphs are complete, well- constructed, and of varied structure. All sentences are complete and well- constructed (no fragments, no run-ons). Paragraphing is generally done well. Most sentences are complete and well- constructed. Paragraphing needs some work. There are many sentence fragments or run-on sentences OR paragraphing needs lots of work. Content The writing contains a detailed description of both surface and ground water. The writing contains a general description of the characteristics of ground water and surface water. The writing contains a limited description of the characteristics of ground water and surface water. The writing contains a very weak description or inaccurate description of the characteristics of ground water and surface water. Content Accuracy The writing contains at least three accurate descriptions of groundwater and surface water. The writing contains at least two accurate descriptions of groundwater and surface water. The writing contains at least one accurate example of groundwater and surface water. The writing contains no examples or descriptions of groundwater and surface water. Content Understanding Ideas were expressed in a clear and organized fashion. It was easy to figure out that the student understands the difference between surface and groundwater. Ideas were expressed in a clear manner, but the organization could have been better. Ideas were somewhat organized but were not very clear. It took more than one reading to figure out whether the student understood the difference between surface and groundwater. The writing seemed to be a collection of unrelated sentences. The student did not grasp the concept of the difference between surface and groundwater. Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 152 of 222 Name: Date: Period: Relationship of Pure Sciences to Agricultural Sciences Assignment Pure Sciences • Biology – the study of living plants and animals • Chemistry – the study of chemical elements and compounds • Physics – the study of matter and energy and the interactions between the two • Mathematics – the study of numbers and their relationships to measurement, properties, and quantities For each of the applied agricultural sciences, indicate the degree of relationship to each of the pure sciences using the following scale: 3 – Highly related 2 – Related 1 – Limited relation 0 – No relation Applied Agricultural Science Biology Chemistry Physics Mathematics Entomology Soil Science Silviculture Horticulture Animal Nutrition Agricultural Mechanization Plant Pathology Animal Genetics Environmental Science Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 153 of 222 Name: Date: Period: Recycling Program Rubric Rate the effectiveness of the students’ recycling program plan using the following indicators. Scale: 5 – Very Effective 4 – Effective 3 – Adequate 2 – Minimal 1 – Needs improvement _____ 1. The students organized themselves into a team with defined roles and responsibilities for all members. _____ 2. The students conducted a recycling audit to determine the types and volume of solid waste being generated at the school. _____ 3. The students identified markets for recycled products, taking transportation costs into effect. _____ 4. Based on the information found in steps 2 and 3, the students determined which waste products should be collected for recycling. _____ 5. The students established a system for collecting, sorting, and storing different types of waste products. _____ 6. The students implemented an educational program for staff and other students to inform them of the program. _____ 7. The students established a reward system to encourage participation in the recycling program. Comments: Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 154 of 222 Name: Date: Period: Resume Assessment Rubric Excellent 25 Points Well Done 20 Points Meets Standards 15 Points Beginning 10 Points No Evidence 0 Points Score Format Resume contains name, address, objective, education, experience, and references; all words spelled correctly Contains at least six of the criteria; no more than two spelling errors Contains at least five of the criteria; no more than four spelling errors Contains minimal information; more than four spelling errors Assignment not submitted Education Education includes schools attended, graduation dates, diploma/degree awarded, and major field of study. Education includes three of the criteria. Education includes two of the criteria. Education includes one of the criteria. Assignment not submitted Experience Experience includes internships, entry-level jobs, and current position. Experience includes two of the criteria. Experience includes one of the criteria. Experience includes current position only. Assignment not submitted Factual Contains factual names and dates and is believable Contains fairly believable names and dates Resume has unrealistic dates or names. Resume is unrealistic and contains conflicting information. Assignment not submitted Total Score Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 155 of 222 Name: Date: Period: Role-Play or Skit Rubric for Shop/Lab Safety Activity Exemplary 4 Points Accomplished 3 Points Developing 2 Points Beginning 1 Point Score Accuracy All safety information was accurate. Almost all safety information was accurate. Most safety information was accurate. Very little safety information was accurate. Role Excellent character development; student contributed in a significant manner. Good character development; student contributed in a cooperative manner. Fair character development; student might have contributed. Little or no character development; student did not contribute much at all. Knowledge Gained Used more than 4 safety examples, showed considerable creativity, and can clarify details Used three to four safety examples and showed considerable creativity Used two to three safety examples Used one safety example Content Safety content used was appropriate to the workplace, and student can explain why. Safety content used was appropriate to the workplace. Safety content used was slightly appropriate to the workplace. Safety content used was not appropriate to the workplace. Required Elements Included more information than required Included all required information Included most required information Included less information than required Total Score Comments: Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 156 of 222 Name: Date: Period: Rubric for Assessing Team-Building and Participation Skills Scoring Criteria The student does the following: Excellent Good Needs Improvement Unacceptable Actively participates in team discussions and activities Encourages other team members to participate in discussions and activities Works with other members to keep the activity on schedule and on task Shares ideas and thoughts Offers constructive recommendations Credits others for their contributions and ideas Empathizes with other members Requests input from others to reach an agreement Expresses ideas and thoughts Actively listens to other team members Notes: Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 157 of 222 Name: Date: Period: Rubric for Experiential Learning Planning and Record Keeping Scoring Criteria Excellent Good Needs Improvement Unacceptable Long-range and short-term goals reflect the educational and career goals of the student. The SAE plan/training agreement reflects growth in student skill and proficiency. Records accurately reflect all SAE accomplishments of the student over the year. Records are maintained on a timely basis. Journals or calendars are maintained on a timely basis and serve as the source for recordkeeping. Hours and earnings are recorded based on activities. A summary of all activities is provided at the end of each grading period. Financial records are maintained accurately. Financial records are summarized at the end of the year. Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 158 of 222 Name: Date: Period: Sample Rubric for Evaluating Work Ethics and Values Scoring Criteria Behavior/Skill Excellent Good Needs Improvement Unacceptable Punctuality (arrives on time) Preparation (completes pre- assignments and brings necessary materials) Respects other students/workers Listens to supervisor and follows directions Accepts responsibility for actions Demonstrates positive personality traits (kindness, trustworthiness, and honesty) Demonstrates productivity (patience, thoroughness, and good work ethic) Demonstrates a concern for others Remains on task and allows others to remain on task Takes initiative as appropriate Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 159 of 222 Name: Date: Period: Scavenger Hunt Questionnaire Respond to the following: 1. What is the name of the component? 2. What is the purpose of the component? 3. Where is the component located on a vehicle? 4. Where can the component be purchased? 5. What is the cost of the component? 6. When should the component be repaired or replaced? 7. What is the cost of labor to replace or repair the component? Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 160 of 222 Name: Date: Period: School Composting Plan Rubric Rate the effectiveness of the students’ recycling program plan using the following indicators. Scale: 5 – Very Effective 4 – Effective 3 – Adequate 2 – Minimal 1 – Needs improvement _____ 1. The students organized themselves into a team with defined roles and responsibilities for all members. _____ 2. The students conducted a composting audit to determine the sources, kinds, and amounts of material to be composted and determined where composted materials could be used. _____ 3. The students designed and constructed a composting facility. _____ 4. The students established a schedule for collecting materials. _____ 5. The students informed staff and other students of the composting program. _____ 6. The students established a schedule for turning the compost. _____ 7. The students established a reward program for participation in the project. Comments: Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 161 of 222 Name: Date: Period: Select a Personal/Leadership Activity Assignment Which activity did you select? Why did you select this activity? When will this activity take place? What skills and knowledge will you have to learn in order to be successful in this activity? How will this activity contribute to your personal development and leadership ability? Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 162 of 222 Name: Date: Period: Scorecard for Assessing Parliamentary Procedure Skills Sample Scorecard for Parliamentary Procedure Demonstration Points Allowed Points Earned Required motion 5 Discussion (maximum of 5 debates @ 2 pts each) 10 Additional motion (includes main or alternate main motion) 5 Chair 10 Ability to preside 5 Leadership 10 Team’s general effect 15 Conclusions reached by team (team’s use of motions and discussion support disposal of the main motion) 10 Team effect (degree to which discussion was convincing, logical, realistic, orderly, and efficient) 10 Team’s voice, poise, expression, and appearance 5 Completeness and accuracy 5 Format 5 Grammar, style, and legibility 5 SUBTOTAL 100 Deductions for parliamentary mistakes (5 pts for a minor mistake; up to 20 points for a major mistake) pts/minor mistake 5–20 Deductions for omitting assigned motion 10 TOTAL Adapted from FFA CDE Handbook Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 163 of 222 Name: Date: Period: Stream Monitoring Activity Performance Rubric Possible Points Points Awarded Safety • Personal safety (glasses, gloves, clothing, etc.) • Safe use of tools and equipment • Safely performs the task Performance of the Task • Follows the instructions on conducting stream- monitoring practices • Successfully collects information for assessment • Records data and information accurately • Summarizes data correctly Laboratory Maintenance • Properly handles the Ecology Kit tools and equipment • Understands the mechanics of water quality measuring devices • Area cleanup (clean and tidy) • Area organization (before, during, and after the task) Total Comments for deductions: Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 164 of 222 Name: Date: Period: Student Electronic Notebook Rubric Scoring Criteria The student did the following: Excellent Good Needs Improvement Unacceptable Captured the main ideas from the presentation or lecture in handwritten form Accurately transcribed the main ideas into the proper electronic format Checked spelling and grammar Demonstrated comprehension of the writing process Summarized the important points and added personal reflections Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 165 of 222 Name: Date: Period: Student Water Use Diary Date Use of water Amount used Identify five ways in which you could conserve water. 1. __________________________________________________________________________________ 2. __________________________________________________________________________________ 3. __________________________________________________________________________________ 4. __________________________________________________________________________________ 5. __________________________________________________________________________________ Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 166 of 222 Name: Date: Period: Tree Planting Checklist Place a check by each step or practice that the student performed correctly. _____ 1. The student protected the seedlings to be planted from drying out from sun or wind damage. _____ 2. The student followed all safety practices in working in the field. _____ 3. The student selected the proper spacing for planting the seedling. _____ 4. The student used the dibble or shovel to make a planting hole of the correct size and depth. _____ 5. The student planted the seedling to the correct depth and checked to make sure that the tap root was pointing straight down (not J-rooted or L-rooted). _____ 6. The student used the dibble to close both the bottom and top of the planting hole, eliminating any air pockets around the root. _____ 7. The student finished closing the hole with his or her shoe heel to create a small indentation at the seedling to collect and hold water. _____ 8. The student correctly stored all tools and remaining seedlings after completing the planting task. Comments: Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 167 of 222 Name: Date: Period: Water Quality Testing Laboratory Rubric Scoring Criteria The student/team does the following: Excellent Good Needs Improvement Unacceptable Explains the skill Explains the skill as performed Summarizes conclusions Participates as a team Presents effective explanation Subtotal of explanation Performs the skill Prepares (sets up supplies and equipment for demonstration) Performs the water-quality test Cleans the demonstration area (removes supplies and equipment and cleans the area) Demonstrates satisfactory participation by all team members Subtotal for skill performance Demonstrates overall effectiveness Completes laboratory report Observes all safety practices Maintains appropriate dress Maintains personal grooming Subtotal for overall effectiveness Summative Total Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 168 of 222 Name: Date: Period: Worksheet on Basic Principles of Heredity and Genetics 1. The passing of a trait or characteristic of a parent animal to an offspring is called _________________________. 2. What percent of an animal’s characteristics comes from the father? ________________% 3. All of the characteristics of an animal are determined by a complex set of molecules, genes, and nucleotides called ________________________. 4. A specific trait in an animal, such as eye or skin color, is determined by a unit of DNA called a _________________________. 5. A pair of genes that produces the same trait is _______________________________, while a pair of genes that can produce different traits is _______________________________. 6. As an embryo develops, the cells begin to change into specialized cells that form muscle, bone, nerves, and other tissues. This process is called_____________________________. 7. If a producer were interested in producing calves that were naturally hornless, what type of bull should be used? _________________________________________ 8. Describe how a recessive gene can be used to obtain a specific trait in a breed of animal. 9. If you mate a homozygous (PP) bull to a heterozygous (Pp) cow, what are the resulting genotypes? (P=polled; p=horned) _________________________________________ 10. If you mate a homozygous (PP) bull to a heterozygous (Pp) cow, what percentage of the calves would be polled? (P=polled; p=horned) _________________________________________ Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 169 of 222 Name: Date: Period: Written Report Rubric Exemplary 4 Points Accomplished 3 Points Developing 2 Points Beginning 1 Point Score Content Clear thesis and focus that remain apparent Thesis and focus that remain apparent Addresses subject matter with minimal support Does not focus on topic Grammar Correct and effective use of grammar and mechanics Occasional errors in use of grammar and mechanics Problems in use of grammar and mechanics Repeated errors in use of grammar and mechanics Content Clear thesis and focus that remain apparent Thesis and focus that remain apparent Addresses subject matter with minimal support Does not focus on topic Organization Ideas flow smoothly and logically with clarity and coherence Logical order and appropriate sequencing of ideas with adequate transition Some evidence of an organizational plan or strategy Lacks organization TOTAL Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 170 of 222 Appendix B: Glossary Unit 1 Agriculture – the science of growing and raising livestock and crops Agriscience – the application of scientific principles and new technologies in agriculture Hazardous material – material that can cause injury or death MSDS – Material Safety Data Sheet; provides safety data on hazardous materials Natural resources – resources provided by nature Renewable natural resource – resources provided by nature that can replace and renew themselves Scientific method – a procedure for investigating problems of a scientific nature Unit 2 FFA – The National FFA Organization Human relations – the study of group behavior for the purpose of improving relationships Leadership – the act of leading, guiding, or directing Parliamentary procedure – a body of rules and procedures used when a group is assembled for a meeting Work ethics – a belief in the importance of work Unit 3 Asset – adds value to operation, something you own Cash – expense; liabilities you spend money on Inventory – record of property and goods you own Liability – takes value away from an expense Loss – liabilities larger than assets Net worth – liabilities minus assets Non-cash expense – no money changes hands, trade services or barter Profit – assets minus liabilities SAEP – an educational program conducted under simulated or real-life conditions by which a student can obtain a start toward placement in a chosen occupation Unit 4 Animal rights – the rights of animals to be treated humanely Animal welfare – the well-being of an animal Artificial Insemination – a process of impregnating the female whereby sperm is placed in the female reproductive organs by means other than sexual intercourse Digestive System – a system that breaks food into components small enough that they can be absorbed by the body Embryo Transfer – a process of placing embryos into the female to cause pregnancy Genetics – the genetic composition of an organism as it relates to heredity Heredity – the total of genetic characteristics Marketing – process of selling goods or services Meiosis – a process of chromosomes’ reduction in gamete-producing cells Mitosis – a cell-dividing process in which 2 nuclei have the same number of chromosomes Nutrient – a substance that gives nutrition Processing – a process or treatment that changes an item into a consumable or a refined product for another process Production – making goods usable Roughages – food that is high in fiber Ruminant – chewing and re-chewing what has been swallowed Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 171 of 222 Unit 5 Annual – a plant with a life cycle that is completed in one growing season Asexual reproduction – propagation utilizing a part or parts of one plant to produce others Biennial – a plant that takes two growing seasons to complete its life cycle Chlorophyll – green pigment in leaves Fertilizer – material that supplies nutrients for plants Flowers – reproductive part of the plant Fungicides – a material used to destroy fungi Germinate – a seed sprouting or starting to grow Herbicides – a chemical for killing weeds Insecticides – a material used to kill insects Leaf – plant part consisting of a stipule, petiole and blade Macronutrients – elements used in relatively large quantities Micronutrients – elements used in very small quantities Perennial – a plant that lives for more than two growing seasons Photosynthesis – a process in which chlorophyll in green plants enables those plants to utilize light to manufacture sugar from CO2 and H2O Phototropism – a process by which a plant leaf is capable of adjusting its angle of exposure to the sun Propagation – process of increasing the number of a species Respiration – a process in which energy and CO2 are released due to digestion or the breakdown of plant tissues during periods of darkness Roots – the part of the plant needed to anchor the plant to the ground Sexual Reproduction – growing plants from seed Stems – supports leaves and conducts flow of H2O nutrients Terminal bud – bud at the end of a twig or branch Transpiration – a process by which a plant looses water vapor Unit 6 Erosion – wearing away of the soil Land capability class – classification that describes the best use of land Leach – contents of soil removed downward into the soil by water Microbes – microscopic plants or animals Organic Matter – dead plant or animal matter Permeable – permitting movement of material down into the soil pH – degree of acidity or alkalinity Soil – top layer of the soil Soil profile – cross-section view of the soil Texture – refers to the size and proportion of soil particles Tillable – land or soil that is workable with tools or equipment Unit 7 Regulator – a device that keeps pressure at a set level or controls the rate of flow of a gas or liquid Neutral flame – flame with a balance of oxygen and acetylene Tip cleaner – tool used to remove dirt or metal residue from a hole in tip of torch Backfire – a loud snap or popping noise heard from torch when the flame blows out Flashback – burning inside an oxy-fuel torch that causes the torch to squeal or hiss Arc – flow of current across a narrow gap Electrode – welding rod coated with flux and used with an electric welder Tensile – the amount of tension or pull a weld can withstand Electricity – form of energy that can produce light, heat, magnetism and chemical changes Conductor – any material that will allow electrons to move through it Resistance – any tendency of a material to prevent electrical flow Insulator – material that provides great resistance to the flow of electricity Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 172 of 222 Volts – a measure of electrical pressure Amps – a measure of rate of flow of current in a conductor Watts – a measure of energy available or work that can be done using 1 ampere at 1 volt Ohms – a measure of the resistance of a material to the flow of electrical current Ignition – spark igniting an air fuel mixture Exhaust – burned gases removed by the motion of the piston Rpm – revolutions per minute Stroke – the movement of the piston from the top to the bottom or the bottom to the top Unit 8 FFA – The National FFA Organization Human relations – the study of group behavior for the purpose of improving relationships Leadership - the act of leading, guiding, or directing. Parliamentary procedure – a body of rules and procedures used when a group is assembled for a meeting Work ethics – a belief in the importance of work Unit 9 Alternative energy – energy or fuel from new renewable or nonpolluting sources that are not widely used Conservation – using natural resources wisely Decomposer – an organism, such as a mushroom and bacterium, that breaks down the bodies of dead plants and animals Domestic species – a species that is stronger or has some advantage over another species Ecosystem – all the parts of a particular environment Effluent – The water that flows from a treatment facility or factory into a stream, lake, or ocean Exhaustible resources – a natural resource that cannot be increased; there are fixed quantities (coal, oil, etc.) Industrial solid waste – waste from manufacturing Inexhaustible resources – natural resources with a seemingly endless supply (wind, solar, etc.) Renewable natural resources – a resource that can be replaced when it is used (air, soil, and wildlife) Unit 10 Nonpoint source pollution – Pollution from sources that cannot be directly traced to any single point of discharge Pathogens – living or non-living things that cause disease Point source pollution – pollution that can be traced to a specific point of discharge Potable water – water that is safe for humans to use for drinking or cooking Stream – a flowing body of water Stream flow – the volume and velocity of water movement in a stream Stream hydrology – the study of flowing water and its environment Unit 11 Annual Ring - the layer of wood produced by a single year's growth of a woody plant Arboriculture – the cultivation of trees and bushes for study, ornamentation, or profit Board Foot – a unit of volume for measuring lumber, equal to the volume of a board that is 1-ft square and 1-in. thick Clear – cut to cut down and remove all of the trees from a forest or other area of land Conifers – any tree that has thin leaves, needles, and produces cones; many types are evergreen; pines, firs, junipers, larches, spruces, and yews are conifers Deciduous – describes trees and bushes that shed their leaves in the fall Evergreen – describes a tree or bush that retains its foliage throughout the year Hardwood – wood from a broad-leaved tree as opposed to from a conifer Lumber – trees that have been sawed and prepared for use in building, woodworking, or cabinetmaking Pulpwood – a soft wood that is used to make paper, (e.g., aspen, pine, or spruce) Seedling – a young developing plant that has been grown from a seed Silviculture – the study, cultivation, and management of forest trees Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 173 of 222 Softwood – the open-grained wood of a pine, cedar, or other coniferous tree Unit 12 Wildlife – wild animals, birds, and other living things, sometimes including vegetation, living in a natural undomesticated state Vertebrae – bone in spinal column Predator – carnivorous animal that hunts, kills, and eats other animals in order to survive, or any other organism that behaves in a similar manner Prey – an animal or animals caught, killed, and eaten by another animal as food Parasitism – symbiosis in which one organism lives as a parasite in or on another organism Mutualism – relationship between two organisms of different species that benefits both and harms neither Commensalism – the relationship between organisms of two different species in which one derives food or other benefits from the association while the other remains unharmed and unaffected Wetlands – a marsh, swamp, or other area of land where the soil near the surface is saturated or covered with water, especially one that forms a habitat for wildlife Unit 13 Sustainable agriculture – exploiting natural resources without destroying the ecological balance of an area E.P.A. – Environmental Protection Agency; a government agency charged with protecting the environment and human health N.R.C.S – Natural Resources Conservation Service; government agency charged with conservation of soil and water resources in the United States Composting – a mixture of decayed plants and other organic matter used by gardeners for enriching soil Hazardous waste – waste that poses substantial or potential threats to public health or the environment MSDS – Material Safety Data Sheet; accompanies chemicals to inform the user of the properties Humus – dark brown organic component of soil that is derived from decomposed plant and animal remains and animal excrement Unit 14 Regulator – a device that keeps pressure at a set level or controls the rate of flow of a gas or liquid Neutral flame – flame with a balance of oxygen and acetylene Tip cleaner – tool used to remove dirt or metal residue from a hole in tip of torch Backfire – a loud snap or popping noise heard from torch when the flame blows out Flashback – burning inside an oxy-fuel torch that causes the torch to squeal or hiss Arc – flow of current across a narrow gap Electrode – welding rod coated with flux and used with an electric welder Tensile – the amount of tension or pull a weld can withstand Electricity – form of energy that can produce light, heat, magnetism, and chemical changes Conductor – any material that will allow electrons to move through it Resistance – any tendency of a material to prevent electrical flow Insulator – material that provides great resistance to the flow of electricity Volts – a measure of electrical pressure Amps – a measure of rate of flow of current in a conductor Watts – a measure of energy available or work that can be done using 1 ampere at 1 volt Ohms – a measure of the resistance of a material to the flow of electrical current Unit 15 Corporation – a company recognized by law as a single body with its own powers and liabilities, separate from those of the individual members Partnership – the relationship between two or more people or organizations that are involved in the same activity Sole proprietor – an individual who is the sole owner of a business that is neither a partnership nor a company Wholesale – the business of buying goods in large quantities and selling them, especially to retailers for resale Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 174 of 222 Retail – the selling of goods directly to customers, (e.g., in stores) Supply – to give, sell, or make available something that is wanted or needed by somebody or something Interest – a charge made for a loan or credit facility, or a payment made by a bank or other financial institution for the use of money deposited in an account Principle – finance relating to the initial amount of money that was invested or borrowed Capital – money that can be used to produce further wealth Depreciation – the amount or percentage by which something decreases in value over time, usually 1 year Profit – the excess of income over expenditure, especially in business Income Tax – a tax paid on money made from employment, business, or capita Life insurance – a plan under which regular payments are made to a company during somebody's lifetime, and in return the company pays a specific sum to the person's beneficiaries after the person's death Health Insurance – insurance to cover the costs or losses incurred if an insured person falls ill Contract – a formal or legally binding agreement Negligent – guilty of failing to provide a proper or reasonable level of care GPS – Global Positioning System; a satellite-based navigation system that precisely identifies points on the earth Definitions were obtained from a variety of