Finance, Career Pathway

Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 1 of 103 Title 7: Education K-12 Part 56: Finance, Career Pathway F in an ce and A ccoun tin g Mississippi Department of Education Program CIP: Accounting and Finance: 52.0304 Direct inquiries to Denise Sibley, M.Ed. Angela Kitchens Instructional Design Specialist Program Coordinator P.O. Drawer DX Office of Career and Technical Education Mississippi State, MS 39762 Mississippi Department of Education 662.325.2510 P.O. Box 771 E-mail: denise.sibley@rcu.msstate.edu Jackson, MS 39205 601.359.3461 E-mail: akitchens@mde.k12.ms.us Published by Office of Career and Technical Education Mississippi Department of Education Jackson, MS 39205 Research and Curriculum Unit Mississippi State University Mississippi State, MS 39762 Betsey Smith, Curriculum Manager Jolanda Harris, Educational Technologist Ashleigh Barbee Murdock, Editor Kim Harris, Multimedia Specialist The Research and Curriculum Unit (RCU), located in Starkville, MS, as part of Mississippi State University, was established to foster educational enhancements and innovations. In keeping with the land grant mission of Mississippi State University, the RCU is dedicated to improving the quality of life for Mississippians. The RCU enhances intellectual and professional development of Mississippi students and educators while applying knowledge and educational research to the lives of the people of the state. The RCU works within the contexts of curriculum development and revision, research, assessment, professional development, and industrial training. The Mississippi Department of Education, Office of Career and Technical Education does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, sex, age, or disability in the provision of educational programs and services or employment opportunities and benefits. The following office has been designated to handle inquiries and complaints regarding the non-discrimination policies of the Mississippi Department of Education: Director, Office of Human Resources, Mississippi Department of Education, 359 North West Street, Suite 203, Jackson, Mississippi 39201, 601.359.3511. Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 2 of 103 Table of Contents Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 3 of 103 Acknowledgments The curriculum was presented to the Mississippi Board of Education on February 16-17, 2012. The following persons were serving on the state board at the time: Dr. Tom Burnham, State Superintendent Mr. William Harold Jones, Chair Mr. Charles McClelland, Vice Chair Ms. Kami Bumgarner Mr. Howell “Hal” N. Gage Dr. O. Wayne Gann Mr. Claude Hartley Ms. Martha “Jackie” Murphy Ms. Rosetta Richards Dr. Sue Matheson Jean Massey, Associate Superintendent of Education for the Office of Career and Technical Education, at the Mississippi Department of Education assembled a taskforce committee to provide input throughout the development of the Curriculum Framework and Supporting Materials. Members of this taskforce were as follows: Dr. Diane Fisher, Associate Dean and Associate Professor, College of Education and Psychology, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi Dr. Connie Forde, Professor, Instructional Systems and Workforce Development, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi Selena Swartzfager, President, Mississippi Council on Economic Education, Jackson, Mississippi Also, special thanks are extended to the teachers who contributed teaching and assessment materials that are included in the framework and supporting materials. Members who contributed were as follows: Margaret Blue, Chair, Business Technology Department, Biloxi High School, Biloxi, Mississippi Virginia Cowart, Instructor, Business Technology, Fallin Career & Technology Center, Natchez, Mississippi Angela Hill, Instructor, Business Technology, Williams-Sullivan High School, Durant, Mississippi Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 4 of 103 Standards Standards are superscripted in each unit and are referenced in the appendices. Standards in the Curriculum Framework and Supporting Materials are based on the following: National Standards for Business Education The National Standards for Business Education© are a collection of national standards based on the fundamental knowledge and skills needed to succeed in business. The accounting standards of the National Standards for Business Education reflect the importance of being able to understand, interpret, and use accounting information to make financial decisions. Copyright 2007. National Business Education Association. National MBA Curriculum Standards The National MBA Curriculum Standards have been adopted by most states because of the extensive and continuing research and industry validation from which these standards are derived. These standards are used extensively by DECA and, to a lesser degree, by other student organizations. The standards for the Business Finance Pathway focus on careers that manage policy and strategy for (and the implementation of) capital structure, budgeting, acquisition and merger, financial modeling and planning, funding, dividends and taxation. Copyright © 2008, Marketing Education Resource Center®. Common Core State Standards Initiative The Common Core State Standards© provide a consistent, clear understanding of what students are expected to learn, so teachers and parents know what they need to do to help them. The standards are designed to be robust and relevant to the real world, reflecting the knowledge and skills that our young people need for success in college and careers. With American students fully prepared for the future, our communities will be best positioned to compete successfully in the global economy. Copyright 2010. National Governors Association Center for Best Practices and Council of Chief State School Officers. All rights reserved. States and territories of the United States as well as the District of Columbia that have adopted the Common Core State Standards in whole are exempt from this provision and no attribution to the National Governors Association Center for Best Practices and Council of Chief State School Officers is required. Reprinted from http://www.corestandards.org/. National Educational Technology Standards for Students Reprinted with permission from National Educational Technology Standards for Students: Connecting Curriculum and Technology, Copyright © 2007, International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE), 800.336.5191 (U.S. and Canada) or 541.302.3777 (International), iste@iste.org, www.iste.org. All rights reserved. Permission does not constitute an endorsement by ISTE. 21st Century Skills and Information and Communication Technologies Literacy Standards In defining 21st century learning, the Partnership for 21st Century Skills has embraced five content and skill areas that represent the essential knowledge for the 21st century: global awareness; civic engagement; financial, economic, and business literacy; learning skills that encompass problem-solving, critical-thinking, and self-directional skills; and Information and Communication Technology (ICT) literacy. Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 5 of 103 Preface Secondary career and technical education programs in Mississippi are faced with many challenges resulting from sweeping educational reforms at the national and state levels. Schools and teachers are increasingly being held accountable for providing true learning activities to every student in the classroom. This accountability is measured through increased requirements for mastery and attainment of competency as documented through both formative and summative assessments. The courses in this document reflect the statutory requirements as found in Section 37-3-49, Mississippi Code of 1972, as amended (Section 37-3-46). In addition, this curriculum reflects guidelines imposed by federal and state mandates (Laws, 1988, ch. 487, §14; Laws, 1991, ch. 423, §1; Laws, 1992, ch. 519, §4 eff. from and after July 1, 1992; Carl D. Perkins Vocational Education Act IV, 2007; and No Child Left Behind Act of 2001). Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 6 of 103 Executive Summary Pathway Description The Finance and Accounting Pathway is designed to introduce students into the field of financial analysis and management. Students in the Finance and Accounting Pathway will acquire knowledge and develop skills through classroom learning and hands‐on experiences. Nearly every organization has a financial manager or an accountant employed. They oversee investment strategies, maintain budgets, prepare financial reports and statements, and help implement long‐term financial goals for their organizations. In this field, firms are not only seeking individuals with advanced degrees but they also want future employees that have past work experience. Industry Certification The Institute for the Assessment of Skills and Knowledge of Business (A*S*K) provides the A*S*K Concepts of Finance Certificate. This certification is based on extensive research of industry practice and formal validation by business practitioners. The A*S*K Concepts of Finance Certificate exam is aligned to the performance indicators defined in the National MBA Curriculum Standards. Assessment Students in the Finance and Accounting pathway will be assessed using the Business Fundamentals MS-CPAS2 when they complete year one of the program and they will be assessed using the Finance and Accounting MS- CPAS2 when they complete year two of the program. If there are questions regarding assessment of this program, please contact the business instructional design specialist at the Research and Curriculum Unit at 662.325.2510. Licensure Requirements The 952 licensure endorsement is needed to teach the Finance and Accounting program. The requirements for the 952 licensure endorsement are listed below: 1. Applicant must hold a current 5-year standard teaching license in one of the following subject areas: 105 Business Education, 318 Marketing, 192 Social Studies, 193 Economics. 2. Applicant must validate technology competency by attaining he established minimum score or higher on an assessment approved by the Mississippi Department of Education (MDE). The assessment must be directly related to technology competency required by the grade level and subject matter being taught. Approved assessments for this license are IC3, Propulse, or other specific assessment created by third- party vendors, authorized by the Local Education Agency (LEA) and approved by the MDE. 3. Enroll immediately in the Vocational Instructor Preparation (VIP) program or the College and Career Readiness Education Program (CCREP). 4. Complete the individualized Professional Development Plan (PDP) requirements of the VIP or CCREP prior to the expiration date of the 3-year vocational license. 5. Applicant must successfully complete a Certification for an online learning workshop, module, or course that is approved by the MDE. 6. Applicant must successfully complete the Master Teacher of Economics program as approved by the MDE. 7. Applicant must successfully complete the Finance and Accounting Certification workshop, module, or course that is approved by the MDE. Note: If the applicant meets all requirements listed above, that applicant will be issued an endorsement supplemental to their existing five-year license. If the applicant does not meet all requirements, the applicant will be issued an emergency endorsement, and all requirements for the supplemental endorsement must be satisfied prior to the renewal date of the standard license. Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 7 of 103 The following articulation plan for the Finance and Accounting Pathway is pending approval from MCCB. High School Program Community College Programs Community College Course Finance and Accounting (52.0304 Accounting and Finance) Office Systems Technology (Program CIP - Office Systems Technology: 52.0401 - Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science) Accounting Technology (Program CIP - Accounting Technology: 52.0302 - Accounting Technology/Technician and Bookkeeping) Microcomputer Technology (Program CIP - Microcomputer Technology: 52.0407 - Business/Office Automation/Technology/Data Entry) Health-care Data Technology (Program CIP – Health-care Data Technology: 51.0799 - Health and Medical Administrative Services, Other) BOT 1313 - Applied Business Math BOT 1433 - Business Accounting Banking and Finance Technology (Program CIP: 52.0803 – Banking and Financial Support Services) BFT 1513 - Banking and Finance Math BFT 1213 - Principles of Banking Court Reporting Technology (Program CIP: 22.0303 – Court Reporting/Court Reporter) BOT 1313 - Applied Business Math Student Prerequisites In order for students to be able to experience success in the Finance and Accounting program, the following student prerequisites are in place: 1. C or higher in English (the previous year) 2. C or higher in Pre-Algebra 3. Instructor approval or 1. TABE Reading Score (Eighth grade or higher) or 1. Instructor approval Professional Learning The professional learning itinerary for the middle school or individual pathways can be found at http://www.rcu.msstate.edu/. If you have specific questions about the content of each training session provided, please contact the Research and Curriculum Unit at 662.325.2510, and ask for the Professional Learning Specialist. Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 8 of 103 Course Outlines Option 1—Four One-Carnegie-Unit Courses Course Description: Business Fundamentals I (One-Carnegie-Unit) Course Code: 992301 This course begins with an introduction to business fundaments, communication and interpersonal skills, and professional development for continued education, training, and careers in business management. Major topics of study in this course are business and economics. Participation in DECA (student organization) is ongoing. Students will develop skills toward meeting requirements for the Microsoft Project Skill Standards for Microsoft Office Specialist Certification. Course Description: Business Fundamentals II (One-Carnegie-Unit) Course Code: 992302 This course begins with an introduction to business fundamentals. Major topics in this course include economics, business, management, entrepreneurship, business law, and personal finance. Participation in DECA (student organization) is ongoing. Students will develop skills toward meeting requirements for the Microsoft Project Skill Standards for Microsoft Office Specialist Certification. Upon the completion of Business Fundamentals I and II, students will earn 1/2 Personal Finance credit and 1/2 Economics credit that can be used to satisfy graduation requirements. The Business Fundamentals Course can be downloaded from http://info.rcu.msstate.edu/services/curriculum.asp?p=/Curricula/Career_Pathways/. Course Description: Business Finance (One-Carnegie-Unit) Course Code: 992001 The purpose of this course is to introduce the techniques of financial analysis with an emphasis on corporate finance. The concepts developed in this course form the foundation for subsequent business courses at the postsecondary level. The main topics covered include the time value of money and the net present value rule, capital budgeting decisions, uncertainty and the tradeoff between risk and return, and corporate financing and dividend policy decisions. Course Description: Accounting Fundamentals (One-Carnegie-Unit) Course Code: 992002 This course introduces students to the fundamental principles and procedures of accounting. Students will develop financial analysis and decision-making skills that will assist them in future studies and/or career opportunities in business. Students will acquire an understanding of how accounting is used in business operations, as well as how accounting and accounting reports are used by managers, investors and other business stakeholders in their decision making processes. Spreadsheets and accounting software are utilized. Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 9 of 103 Business Fundamentals I (1 Carnegie Unit) Course Code: 992301 Unit Unit Name Hours Introduction to Business Communication and Interpersonal Skills Professional Development Economics Total Business Fundamentals II (1 Carnegie Unit) Course Code: 992302 Unit Unit Name Hours Business, Management, and Entrepreneurship Business Law Personal Finance Total Business Finance (One-Carnegie-Unit) Course Code: 992001 Unit Unit Name Hours Professional Development in Business Finance Financial Analysis Risk Management Banking and Finance International Finance Total Accounting Fundamentals (One-Carnegie-Unit) Course Code: 992002 Unit Unit Name Hours The Accounting Profession Accounting Principles Total Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 10 of 103 Option 2—Two Two-Carnegie-Unit Courses Course Description: Business Fundamentals (Two-Carnegie-Units) Course Code: 992300 This year long course begins with an introduction to business and marketing fundaments, communication and interpersonal skills, and professional development for continued education, training, and careers in business management. Major topics of study in this course are economics, business, management, and entrepreneurship, business law, and personal finance. Participation in DECA (student organization) is ongoing. Students will develop skills toward meeting requirements for the Microsoft Project Skill Standards for Microsoft Office Specialist Certification. The Business Fundamentals Course can be downloaded from http://www.rcu.msstate.edu/Curriculum/CurriculumDownload.aspx. Course Description: Finance and Accounting (Two-Carnegie-Units) Course Code: 992000 The purpose of this course is to introduce the fundamentals of financial analysis and accounting principles and procedures in a business setting. Students will develop financial analysis and decision-making skills that will assist them in future studies and/or career opportunities in business. The finance topics covered include the time value of money and the net present value rule, capital budgeting decisions, uncertainty and the tradeoff between risk and return, and corporate financing and dividend policy decisions. Students will acquire an understanding of how accounting is used in business operations, as well as how accounting and accounting reports are used by managers, investors and other business stakeholders in their decision making processes. Spreadsheets and accounting software are utilized. Business Fundamentals (Two-Carnegie-Units) Course Code: 992300 Unit Unit Name Hours Introduction to Business Communication and Interpersonal Skills Professional Development Economics Business, Management, and Entrepreneurship Business Law Personal Finance Total Finance and Accounting (Two-Carnegie-Units) Course Code: 992000 Unit Unit Name Hours Professional Development in Business Finance Financial Analysis Risk Management Banking and Finance International Finance The Accounting Profession Accounting Principles Total Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 11 of 103 Finance and Accounting Research Synopsis Introduction There are a variety of sources that seem to agree that business graduates in accounting and finance will be demanded and paid well in the U.S. Personal financial advisors are among the fastest growing occupations in Mississippi. The occupation is projected to grow 34% by 2019, which is faster than any other occupation in the pathway. Occupations within the Finance and Accounting Pathway are expected to have above average growth in the United States, 19% and in Mississippi, 22 % (EMSI, 2011). Most occupations in finance and accounting require at least a bachelor’s degree. However, job prospects will be best for those with job experience and advanced degrees as firms are increasingly employing individuals with graduate degrees or higher (US Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2009). Needs of the Future Workforce Occupational title Employment, Projected employment, Change 2011–2019 Mean annual wage (in dollars) Number Percent Accountants and auditors 7,415 8,675 1,260 17% $20.68 Personal financial advisors 5,657 7,594 1,937 34% $15.35 Management analysts 4,421 5,493 1,072 24% $20.05 Business operation specialists, all other 3,451 3,841 11% $24.94 Loan officers 3,027 3,573 18% $25.74 Appraisers and assessors of real estate 2,216 2,617 18% $11.15 Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and farm products 2,205 2,622 19% $23.21 Compliance officers, except agriculture, construction, health and safety, and transportation 1,894 2,365 25% $19.64 Employment, recruitment, and placement specialists 1,816 2,343 29% $16.89 Claims adjusters, examiners, and investigators 1,508 1,582 5% $25.85 Source: EMSI Complete Employment – 2nd Quarter 2011 Perkins IV Requirements The Finance and Accounting curriculum meets Perkins IV requirements of high-skill, high-wage, and/or high-demand occupations by introducing students to and preparing students for critical-need occupations. It also offers students a program of study including secondary, postsecondary, and IHL courses that will prepare them for Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 12 of 103 occupations in these fields. Additionally, the Finance and Accounting curriculum is integrated with academic common core standards. Lastly, the Finance and Accounting curriculum focuses on ongoing and meaningful professional development for teachers as well as relationships with industry. Pathway Map http://www.rcu.msstate.edu/Curriculum/CurriculumDownload.aspx Curriculum Content Summary of Standards The standards to be included in the Finance and Accounting curriculum are the Common Core Standards for English Language Arts and Mathematics, 21st Century Skills, the National Educational Technology Standards (NETS) for Students and The National Standards for Business Education. Combining these standards to create this document will result in highly skilled, well-rounded students who are prepared to enter a secondary academic or career and technical program of study. They will also be prepared to academically compete nationally as the Common Core Standards are designed to prep students for success in college and careers. Academic Infusion Suggested learning strategies in the Finance and Accounting curriculum were developed with the Common Core Standards in mind. Skills associated with the language arts are enhanced through research and presentation projects. The finance portion of this curriculum provides several opportunities for focus in mathematics as it requires several calculations and critical thinking. Additionally, analyzing economic data gives students experience interpreting statistics and problem solving. The Common Core Crosswalk for Finance and Accounting in Appendix E shows the alignment the Common Core Standards to each unit. Best Practices Innovative Instructional Technologies The Finance and Accounting curriculum includes teaching strategies that incorporate current technology. Students will conduct research using resources available on the web and use application software to analyze data, write reports, and present information. To make use of the latest online communication tools such as wikis, blogs, and podcasts, the classroom teacher is encouraged to use a learning management system, for example, the Blackboard Content Management System, that introduces students to education in an online environment and places the responsibility of learning on the student. Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 13 of 103 Differentiated Instruction Students learn in a variety of ways. Some are visual learners, needing only to read information and study it to succeed. Others are auditory learners, thriving best when information is read aloud to them. Still others are tactile learners, needing to participate actively in their learning experiences. Add the student’s background, emotional health, and circumstances, and a very unique learner emerges. To address the needs of all learners, the Finance and Accounting curriculum is written to include several instructional methods by using the Understanding by Design (UbD) approach. This method of instructional design leads students to a deeper understanding of course material and provides multiple opportunities for students to succeed in different ways. Many activities are graded by rubrics that allow students to choose the type of product they will produce. By providing various teaching and assessment strategies, students with various learning styles can succeed. Career and Technical Education Student Organizations Both the DECA and Future Business Leaders of America-Phi Beta Lambda (FBLA-PBL) student organizations are appropriate student organizations for students interested in Finance and Accounting. DECA prepares emerging leaders and entrepreneurs in marketing, finance, hospitality and management in high schools and colleges around the globe. FBLA is a business education association that prepares students for careers in business. Conclusions Overall employment of finance and accounting careers is expected to increase faster than average for all occupations over the next several years. The continued globalization of business also will lead to more demand for finance and accounting expertise and services related to international trade and accounting rules and international mergers and acquisitions. An increase in the number of businesses, changing financial laws and corporate governance regulations, and increased accountability for protecting an organization's stakeholders will drive job growth. An increased need for accountants and financial analyst also will arise from a greater emphasis on accountability, transparency, and controls in financial reporting. Increased scrutiny of company finances and accounting procedures will create opportunities for finance and accounting professionals to audit financial records more thoroughly and completely. Management accountants and internal auditors increasingly will be needed to discover and eliminate fraud before audits, and ensure that important processes and procedures are documented accurately and thoroughly. Forensic accountants also will be needed to detect illegal financial activity by Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 14 of 103 individuals, companies, and organized crime rings. A course in finance and accounting will provide students with the foundational skills in accounting and finance that will better prepare for a postsecondary education. Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 15 of 103 Professional Organizations DECA Central High School Bldg, Suite 202A 359 North West Street P.O. Box 771 Jackson, MS 39205 Phone: 601-576-5010 Fax: 601.354.7788 http://www.deca.org/ Future Business Leaders of America (FBLA) Central High School 359 North West Street P.O. Box 771 Jackson, MS 39205-0771 Fax: 601.354.7788 Phone :601.576.5011 http://www.fbla-pbl.org/ Phi Beta Lambda (PBL) 500 Greymont Building, Suite H P.O. Box 771 Jackson, MS 39205-0771 Phone:(601) 576-5011 Fax:(601) 354-7788 http://www.fbla-pbl.org/ Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 16 of 103 Using this Document Unit Number and Title Suggested Time on Task An estimated number of clock hours of instruction that should be required to teach the competencies and objectives of the unit. A minimum of 140 hours of instruction is required for each Carnegie unit credit. The curriculum framework should account for approximately 75–80% of the time in the course. Competencies and Suggested Performance Indicators A competency represents a general concept or performance that students are expected to master as a requirement for satisfactorily completing a unit. Students will be expected to receive instruction on all competencies. The suggested performance indicators represent the enabling and supporting knowledge and performances that will indicate mastery of the competency at the course level. Suggested Teaching Strategies This section of each unit indicates research-based strategies that can be used to enable students to master each competency. Emphasis has been placed on strategies that reflect active learning methodologies. Teachers should feel free to modify or enhance these suggestions based on needs of their students and resources available in order to provide optimum learning experiences for their students. Suggested Assessment Strategies This section indicates research-based strategies that can be used to measure student mastery. Examples of suggested strategies could include rubrics, class participation, reflection, and journaling. Again, teachers should feel free to modify or enhance these suggested assessment strategies based on local needs and resources. Integrated Academic Topics, 21st Century Skills and Information and Communication Technology Literacy Standards, ACT College Readiness Standards, and Technology Standards for Students This section identifies related academic topics as required in the Subject Area Testing Program (SATP) in Algebra I, Biology I, English II, and U.S. History from 1877, which are integrated into the content of the unit. Research-based teaching strategies also incorporate ACT College Readiness standards. This section also identifies the 21st Century Skills and Information and Communication Technology Literacy skills. In addition, national technology standards for students associated with the competencies and suggested objectives for the unit are also identified. References A list of suggested references is provided for each unit. The list includes some of the primary instructional resources that may be used to teach the competencies and suggested objectives. Again, these resources are suggested, and the list may be modified or enhanced based on needs and abilities of students and on available resources. Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 17 of 103 Unit 1: Professional Development in Business Finance Understandings and Goals Enduring Understandings In this unit, the student will: • Understand the important role that career planning plays in determining a career field • Understand that guiding principles, such as legal and ethical behavior, can vary from one career field to another Essential Questions • What information should be researched prior to pursuing a particular career field? • Why do ethical standards vary from one profession to another even though values stay the same? Vocabulary Identify and review the unit vocabulary. Corporate Governance Corporate Responsibility Ethics Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 18 of 103 Suggested Learning Experiences Competency 1: Explore the fundamentals of business finance to build a foundation for employment in business finance. (DOK2, PD) Suggested Performance Indicators Suggested Teaching Strategies Suggested Assessment Strategies a. Describe the nature of business finance. (CCR1, CCR7, CCW2, CCW7, CCW8, CCW9, CCSL1, CCSL2, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, CS9, CS11, CS13, CS15) a. Ask students to research careers in corporate finance and to also assess their personal strengths and weaknesses. The following web sites are great resources: http://www.iseek.org/ http://www.careers-in-finance.com/cf.htm http://www.careerpath.com/career-tests/ http://www.keirsey.com/sorter/instruments2.aspx?par tid=0 Have students start a career awareness portfolio (see Performance Task for this unit) a. Portfolio Rubric b. Explain the role and responsibilities of various careers in business finance (e.g., financial managers, controller, risk manager, treasurer, or chief financial officer). (CCR1, CCR7, CCW2, CCW7, CCW8, CCW9, CCSL1, CCSL2, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, CS9, CS11, CS13, CS15) Competency 2: Acquire knowledge of corporate governance to be aware of restraints under which business finance functions. (DOK3, PD, BL, A7) Suggested Performance Indicators Suggested Teaching Strategies Suggested Assessment Strategies a. Discuss business ethics for business finance. (CCR1, CCR7, CCW2, CCW7, CCW8, CCW9, CCSL1, CCSL2, CS1, CS3, CS6, CS8, CS9, CS11, CS13, CS14, CS16, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6) a. Explain that corporate responsibility has a huge impact not only on the local community, but also on the world. Its affects are social, economic and environmental. Bad and good corporate responsibility has effects that reach from the worker in the third world country to the air that we breathe. Divide students into groups and have them use the Internet to research how some corporations address corporate responsibility. a. Teacher observation of student participation in Discussions and activities. b. Discuss corporate responsibility issues in business finance. (CCR1, CCR7, CCW2, CCW7, CCW8, CCW9, CCSL1, CCSL2, CS1, CS3, CS6, CS8, CS9, CS11, CS13, CS14, CS16, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6) Competency 3: Explain professional designations in the field of business finance (e.g. CF, CFA, CCM, CTP, CFM, etc.). (DOK2, PD) Suggested Performance Indicators Suggested Teaching Strategies Suggested Assessment Strategies a. Explain professional designations in the field of business finance (e.g. a. Discuss the significance of professional designations. Ask students to research finance certifications and a. Teacher observation of student participation in Discussions and activities. Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 19 of 103 CF, CFA, CCM, CTP, CFM, etc.) (CCR1, CCR7, CCW2, CCW7, CCW8, CCW9, CCSL1, CCSL2) T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, CS7, CS9, determine the impact the certification would have on a career. Performance Task Electronic Career Portfolio In this unit you had the opportunity to assess your personal traits and strengths, as well as explore careers for which you are suited. You are going to compile this information in an Electronic Career Portfolio (ECP) that you can present to potential employers and college admission staff. Employers and college admissions staff will use your portfolio to judge your academic ability, maturity, and motivation. The portfolio should display samples of your work, achievements, and accomplishments that you would refer to in an interview. Instructions for completing the portfolio are provided in the Electronic Career Portfolio Guidelines. You be evaluated on the accuracy and thoroughness of your resume and career research and the inclusion of relative sample materials. Attachments for Performance Task Electronic Career Portfolio Guidelines in Appendix A Electronic Career Portfolio Rubric in Appendix A Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 20 of 103 Unit Resources Books: Kelly-Plate, J and Volz-Patton, R (2007). Exploring Careers. Woodland Hills, CA: Glencoe/McGraw-Hill. Web sites: Careerpath.com http://www.careerpath.com/career-tests/ Careers-in-Finance.com - http://www.careers-in-finance.com/cf.htm iSeek.org - http://www.iseek.org/ Kearsey - http://www.keirsey.com/sorter/instruments2.aspx?partid=0 Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 21 of 103 Unit 2: Financial Analysis Understandings and Goals Enduring Understandings In this unit, the student will: • Understand the role analysis plays in the decision making process • Understand the importance of maintaining accurate records Essential Questions • How can analysis be used in the decision making process to reduce the impact of uncertainty? • Is an inaccurate budget better than no budget at all? Vocabulary Identify and review the unit vocabulary. Balance Sheet Basis points Benchmark Company Bond rating Budget Discrepancies Capital Budget Cash Flow Statement Common Stock Cost of Capital Cost of Debt Cost of Equity Coupon Rate Current Yield Debenture Bond Dividend Bond Rating Financial Budget Financial Leverage Financial Ratios Income Statement Internal Rate of Return (IRR) Investment Banker Mortgage Bond Net Present Value (NPR) Operating Budget Operating Income Payback Method Preferred Stock Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 22 of 103 Primary Market Ratio Analysis Secondary Market Trend Analysis Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 23 of 103 Suggested Learning Experiences Competency 1: Describe the financial management tools used for financial analysis and decision making. (DOK4, FA, A2, A3, A6) Suggested Performance Indicators Suggested Teaching Strategies Suggested Assessment Strategies a. Discuss the analysis of a company's financial situation using its financial statements. (CCR3, CCR10, CCW2, CCW3, CCW4, CCW7, CCSL4, CCSL5, CCL1, CCL2, CCM3, CCM15, CCM16, CCM45, CCM46, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, CS8, CS9, CS10, CS11, CS13, CS14) a. Discuss how the balance sheet, income statement, cash flow statement are used to analyze a company’s financial situation. Divide students into three groups. Assign each group one of the financial statements. Have students use the Internet and other classroom resources to research their statement and prepare a 5 minute lesson to teach other students about their statement. Students should prepare at least 3 slides for their presentation and a 2 question quiz to give to the class at the end of their presentation. a. Presentation Rubric b. Discuss the use of financial ratios in business finance. (CCR3, CCR10, CCW2, CCW3, CCW4, CCW7, CCSL4, CCSL5, CCL1, CCL2, CCM3, CCM15, CCM16, CCM45, CCM46,T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, CS7, CS9, C13, C15) b. Discuss how financial ratios are used to compare a company’s performance with other companies and industry norms and how benchmarks are established. Have students complete the Categories of Financial Ratios activity in Appendix A b. Project Rubric c. Determine business liquidity. (CCR3, CCR10, CCW2, CCW3, CCW4, CCW7, CCSL4, CCSL5, CCL1, CCL2, CCM3, CCM15, CCM16, CCM45, CCM46,T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, CS7, CS9, C13, C15) d. Calculate asset management ratios. (CCR3, CCR10, CCW2, CCW3, CCW4, CCW7, CCSL4, CCSL5, CCL1, CCL2, CCM3, CCM15, CCM16, CCM45, CCM46,T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, CS7, CS9, C13, C15) e. Calculate corporate debt ratios. (CCR3, CCR10, CCW2, CCW3, CCW4, CCW7, CCSL4, CCSL5, CCL1, CCL2, CCM3, CCM15, CCM16, CCM45, CCM46,T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, CS7, CS9, C13, C15) f. Calculate business profitability. (CCR3, CCR10, CCW2, CCW3, CCW4, CCW7, CCSL4, CCSL5, CCL1, CCL2, CCM3, CCM15, CCM16, CCM45, CCM46,T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, CS7, CS9, C13, C15) g. Calculate market ratios. (CCR3, CCR10, CCW2, Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 24 of 103 CCW3, CCW4, CCW7, CCSL4, CCSL5, CCL1, CCL2, CCM3, CCM15, CCM16, CCM45, CCM46,T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, CS7, CS9, C13, C15) h. Discuss the use of benchmarks when analyzing ratios. (CCR3, CCR10, CCW2, CCW3, CCW4, CCW7, CCSL4, CCSL5, CCL1, CCL2, CCM3, CCM15, CCM16, CCM45, CCM46,T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, CS7, CS9, C13, C15) Competency 2: Understand the concept of financial budgets. (DOK3, FA, A2, A3, A6 ) Suggested Performance Indicators Suggested Teaching Strategies Suggested Assessment Strategies a. Explain the purpose of financial budgets. (CCR3, CCR10, CCW2, CCW3, CCW4, CCW7, CCSL4, CCSL5, CCL1, CCL2, CCM3, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, CS2, CS6, CS7, CS8, CS13, CS14) a. Explain how each type of financial budget is used in financial planning and the process for preparing financial budgets. Ask students to debate whether it’s better to have an inaccurate budget or no budget at all. Have students outline the steps in budget preparation in their notes and write a description of each step to help them remember. a. Teacher observation of student participation in Discussions and activities. b. Recognize the types of financial budgets. (CCR3, CCR10, CCW2, CCW3, CCW4, CCW7, CCSL4, CCSL5, CCL1, CCL2, CCM3, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, CS2, CS6, CS7, CS8, CS13, CS14) c. Understand the process for developing a financial budget. (CCR3, CCR10, CCW2, CCW3, CCW4, CCW7, CCSL4, CCSL5, CCL1, CCL2, CCM3, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, CS2, CS6, CS7, CS8, CS13, CS14) Competency 3: Understand the capital budgeting process. (DOK3, FA, A2, A3, A6) Suggested Performance Indicators Suggested Teaching Strategies Suggested Assessment Strategies a. Discuss the steps in the capital budgeting process. (CCR3, CCR10, CCW2, CCW3, CCW4, CCW7, CCSL4, CCSL5, CCL1, CCL2, CCM3, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, CS6, CS7, CS8) a. Explain that capital budgeting is a method for choosing capital projects such as equipment and buildings. Describe various activities involved in each step of the capital budgeting process Ask students to name some business goals that might be achieved using capital projects. a. Teacher observation of student participation in Discussions and activities. b. Understand the importance of cash flows in the capital budgeting process. (CCR3, CCR10, CCW2, b. Explain that cash flows are a forecast of income (inflows) and expense items (outflows) for a project and serve as the basis for analyzing the project. Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 25 of 103 CCW3, CCW4, CCW7, CCSL4, CCSL5, CCL1, CCL2, CCM3, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, CS6, CS7, CS8) Have students discuss the effects of overestimating income or expenses for the project. c. Explain factors that affect the cost of capital. (CCR3, CCR10, CCW2, CCW3, CCW4, CCW7, CCSL4, CCSL5, CCL1, CCL2, CCM3, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, CS6, CS7, CS8) c. Explain how debt and risk determine cost of capital. Ask students to identify current events that could be potential risks to a capital project. Competency 4: Conduct cash flow analysis to select an acceptable capital expenditure. (DOK4, FA, A2, A3, A6) Suggested Performance Indicators Suggested Teaching Strategies Suggested Assessment Strategies a. Identify the tools used to analyze capital projects. (CCR3, CCR10, CCW2, CCW3, CCW4, CCW7, CCSL4, CCSL5, CCL1, CCL2, CCM3 T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6) a. Explain how the payback method, net present value (NPR), and internal rate of return (IRR) influence long- term capital project expenditures. Demonstrate how to calculate each method. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Have complete Capital Project Analysis Exercise in Appendix A. a. Project Rubric b. Understand the purpose of the payback method c. Calculate the payback period. (CCR3, CCR10, CCW2, CCW3, CCW4, CCW7, CCSL4, CCSL5, CCL1, CCL2, CCM3 T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, CS6, CS7, CS8) d. Discuss the use of net present value (NPV). (CCR3, CCR10, CCW2, CCW3, CCW4, CCW7, CCSL4, CCSL5, CCL1, CCL2, CCM3 T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, CS6, CS7, CS8) e. Explain the relationship between the internal rate of return and net present value. (CCR3, CCR10, CCW2, CCW3, CCW4, CCW7, CCSL4, CCSL5, CCL1, CCL2, CCM3 T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, CS6, CS7, CS8) f. Calculate the net present value (NPV). (CCR3, CCR10, CCW2, CCW3, CCW4, CCW7, CCSL4, CCSL5, CCL1, CCL2, CCM3 T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, CS6, CS7, CS8) g. Calculate the internal rate of return (IRR). (CCR3, CCR10, CCW2, CCW3, CCW4, CCW7, CCSL4, CCSL5, CCL1, CCL2, CCM3 T1, Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 26 of 103 T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, CS6, CS7, CS8) Competency 5: Understand why various types of debt are necessary for most businesses. (DOK3, FA, A2, A3, A6) Suggested Performance Indicators Suggested Teaching Strategies Suggested Assessment Strategies a. Discuss ways to determine the best financing option for a company. (CCR3, CCR10, CCW2, CCW3, CCW4, CCW7, CCSL4, CCSL5, CCL1, CCL2,T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, CS6, CS7, CS8) a. Explain the difference between short-term and long- term business activities and the financing options for each. Ask students to create situations for short-term and long-term financing options. a. Teacher observation of student participation in discussions and activities. b. Discuss debt financing and the issuance of corporate bonds. (CCR3, CCR10, CCW2, CCW3, CCW4, CCW7, CCSL4, CCSL5, CCL1, CCL2,T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, CS6, CS7, CS8) b. Describe the main types of corporate bonds and the issuing of bonds to finance long-term debt. Explain the cost of long-term debt (market value) and how the cost of long-term debt is determined. Ask students to name factors that could result in the value of a bond being different for companies. c. Discuss the cost of long-term debt. (CCR3, CCR10, CCW2, CCW3, CCW4, CCW7, CCSL4, CCSL5, CCL1, CCL2,T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, CS6, CS7, CS8) d. Determine the cost of long-term debt. (CCR3, CCR10, CCW2, CCW3, CCW4, CCW7, CCSL4, CCSL5, CCL1, CCL2,T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, CS6, CS7, CS8) e. Discuss equity financing the issuance of stock from a corporation. (CCR3, CCR10, CCW2, CCW3, CCW4, CCW7, CCSL4, CCSL5, CCL1, CCL2,T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, CS6, CS7, CS8) e. Describe the types of capital stock sold by corporations and explain the process for issuing stock. Explain the main differences between common and preferred stock. f. Understand the difference between common and preferred stock. (CCR3, CCR10, CCW2, CCW3, CCW4, CCW7, CCSL4, CCSL5, CCL1, CCL2,T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, CS6, CS7, CS8) g. Discuss bankruptcy as it applies to corporations. (CCR3, CCR10, CCW2, CCW3, CCW4, CCW7, CCSL4, CCSL5, CCL1, CCL2,T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, CS3, CS6, CS7, CS8, CS9, CS11) g. Discuss what happens when a public company files for protection under the federal bankruptcy laws. Explain the difference between Chapter 11 and Chapter 7 and how filing bankruptcy impacts stocks and bonds. A good source for information on corporate bankruptcy is the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) web site: http://www.sec.gov/investor/pubs/bankrupt.htm Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 27 of 103 Have students search the SEC’s EDGAR database for recent company filings and discuss what they learned. http://www.sec.gov/edgar.shtml http://www.sec.gov/investor/pubs/bankrupt.htm Performance Task Financial Analysis Using Business Ratios Your company is thinking about expanding their operation. Before they move forward with the expansion they need to assess the financial health of the company. The chief financial officer (CFO) of your company has asked you to conduct a financial analysis to determine if your company’s performance is at par or better than other companies in your industry. Using business or financial ratios, assesses your firm's strengths and weaknesses compared to a peer industry and prepare a report for your CFO. You will be evaluated on the organization, quality of information, grammar and spelling, vocabulary, neatness, and timeliness of your report. Attachments for Performance Task Business Ratios in Appendix A Report Rubric in Appendix A Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 28 of 103 Unit Resources Books: Dlabey, L and Burrow, J (2008). Business Finance, Fourth Edition. Mason, OH: Thompson Higher Education. Web sites: CreditGuru.com http://www.creditguru.com/financial.htm Security and Exchange Commission Investor Information http://www.sec.gov/investor/pubs/bankrupt.htm EDGAR Database http://www.sec.gov/edgar.shtml Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 29 of 103 Unit 3: Risk Management Understandings and Goals Enduring Understandings In this unit, the student will: • Understand the concept of chance or probability • Understand that uncontrollable risks cannot be influenced by human action but losses can be reduced through planning and preparation Essential Questions • What is the relationship between risk and opportunity? • How can planning and preparation reduce losses caused by uncontrollable risks? Vocabulary Identify and review the unit vocabulary. Risk Economic Risk Pure Risk Speculative Risk Natural Risk Human Risk Controllable Risk Uncontrollable Risk Risk Management Liability Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 30 of 103 Suggested Learning Experiences Competency 1: Understand how risk management protects a company's well-being (DOK4, FA, RM, A3) Suggested Performance Indicators Suggested Teaching Strategies Suggested Assessment Strategies a. Discuss the relationship between risk management and business finance. (CCR4, CCR5, CCSL1, CCSL2, CCSL3, CCL1, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCL6, CCM3, CCM45, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, CS6, CS7, CS8) a. Define risks and the type of risks faced by individuals and businesses and the primary methods for managing risk. Ask students to explain their understanding of the concept of chance or probability. a. Teacher observation of student participation in discussions and activities. b. Understand the meaning of risk (CCR4, CCR5, CCSL1, CCSL2, CCSL3, CCL1, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCL6, CCM3, CCM45, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6) c. Identify the types of risks faced by businesses (CCR4, CCR5, CCSL1, CCSL2, CCSL3, CCL1, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCL6, CCM3, CCM45, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, CS6, CS7, CS8) d. Explain the nature of interest rate risk (CCR4, CCR5, CCSL1, CCSL2, CCSL3, CCL1, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCL6, CCM3, CCM45, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, CS6, CS7, CS8) e. Explain approaches to financial risk management (CCR4, CCR5, CCSL1, CCSL2, CCSL3, CCL1, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCL6, CCM3, CCM45, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, CS6, CS7, CS8) Performance Task Understanding Types of Risks In this unit you learned how businesses use risk management to reduce losses. As an individual, you can also practice risk management to help you reach your goals. Define your personal goals for three of the following goal categories: Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 31 of 103 Career Financial Educational Health and Fitness Leisure Time Community Involvement Develop a plan that includes deadlines, why these goals are important to you, the potential risks that you may face from the four types of risk (natural, human, controllable, and uncontrollable) and what you can do to avoid or reduce their potential negative impact on your goals. Using presentation software, prepare a 10 minute presentation that you will use to present your plan to the class. You will be evaluated based on the achievability and specificity of your goals, the level of your awareness of rewards and risks associated with your goals, and whether or not your plan for achieving your goals is realistic. Attachments for Performance Task Goal Setting Guidelines in Appendix A Goal Setting Evaluation Rubric in Appendix A Goal Setting Worksheet in Appendix A Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 32 of 103 Unit Resources Books: Dlabey, L and Burrow, J (2008). Business Finance, Fourth Edition. Mason, OH: Thompson Higher Education. Goodcharector.com Web sites: Goodcharactor.com http://www.goodcharacter.com/index.html Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 33 of 103 Unit 4: Banking and Finance Understandings and Goals Enduring Understandings In this unit, the student will: • Understand that the American Banking System contributes to the stability of our economy. • Understand the relationship between ethics and compliance. Essential Questions • Why is it important for the American Banking System to remain stable for our economy? • What is the difference between compliance based and integrity based ethics codes? Vocabulary Identify and review the unit vocabulary. Automatic Teller Machines (ATM) Capital Markets Commercial Lending Debit Cards Federal Reserve System Lock Box Money Markets Open Market Operations Safe-deposit Box Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 34 of 103 Suggested Learning Experiences Competency 1: Explain the fundamentals of bank functions and operations. (DOK3, FA, A3) Suggested Performance Indicators Suggested Teaching Strategies Suggested Assessment Strategies a. Describe the three major functions of the commercial bank (deposit, credit, and payments) and know the essential interrelationship of the three. (CCR4, CCR7, CCW1, CCW2, CCW4, CCW7, CCW8, CCW9, CCSL4, CCSL5, CCL1, CCL2, CCL4T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, CS9, CS11) a. Explain the meaning of commercial banking in comparison to personal banking. Give the class an overview of the three major functions of the commercial bank and how they interrelate. Have students write a brief summary of their findings on the information available from the Small Business Association http://www.sba.gov/ to assist companies. a. Report Rubric b. Describe the bank’s relationship to the community and its dual desire to make a profit and provide valuable services to the community. (CCR4, CCR7, CCW1, CCW2, CCW4, CCW7, CCW8, CCW9, CCSL4, CCSL5, CCL1, CCL2, CCL4T1, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, CS6, CS7, CS8, CS9, CS11) b. Explain that a bank is a business that sells services such as savings accounts, loans, and investments. Discuss why banks are regulated more strictly than most other businesses. Have students create a timeline showing how banking has evolved over the past hundred years. b. Project Rubric c. Explain the relationship among banks, the Federal Reserve System, the state banking departments, and the Comptroller of the Currency and other regulatory bodies having to do with financial institutions. (CCR4, CCR7, CCW1, CCW2, CCW4, CCW7, CCW8, CCW9, CCSL4, CCSL5, CCL1, CCL2, CCL4T1, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, CS6, CS7, CS8, CS9, CS11) c. Point out economic conditions that resulted in the creation of the Federal Reserve System. Present an overview of the Federal Reserve Systems and the relationship between district reserve banks and member banks of the Federal Reserve System. Have students locate a map showing the locations of the Federal Reserve Banks in the U. S. http://www.federalreserve.gov/otherfrb.htm and ask them to describe how they are distributed across the country. Ask students to create a diagram to communicate the Federal Reserve actions to influence the money supply. c. Teacher observation of student participation in discussions and activities. Project Rubric Competency 2: Understand government regulations pertaining to the finance industry to protect the financial services well-being. (DOK3, FA, BL, A3, A7) Suggested Performance Indicators Suggested Teaching Strategies Suggested Assessment Strategies Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 35 of 103 a. Explain federal legislation impacting the finance industry (e.g., Gramm–Leach–Blilley Act, Sarbanes–Oxley Act, Uniform Commercial Code, etc.). (CCR4, CCR7, CCW1, CCW2, CCW4, CCW7, CCW8, CCW9, CCSL4, CCSL5, CCL1, CCL2, CCL4, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, CS7, CS8, CS16) a. Discuss events that led government to pass legislation to regulate the finance industry. Ask students to discuss the importance of consumers having confidence in corporate finance and accounting practices. a. Teacher observation of student participation in discussions and activities. b. Discuss the impact of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Division of Corporation Finance on business finance. (CCR4, CCR7, CCW1, CCW2, CCW4, CCW7, CCW8, CCW9, CCSL4, CCSL5, CCL1, CCL2, CCL4, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, CS7, CS8, CS16) b. Discuss the role the SEC plays in corporate finance. Have students explore the Frequently Requested Materials section of the SEC web site. http://www.sec.gov/divisions/corpfin.shtml and discuss their findings. b. Teacher observation of student participation in discussions and activities. Competency 3: Acquire a foundational knowledge of finance and compliance to understand its nature and scope. (DOK3, FA, BL, A3, A7) Suggested Performance Indicators Suggested Teaching Strategies Suggested Assessment Strategies a. Discuss the nature and scope of compliance in the finance industry. (CCR4, CCR7, CCW1, CCW2, CCW4, CCW7, CCW8, CCW9, CCSL4, CCSL5, CCL1, CCL2, CCL4, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, CS7, CS8, CS16) a. Explain business’s responsibility to know, comply with, and enforce laws and regulations that affect financial business operations and transactions. Ask students to discuss the difference between compliance based and integrity based ethics codes? a. Teacher observation of student participation in discussions and activities. b. Explain the role of ethics in banking compliance. (CCR4, CCR7, CCW1, CCW2, CCW4, CCW7, CCW8, CCW9, CCSL4, CCSL5, CCL1, CCL2, CCL4, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6 CS7, CS8, CS16) c. Discuss trends in the current financial environment (i.e., consolidation, regulatory burden, role of technology, and globalization). (CCR4, CCR7, CCW1, CCW2, CCW4, CCW7, CCW8, CCW9, CCSL4, CCSL5, CCL1, CCL2, CCL4, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6 CS7, CS8) c. Explain how various factors have influenced changes in the competitive environment of financial institutions. Using the Cause and Effect diagram in Appendix A, have students to show the effects of globalization and technology on banking and the causes of consolidation and regulatory burden. d. Discuss the use of technology in compliance (e.g., Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 36 of 103 Electronic Transfer System). (CCR4, CCR7, CCW1, CCW2, CCW4, CCW7, CCW8, CCW9, CCSL4, CCSL5, CCL1, CCL2, CCL4, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6 CS7, CS8) Competency 4: Understand financial markets to recognize their importance in business. (DOK3, FA, RM, A3) Suggested Performance Indicators Suggested Teaching Strategies Suggested Assessment Strategies a. Describe the role of financial institutions. (CCR4, CCR7, CCW1, CCW2, CCW4, CCW7, CCW8, CCW9, CCSL4, CCSL5, CCL1, CCL2, CCL4, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, CS6, CS7, CS8) a. Discuss purpose and general structure of financial markets and the major types of financial markets. Ask students to explain why people are willing to borrow money instead of waiting to earn the money they need. a. Teacher observation of student participation in discussions and activities. b. Explain types of financial markets (i.e., money markets and securities market). (CCR4, CCR7, CCW1, CCW2, CCW4, CCW7, CCW8, CCW9, CCSL4, CCSL5, CCL1, CCL2, CCL4, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, CS6, CS7, CS8) Performance Task Corporate Ethics--An Oxymoron? You have been given the task of writing an effective code of ethics for your organization. First you are going to research a brief history of American business; investigate several major business scandals and document commonalities and differences among them. When you complete your research, write a set of ethical guidelines or code of ethics that might serve to prevent at least some future breaches of business ethics. You will be evaluated based on your ability to articulate the values and beliefs that your code of ethics is aiming to uphold and your understanding of the purpose and application of a code of ethics. Attachments for Performance Task Corporate Ethics--An Oxymoron? In Appendix A. Code of Ethics Rubric in Appendix A Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 37 of 103 Unit Resources Books: Dlabey, L and Burrow, J (2008). Business Finance, Fourth Edition. Mason, OH: Thompson Higher Education. Web sites: Advameg, Inc. (2011). Timeline of American Business. Retrieved December 9, 2011, from Reference for Business: http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/businesses/A-F/Timeline-of-American-Business.html#b Corporate Ethics. (2011). Company Search. Retrieved December 2011, from Corp-Ethics: http://www.corp- ethics.com/company_search.php Davies, R. (2011, September 19). Classic Financial and Corporate Scandals. Retrieved December 9, 2011, from University of Exeter: http://projects.exeter.ac.uk/RDavies/arian/scandals/classic.html International Federation of Accountants. (2010, April). 2010 Handbook of the Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants. Retrieved December 9, 2011, from International Federation of Accountants: http://www.ifac.org/sites/default/files/publications/files/2010-handbook-of-the-code-o.pdf Keith, T. (2009, December 31). Decade In Review: Corporate Scoundrels And Scandals. Retrieved December 9, 2011, from NPR: http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=122083807 Lehrer, J. (2002). Corporate Ethics. Retrieved December 9, 2011, from PBS: http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/business/ethics/ Maxfield, M. (2009). Corporate Ethics--An Oxymoron? Retrieved October 25, 2011, from National First Ladies' Library: http://www.firstladies.org/curriculum/curriculum.aspx?Curriculum=1850 Poyzner, M. (2011). USA, Business Timeline . Retrieved December 9, 2011, from World News Atlas: http://www.mapreport.com/subtopics/b/countries/usa.html The Annenberg Foundation. (2011). U. S. Economic Timeline. Retrieved December 9, 2011, from Economics U$A: 21st Century Edition: http://www.learner.org/series/econusa/interactivelabs/economic-timeline/ U.S. Small Business Administration. (2011). Home. Retrieved October 25, 2011, from U. S. Small Business Administration: http://www.sba.gov/ Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 38 of 103 Unit 5:International Finance Understandings and Goals Enduring Understandings In this unit, the student will: • Understand how foreign exchange rates affect companies engaged in international business • Be able to identify risks associated with international trade Essential Questions • Why does the value of currency vary from country to country? • What financial risks are associated with international business? Vocabulary Identify and review the unit vocabulary. Currency Option Exchange Controls Exchange Rate Floating Exchange Rate Foreign Exchange Foreign Exchange Market Hard Currency Interest Rate International Monetary Fund (IMF) Micro Country Risks Soft Currency World Bank Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 39 of 103 Suggested Learning Experiences Competency 1: Explain the Role, Importance, and Concepts of International Finance and Risk Management. (DOK3, FA, RM, A2, A3, A6) Suggested Performance Indicators Suggested Teaching Strategies Suggested Assessment Strategies a. Explain the role of money and currency systems in international business. (CCR6, CCR7, CCR9, CCW2, CCW3, CCW5, CCW7, CCW8, CCW9, CCW10, CCSL1, CCSL2, CCSL3, CCSL4, CCSL6, CCL1, CCL2, CCL5, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, CS1, CS2, CS9, CS11, CS13, CS15) a. Discuss the three main purposes that money serves. Have students complete the activity Identifying the Function of Money in Appendix A a. Project Rubric b. Explain factors that affect the value of currency. (CCR6, CCR7, CCR9, CCW2, CCW3, CCW5, CCW7, CCW8, CCW9, CCW10, CCSL1, CCSL2, CCSL3, CCSL4, CCSL6, CCL1, CCL2, CCL5, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, CS1, CS2, CS9, CS11, CS13, CS15) b. Discuss factors that affect the value of currency. Have students complete the activity Analyzing Factors Affecting Foreign Exchange in Appendix A c. Identify risks associated with international trade. (CCR6, CCR7, CCR9, CCW2, CCW3, CCW5, CCW7, CCW8, CCW9, CCW10, CCSL1, CCSL2, CCSL3, CCSL4, CCSL6, CCL1, CCL2, CCL5, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, CS1, CS2, CS9, CS11, CS13, CS15) c. Have students complete the activity Analyzing International Business Risks Performance Task Assessing the Risk of Foreign Investment Your company is trying to determine if it is cost effective for them to purchase materials from some foreign suppliers. As the financial analyst, you have been asked to research the economic, political, and social risks associated with doing business in each country and submit a report to the CFO. Use the following guidelines to create your report: 1. Select three countries to research. 2. Use spreadsheet software for the data tables and charts that you’ll use to back up your findings. 3. Use word processing software to write the report (be sure to incorporate the charts and data tables you created in your spreadsheet and to cite sources). Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 40 of 103 4. Your report should have an Economic, Political, and Social section for each country and a Summary section with your recommendations. Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 41 of 103 5. The following web sites are good sources of information for your research: a. The International Monetary Fund web site http://www.imf.org b. xe.com Universal Currency Converter http://www.xe.com/ict/ c. The World Trade Organization http://www.wto.org/ You will be evaluated on the organization, quality of information, grammar and spelling, vocabulary, neatness, and timeliness of your report. Attachments for Performance Task Report Rubric in Appendix A. Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 42 of 103 Unit Resources Books: Dlabey, L and Scott, J (2008). International Business, Fourth Edition. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. Web sites: Aneki – country records and ratings http://www.aneki.com/ California Subject Examination for Teachers. (2005). Business Subject Matter Requirements Part I: Content Domains for Subject Matter Understanding and Skill in Business http://www.cset.nesinc.com/PDFs/CS_business_SMR.pdf Connecticut Department of Education. Business and Finance Technology Education Frameworks 2009 International Business http://www.sde.ct.gov/sde/cwp/view.asp?A=2678&Q=320804 EconEdLink, How Global is Your Portfolio - This engaging lesson challenges students to connect economics and geography as they investigate global companies in the stock market http://www.econedlink.org/lessons/index.php?lid=918&type=educator. Global Edge http://globaledge.msu.edu/ - Created by the International Business Center at Michigan State University (IBC), globalEDGE™ is an international business web-portal with a wealth of information, insights, and learning resources on global business activities. Kwintessential. http://www.kwintessential.co.uk/resources/country-profiles.html Mississippi World Trade Center http://www.mswtc.org/ National Business Education Association Curriculum Forum http://nbea.org/newsite/curriculum/index.html United Nations Millennium Development Goals Indicators http://unstats.un.org/unsd/mdg/Data.aspx World Bank. http://www.worldbank.org/ Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 43 of 103 Unit 6: The Accounting Profession Understandings and Goals Enduring Understandings In this unit, the student will: • Understand that business activities can have an impact on society • Understand the importance of seeking opportunities to develop skills and expertise Essential Questions • Is profitability ever more important than social responsibility? • What are the advantages to having a professional designation? Vocabulary Identify and review the unit vocabulary. Bureau of Labor Statistics Responsibility Accounting Social Responsibility Stakeholder Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 44 of 103 Suggested Learning Experiences Competency 1: Understand the role that accountants play in business and society. (DOK2, A1) Suggested Performance Indicators Suggested Teaching Strategies Suggested Assessment Strategies a. Describe social responsibility in accounting. (CCR1, CCR3, CCR7, CCR10, CCW2, CCW4, CCW7, CCW9, CCSL6, CCL1, CCL2, CCL4, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, CS1, CS2, CS3, CS7) a. Explain that social responsibility in accounting is aimed at enhancing corporate accountability and transparency to a wide range of external stakeholders, addressing the social, environmental and ethical concerns and values of individuals upon whom a business has a non-economic impact. Have students complete the Social Accounting activity in Appendix A. a. Project Rubric b. Discuss responsibility accounting. (CCR1, CCR3, CCR7, CCR10, CCW2, CCW4, CCW7, CCW9, CCSL6, CCL1, CCL2, CCL4, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, CS1, CS2, CS3, CS7) Competency 2: Describe career opportunities in the accounting profession. (DOK2, A1, PD) Suggested Performance Indicators Suggested Teaching Strategies Suggested Assessment Strategies a. Discuss professional designations for accountants (e.g., CPA, CMA, ABA, etc.). (CCR1, CCR3, CCR7, CCR10, CCW2, CCW4, CCW7, CCW9, CCSL6, CCL1, CCL2, CCL4, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, CS6, CS7, CS8, CS9, CS11) a. Have students research the various professional designations for accountants and write a summary that includes the length of the exam, the cost of the exam, the pass/fail rate, and the advantages of having the professional designation. a. Report Rubric b. Discuss the role and responsibilities of the various careers in accounting. (CCR1, CCR3, CCR7, CCR10, CCW2, CCW4, CCW7, CCW9, CCSL6, CCL1, CCL2, CCL4, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, CS6, CS7, CS8, CS9, CS11) b. Discuss salary ranges, education and membership associations for various accounting professions. b. Teacher observation of student participation in discussions and activities. Performance Task Exploration of Careers in Accounting Your school is having a job fair and recruiters from several accounting firms will be attending. Several students will be attending the fair and you want to make a good impression on the recruiters so you will stand out among your peers. Your plan is to have a conversation about the accounting profession with each recruiter. Go to the Bureau of Labor Statistics web site http://www.bls.gov/oco/pdf/ocos001.pdf and research the four major fields in accounting. Research the job duties, required education, salary ranges, and future job outlook for each. Organize Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 45 of 103 your findings in a chart. Write a few sentences about the necessary skills for all accounting professions and which ones for which you are best suited and why. You will be evaluated on the organization, quality of information, grammar and spelling, vocabulary, neatness, and timeliness of your report. Attachments for Performance Task Report Rubric in Appendix A. Unit Resources Books: Dlabey, L and Burrow, J (2008). Business Finance, Fourth Edition. Mason, OH: Thompson Higher Education. Journals: Idowu, S.O. and Filho, W.L. (eds.), (2009) Professionals’ Perspectives of Corporate Social Responsibility, Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. James, K. (2006, November). Achieving a more diverse profession. The CPA Journal Online. 62–65. Retrieved from http://www.nysscpa.org/cpajournal/2006/1106/essentials/p62.htm. Web sites: Biz/Ed http://www.bized.co.uk/learn/accounting/management/social/index.htm?page=7 Bureau of Labor Statistics http://www.bls.gov/oco/pdf/ocos001.pdf Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 46 of 103 Unit 7: Accounting Principles Understandings and Goals Enduring Understandings In this unit, the student will: • Understand why some occupations are required to have standard procedures Essential Questions • Why is it important for businesses to follow basic accounting procedures? Vocabulary Identify and review the unit vocabulary. Accounting Accounting Equation Accounts Payable Accounts Receivable Asset Balance Sheet Bank Reconciliation Bookkeeping Chart of Accounts Closing the Books/Year End Closing Credit Debit Depreciation Equity Financial Accounting Financial Statement Fixed Asset General Ledger Income Statement Inventory Inventory Valuation Invoice Journal Liability Net Income Payroll Posting Reconciliation Retained Earnings Revenue Shareholder Equity Statement of Accounts Supplies Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 47 of 103 Suggested Learning Experiences Competency 1: Demonstrate basic accounting procedures. (DOK4, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, FA) Suggested Performance Indicators Suggested Teaching Strategies Suggested Assessment Strategies a. Analyze business transactions in terms of the accounting equation. (CCR3, CCR7, CCR9, CCW2, CCW3, CCW7, CCW8, CCW9, CCSL1, CCSL4, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCM3, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, CS6, CS7, CS8) a. Write accounting equation on the board and show how changes on one side can affect the other side. Have students list examples of assets and liabilities and explain how they relate to the accounting equation. Students will create a chart listing the major accounting differences between the three forms of business ownership. a. Teacher observation of student participation in discussions and activities. Project Rubric b. Determine the effects of business operations on owner’s equity (stockholder’s equity) using the basic accounting equation. (CCR3, CCR7, CCR9, CCW2, CCW3, CCW7, CCW8, CCW9, CCSL1, CCSL4, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCM3, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, CS6, CS7, CS9) c. Analyze the flow of financial data, using the basic accounting cycle. (CCR3, CCR7, CCR9, CCW2, CCW3, CCW7, CCW8, CCW9, CCSL1, CCSL4, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCM3, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, CS6, CS7, CS8, CS9) c. Set up T-accounts on the board and ask students to analyze a list of transactions by answering the following questions: “What accounts are affected, are they increased or decreased, and are they debited or credited?” Have volunteer students write in answers on the board. c. Teacher observation of student participation in discussions and activities. d. Prepare bank reconciliation and journalize entries. (CCR3, CCR7, CCR9, CCW2, CCW3, CCW7, CCW8, CCW9, CCSL1, CCSL4, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCM3, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, CS6, CS7, CS8, CS9) d. Demonstrate how to reconcile a bank statement, letting students supply the numbers needed. Next, ask for two volunteers to complete another bank reconciliation in front of the class, having the remainder of the class check for accuracy. Finally, students will move into groups to complete two additional bank reconciliations (supplied by the teacher) within their groups. d. Teacher observation of student participation in discussions and activities. e. Classify, journalize, and post financial information. (CCR3, CCR7, CCR9, CCW2, CCW3, CCW7, CCW8, CCW9, CCSL1, CCSL4, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCM3, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, CS6, CS7, CS8, CS9) e. After illustrating the proper procedures for posting journal entries to the ledger, students will move into small groups and practice posting procedures. Teacher will encourage peer tutoring within the groups. e. Teacher observation of student participation in discussions and activities. f. Perform end-of-period accounting functions. (CCR3, CCR7, CCR9, CCW2, CCW3, CCW7, CCW8, CCW9, CCSL1, CCSL4, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCM3, T1, T2, T3, f. Review accounting principles needed in journalizing and posting adjusting and closing entries. Review the preparation of a post closing trial balance. Have student complete Accounting Concepts: M & M f. Teacher observation of student participation in discussions and activities. Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 48 of 103 T4, T5, T6, CS6, CS7, CS8, CS9, CS13) Closing Entries in Appendix A. g. Prepare a balance sheet, an income statement, and a statement of owner’s equity (stockholders’ equity). (CCR3, CCR7, CCR9, CCW2, CCW3, CCW7, CCW8, CCW9, CCSL1, CCSL4, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCM3, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, CS6, CS7, CS8, CS9) g. Have students prepare and explain the purpose of each financial statement and describe the way they articulate with each other. Have students play Accounting Monopoly http://www.libec.org/pdf/AccountingMonopoly2.pdf g. Project Rubric h. Maintain accounting records for a sole proprietorship and corporations. (CCR3, CCR7, CCR9, CCW2, CCW3, CCW7, CCW8, CCW9, CCSL1, CCSL4, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCM3, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, CS6, CS7, CS8, CS9, CS13) h. Discuss the subsidiary ledgers and their respective controlling accounts and the purpose for each. Provide problems, have students divide into groups, post to the subsidiary ledgers and controlling accounts, and prepare schedules for both the Accounts Receivable and Payable ledgers. h. Peer Assessment Checklist i. Use accounting software to perform accounting operations for sole proprietors and corporations. (CCR3, CCR7, CCR9, CCW2, CCW3, CCW7, CCW8, CCW9, CCSL1, CCSL4, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCM3, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, CS6, CS7, CS8, CS9, CS11, CS13, CS15) i. Demonstrate the start-up procedures, software access instructions, and file storage rules for automated accounting software and explain the similarity of manually posting a journal to what the computer does when posting is done automatically. Demonstrate how data from the general journal input form is entered, posted, inserted and located. Divide students into groups and have them calculate adjusting entries and enter on input forms. Have students exchange input forms for peer evaluation. Students will move to individual computers for data entry of adjusting entries. Explain and demonstrate how financial statements are selected for display or printing and compare the format to manually prepared financial statements. Illustrate how to perform automated closing procedures. Illustrate how to complete an automated bank reconciliation. Illustrate the procedure used to maintain plant assets and to generate the plant asset list report, and depreciation schedules. Have students will use the Internet to find financial wizard application software that includes various i. Teacher observation of student participation in discussions and activities. Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 49 of 103 depreciation method calculations (Hint: Use “Depreciation” as a search argument) and report their findings. Explain and illustrate how employee maintenance data is recorded onto the input form and the procedures to enter, change, and delete employee data from the payroll file. Illustrate the procedure for generating and posting payroll entries. Report Rubric Teacher observation of student participation in discussions and activities. Performance Task Accounting Cycle Simulation Each fiscal period you perform a series of accounting activities to record the financial information for your company. This information is reported to the company’s CEO and Board of Directors and used to make business decisions for the next fiscal year. Using the appropriate source documents, complete the year’s accounting cycle for your business. You will be evaluated on your understanding of accounting principles and your accuracy in journalizing, posting, and preparing the entire worksheet and financial statements. Resources for Performance Task If you do not have a simulation activity in your teaching materials, use the simulation activities at the following sites: http://www.dwmbeancounter.com/moodle/ http://www.accountinglearner.com/ http://www.cscpa.org/Content/23610.aspx#Rubrics Free accounting software: http://www.dwmbeancounter.com/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?id=9 Use the Accounting Simulation Rubric in Appendix A Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 50 of 103 Unit Resources Books: Gilbertson, C and Lehman, M (2009). Business Finance, Fourth Edition. Independence, KY: South-Western Cengage Learning. Journals: Nelson, I., Vendrzyk, V., Quirin, J. and Kovar, S. (August 2008). Trends in accounting student characteristics: Results from a 15-year longitudinal study at FSA schools. Issues in Accounting Education. 23(3), 373–389. Web sites: Bean Counter's Free Accounting & Bookkeeping Tutorial Site. http://www.dwmbeancounter.com/moodle/ AccountingLearner.com. http://www.accountinglearner.com/ Connecticutt Society of Certified Publ]=ic Accountants. http://www.cscpa.org/Content/23610.aspx#Rubrics Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 51 of 103 Student Competency Profile Student’s Name: ___________________________________________ This record is intended to serve as a method of noting student achievement of the competencies in each unit. It can be duplicated for each student, and it can serve as a cumulative record of competencies achieved in the course. In the blank before each competency, place the date on which the student mastered the competency. Unit 1: Professional Development in Business Finance 1. Explore the fundamentals of business finance to build a foundation for employment in business finance. (DOK2, PD) 2. Acquire knowledge of corporate governance to be aware of restraints under which business finance functions. (DOK3, PD, BL, A7) 3. Explain professional designations in the field of business finance (e.g. CF, CFA, CCM, CTP, CFM, etc.). (DOK2, PD) Unit 2: Financial Analysis 1. Describe the financial management tools used for financial analysis and decision making. (DOK4, FA, A2, A3, A6) 2. Understand the concept of financial budgets. (DOK3, FA, A2, A3, A6 ) 3. Understand the capital budgeting process. (DOK3, FA, A2, A3, A6) 4. Conduct cash flow analysis to select an acceptable capital expenditure. (DOK4, FA, A2, A3, A6) 5. Understand why various types of debt are necessary for most businesses. (DOK3, FA, A2, A3, A6) Unit 3: Risk Management 1. Understand how risk management protects a company's well-being (DOK4, FA, RM, A3) Unit 4: Banking and Finance 1. Explain the fundamentals of bank functions and operations. (DOK3, FA, A3) 2. Understand government regulations pertaining to the finance industry to protect the financial services well-being. (DOK3, FA, BL, A3, A7) 3. Acquire a foundational knowledge of finance and compliance to understand its nature and scope. (DOK3, FA, BL, A3, A7) 4. Understand financial markets to recognize their importance in business. (DOK3, FA, RM, A3) Unit 5: International Finance 1. Explain the Role, Importance, and Concepts of International Finance and Risk Management. (DOK3, FA, RM, A2, A3, A6) Unit 6: The Accounting Profession 1. Understand the role that accountants play in business and society. (DOK2, A1) 2. Describe career opportunities in the accounting profession. (DOK2, A1, PD) Unit 7: Accounting Principles 1. Demonstrate basic accounting procedures. (DOK4, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, FA) Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 52 of 103 Appendix A: Activities and Rubrics Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 53 of 103 Accounting Concepts: M & M Closing Entries Objective: This lesson is a way to teach students the abstract concept of Closing Entries in a more concrete format. Perform the closing entries while simultaneously working with T-accounts on the board. Supplies Needed: • 10 clear cups • 1 pound bag of M & M's Preliminary Work: Prior to the lesson, label the cups and fill with M & M's as follows: Label Number of M & M's Color of M & M's Sales Credit Brown Rent Expense Debit Green Misc. Expense Debit Blue Utilities Expense Debit Orange Income Summary Debit Empty Income Summary Credit Red D.S. Capital Debit Empty D.S. Capital Credit Yellow D.S. Drawing Debit Blue Procedure: Follow the Closing Entry process and illustrate as follows-- Close Sales to Income Summary • Transfer the M&M's from the Sales Credit cup to the Income Summary Credit cup • Show the students the empty Sales Credit cup which is now closed Close each Expense account to Income Summary Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 54 of 103 • Transfer the M&M's from each of the Expense Debit cups to the Income Summary Debit cup • Show the students each of the empty Expense Debit cups which are now closed Close Income Summary to Capital • Explain that the difference between the Income Summary Credit cup and the Income Summary Debit cup is the Net Income which has a credit balance • Put the two Income Summary cups out of sight and bring out the Income Summary Credit cup containing the Net Income • Transfer the M&M's from the Income Summary Credit cup to the D.S., Capital Credit cup on top of the M&M's already in the cup • Show students the empty Income Summary Credit cup which is now closed Close Drawing to Capital • Transfer the M&M's from the D.S., Drawing Debit cup to the D.S., Capital Debit cup • Show the students the empty D.S., Debit cup which is now closed New Capital • Explain that all accounts are closed except for D.S. Capital which is now equal to New Capital (Beginning Capital + Net Income - Drawing) This activity was presented by Dana Simpson West of Northwest High School at MBEA Conference Summer 2000 Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 55 of 103 Accounting Simulation Rubric Unsatisfactory Partially Proficient Proficient Advanced Percent (%) Score Journalizing Business Transactions 25 points Shows little to no understanding of the principles of journalizing accurately in the appropriate journal. (10 points) Shows a basic understanding of the principles of journalizing accurately in the appropriate journal. (15 points) Shows a good understanding of the principles of journalizing accurately in the appropriate journal. (20 points) Shows a well- developed understanding of the principles of journalizing accurately in the appropriate journal. (25 points) Posting 15 points Shows little to no understanding of the principles of posting. (6 points) Shows a basic understanding of the principles of posting. (9 points) Shows a good understanding of the principles of posting. (12 points) Shows a well- developed understanding of the principles of posting. (15 points) Worksheet 10 points There is no worksheet. (0 points) The entire worksheet is not completed. (6 points) The entire worksheet is correctly prepared, with no more than two major errors. (8 points) The entire worksheet is correctly prepared with no major errors. (10 points) Financial Statements 15 points No financial statements are included. (0 points) Some of the Financial Statements are included. More than two errors on those presented. (9 points) All of the Financial Statements are included with no more than two major errors on the complete set. (12 points) All of the financial statements are presented with no major errors. (15 points) Adjusting/Closing Entries 10 points There are no adjusting and closing entries. (0 points) Only adjusting entries are completed. (6 points) Adjusting and closing entries are completed with no more than two errors. (8 points) Adjusting and closing entries are completed with no errors. (10 points) Post-Closing Trial Balance 5 points The post-closing trial balance has not been completed. (0 points) The post-closing trial balance is complete, but does not balance correctly. (2 points) The post-closing trial balance is correct, with no major errors. (4 points) The post-closing trial balance is correct, with no errors. (5 points) Average Score  Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 56 of 103 Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 57 of 103 Analyzing Factors Affecting Foreign Exchange For each of the following international activities, indicate whether the value of the country’s currency would increase or decrease by putting a check mark in the appropriate column. If you cannot determine the effect the activity would have on the currency, put a check mark in the last column. Increase Decrease Unable to Determine A nation imports more than it exports. Interest rates in a country rise. A new president is elected in a country. A nation’s inflation rate drops. The exports for a country increase as a result of technology. The military seizes control of the government and takes over major industries. New tourist attractions and international publicity increase international tourism by over one million people. Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 58 of 103 Analyzing International Business Risks Directions: For each of the following situations, place a check mark in the appropriate column to identify whether the situation is an example of a political risk, social risk, or economic risk. Political Risk Social Risk Economic Risk Changes in consumer spending in a nation due to reduced employment opportunities New business regulations that require all food packages to list the potential dangers of ingredients Religious beliefs in a country that do not allow people to eat certain foods A trade deficit of a nation that reduces the value of its currency Traditions in a country that encourage family members to work for the family business Frequent changes in the government ruling party in a nation Import taxes that discourage buying foreign- made goods Changes in the buying power of a nation's currency Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 59 of 103 Business Ratios Financial analysis using business or financial ratios and norms provides a means of assessing a firm's strengths and weaknesses. Using data from the balance sheet and income statement, you will calculate and compare various ratios to a peer industry. To perform ratio analysis: 1. Decide what type of industry you want ABC Company to be (use an industry type from the Industry Ratios table). 2. Use ABC Company’s balance sheet and income statement and calculate the following ratios: a. Ratio b. Current Ratio c. Quick Ratio d. Debt Ratio (Debt to Equity) e. Inventory Turnover (Sales to Inventory) f. Accounts Receivable Turnover (using total sales) g. Profit Margin on Sales Industry Current Ratio Quick Ratio Debt to Equity Sales to Inventory Accounts Receivable Turnover Profit Margin % ABC Company Peer Industry 3. Compare the ABC Company’s financial performance to the industry in the Industry Ratio table and determine a benchmark for your company. 4. List individual companies within your industry that could be compared to ABC Company. Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 60 of 103 ABC Company Balance Sheet For the year ending December 31, 20xx Assets $$ % Current Assets Cash 12,000 6.6% Marketable Securities 10,000 5.5% Accounts Receivable (net of uncollectible accounts) 17,000 9.4% Inventory 22,000 12.2% Prepaid Expense 4,000 2.2% Total Current Assets 65,000 35.9% Fixed Assets Building and Equipment 105,000 58.3% Less Depreciation 30,000 16.6% Net Buildings and Equipment 75,000 41.6% Land 40,000 22.2% Total Fixed Assets 115,000 63.8% Total Assets 180,000 100.0% Liabilities Current Liabilities Wages Payable 3,000 1.6% Accounts Payable 25,000 13.8% Taxes Payable 12,000 6.6% Total Current Liabilities 40,000 22.2% Long-Term Liabilities Mortgage Payable 70,000 38.8% Note Payable 15,000 8.3% Deferred Taxes 15,000 8.3% Total Long-Term Liabilities 100,000 55.5% Total Liabilities 140,000 77.7% Owner's Equity 40,000 22.2% Total Liabilities and Owner's Equity 180,000 100.0% Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 61 of 103 ABC Company Income Statement $$ % Sales $ 200,000 100% Cost of goods sold 130,000 65% Gross Profit 70,000 35% Operating expenses Selling expenses 22,000 11% General expenses 10,000 5% Administrative expenses 4,000 2% Total operating expenses 36,000 18% Operating income 34,000 17% Other income 2,500 1% Interest expense 0% Income before taxes 36,000 18% Income taxes 1,800 1% Net profit 34,200 17% Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 62 of 103 Industry Ratios Industry Current Ratio Quick Ratio Debt to Equity Sales to Inventory Accounts Receivable Turnover Profit Margin % Agriculture 1.31 0.39 1.33 2.52 19.00 2.58 Mining 1.19 0.77 0.48 0.00 52.00 0.00 Construction 1.44 0.98 1.31 4.74 43.00 1.74 Manufacturing Leather/Textile/App 1.50 0.62 1.48 6.05 34.00 1.64 Chem. Petrol. Metal 1.54 0.75 1.33 6.94 48.00 2.23 Wood Related Prod 1.43 0.62 1.41 6.46 33.00 2.16 Mach-trans equipment 1.54 0.74 1.34 5.89 51.00 2.38 Trans- Communication 1.03 0.70 1.64 0.00 34.00 1.84 Wholesale Non-Durable 1.53 0.66 1.70 4.63 39.00 1.40 Durable 1.42 0.69 1.60 7.36 31.00 1.11 Retail Hardware 1.68 0.43 1.30 4.20 22.00 1.11 Gen. Merchandise 2.14 0.15 0.59 3.81 4.00 0.16 Automobiles 1.23 0.19 2.61 4.75 9.00 0.84 Apparel 1.90 0.14 0.91 2.96 2.00 1.35 Furniture 1.61 0.38 1.33 4.03 16.00 0.92 Restaurants 0.73 0.18 1.24 35.65 1.00 0.43 Financial Services 1.18 0.34 0.72 0.00 1.00 1.29 Business Services 1.36 0.84 1.11 0.00 42.00 1.75 Service Industry 1.29 0.68 0.75 3.04 15.00 0.77 Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 63 of 103 Capital Project Analysis Exercise Complete the following exercise using an electronic spreadsheet program such Microsoft Excel®. Investment - $150,000 Annual Cash Inflows - $40,000 Cost of Capital - 10% Life - 10 years Calculate: Net Present Value Internal Rate of Return Payback Period Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 64 of 103 Electronic Career Portfolio Guidelines An electronic career portfolio is a purposeful collection of work that tells the story of an applicant including achievements, growth, vision, reflection, skills, experience, education, training, and career goals. It is a tool that gives employers a complete picture of who you are—your experience, your education, your accomplishments—and what you have the potential to become—much more than just a letter of application and resume can provide. Overview The portfolio should display samples of your work, achievements, and accomplishments you would refer to in an interview. Electronic portfolios use interactive multimedia to increase the range and type of materials that can be included as evidence of learning. Guidelines • Student members, not advisers, must prepare portfolios. • The portfolio should have no more than 30 pages (i.e., slides, links, and text files). • All information should reflect the student’s accomplishments and experiences. No fictitious information should be presented. • Navigation through portfolio should be easy and consistent in appearance and format. • The portfolio must include: table of contents, a resume, and career summary. The career summary page should include career choice, description of career, education required, and future job outlook (e.g., monetary, advancement). • Sample materials also must be included in the portfolio. Samples must include, but are not limited to, the following: Career-Related Education: Describe career-related education that enhances employability. Include a summary of school activities, career research projects, application of business education, and/or related occupational skills and their relationship to job. Educational Enhancement: Describe educational opportunities that enhance employability. Include career opportunities development planning, summaries of job shadowing, internships, apprenticeships, informational interviews, community service projects, and products developed during these experiences. Examples of Special Skills: Include up to five examples of special skills, talents, and/or abilities related to job and career goals. These may be in any format but must fit within the dimensions of the portfolio. Audio and/or video recordings may be included. Additional sample materials may include: awards and honors, certifications, community and volunteer activities, conferences or workshops, examples of projects or presentations, letters of recognition and recommendation, list of accomplishments, leadership development activities, Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 65 of 103 recognitions, self-assessments, evidence of specific skills, a page from a Web site created, writing samples, and so forth. Electronic Career Portfolio Rubric Name ________________________________________ Date ___________________________ Evaluation Item Not Demonstrated Does Not Meet Expectations Meets Expectations Exceeds Expectations Points Earned Content Resume 1 – 3 4 – 7 8 – 10 Career summary: • Career description • Skills and education needed for the career • Money/salary and outlook for the career 1 – 5 6 – 10 11 – 15 Evidence of research in career summary; sources of information cited in proper copyright format 1 – 2 3 – 4 Samples Career-Related Education • Describes career-related education that enhances employability. Includes a summary of school activities; career research projects, application of Business Education and/or related occupational skills and their relationship to job. 1 – 5 6 – 10 11 – 15 Educational Enhancement • Describes educational enhancement opportunities that enhance employability. Includes career opportunities development planning, summaries of job shadowing, internships, apprenticeships, informational interviews, or community service projects, and products developed during these experiences. 1 – 5 6 – 10 11 – 15 Examples of Special Skills • Includes up to five examples of special skills, talents, and/or abilities related to job and career goals. These may be in any format but must fit within the dimensions of the portfolio. Audio and/or video recordings may be included in the portfolio. 1 – 5 6 – 10 11 – 15 Delivery Thoughts and statements are well- organized and clearly stated; appropriate business language used 1 – 3 4 – 7 8 – 10 Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 66 of 103 Demonstrates self-confidence, poise, and good voice projection 1 – 3 4 – 7 8 – 10 Demonstrates the ability to effectively answer questions 1 – 2 3 – 4 Total Points Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 67 of 103 Cash Flow Statement Example Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 68 of 103 Cause and Effect Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 69 of 103 Code of Ethics Rubric Does Not Meet Expectations Meets Expectations Exceeds Expectations Score Student can articulate the primary tenets of the profession’s code of ethical conduct. Student is familiar with code(s) of ethics and standard(s) of professional practice within the discipline. Student can state the application of the code of ethics in the practice of the profession. Student’s code of ethics addresses ethical concerns found in the research. Total Score Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 70 of 103 Corporate Ethics--An Oxymoron? Skill: High School/College Time Required: One Week Introduction: During the administration of George Bush, the nation has been (seemingly) plagued with a series of business scandals and failures that have cost Americans literally billions of dollars. This is not the first time such scandals have occurred, and it probably won’t be the last. But it does raise the question of how these breaches of ethical behavior occur and what might be done to prevent more of them. Objectives: In this lesson, students will research a brief history of American business, investigate several major business scandals and document commonalities and differences among them. Having completed their research, students will be asked to write a set of ethical guidelines or code of ethics that might serve to prevent at least some future breaches of business ethics. Materials Required: Computer with Internet access, printer, paper, pen or pencil. Procedures: 1. Using the websites provided, have all students read about the history of American business. This can be done online, or the article can be printed out and duplicated for each student. 2. With this information as background, students should be engaged in a discussion of what they know about recent business scandals. The teacher should correct any misperceptions, and then ask students, in small groups, to investigate the facts and commentary about several of the recent scandals, e.g., Enron, WorldCom, Martha Stewart, Adelphia, etc. 3. As they investigate, have students take notes on commonalities and differences among all them (titles of those involved, impact on others, consequences for those suspected, the story behind the scandal, etc.). These notes should be placed in a “Scandals” folder. 4. After researching the individual scandals, and discussing commonalities and differences among them—particularly with respect to the kinds of ethical lapses that were made—have each student write a Code of Ethics for American Business that might serve to prevent at least some similar business scandals in the future. The website, “Writing a Code of Ethics for Business” (below) provides many useful ideas for writing such a Code. 5. Once completed, collect the Codes from each group, and share them with the class. Engage students in a discussion of each one, and ask the class to vote on the one they think would be the most useful. Extending the Lesson: Invite an attorney or a local CEO to speak to your class on corporate ethics. Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 71 of 103 Sources & Resources: Websites: Definition of Oxymoron History of U.S. Business - 19th and 20th Centuries History of U.S. Business – 21st Century U. S. Economic Timeline Classic Financial and Corporate Scandals Review of Business Scandals More Business Scandals Corporate Ethics Corporate Ethics Watchdog Writing a Code of Ethics for Business Credits: This lesson was developed by Marian Maxfield, Kent State University. Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 72 of 103 Goal Setting Evaluation Rubric Student Name__________________________________________ Date__________________________________________________ Level One 2 - 4 Level Two 5 - 7 Level Three 8 - 10 Score ACHIEVABILITY Questions necessity and purpose of goal; unable to visualize achievability of goal; has little or no involvement in determining the goal Visualizes goal; believes goal can be achieved; actively involved in determining goal Demonstrates belief in the achievability of the goal in multifaceted ways; initiates the goal-setting process SPECIFICITY Writes focused, measurable goals Goals are written in a concise, focused, clear manner; provides a basic method to measure goals Goals are written in a concise, focused, clear manner; goals relate specifically to the desired outcome; a detailed, realistic method has been developed to measure goals AWARENESS Knows rewards and potential problems and is willing to work toward goal with assistance Recognizes rewards of goal achievement; recognized potential risks; maintains willingness to continue working toward goal Identifies and understand rewards to self and/or others, addresses potential risks before they occur; demonstrates an intrinsic desire for successfully accomplishing goal REALIZATION Plans and/or manages deadlines with assistance Sets realistic deadlines; steps taken toward deadline are manageable Sets benchmarks for deadlines as well as goal attainment; steps taken toward meeting deadlines; evaluates how realistic and manageable the deadlines are Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 73 of 103 Total Score /12 Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 74 of 103 GOAL SETTING GUIDELINES 1. Define the goal.* 2. Outline the steps needed to achieve it. 3. Consider potential risks 4. Identify the type of risk (natural, human, controllable, and uncontrollable) and ways of dealing with them. 5. Set deadlines. *Not every wish can be a goal. For instance, you may wish you could live and stay young forever, but since there's nothing you can do to make that happen, it could never be considered a goal. In order for something to be a goal: • It has to be important to you, personally. • It has to be within your power to make it happen through your own actions. • It has to be something you have a reasonable chance of achieving. • It must be clearly defined and have a specific plan of action. Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 75 of 103 Goal Setting Worksheet My three goals are: 1. ________________________________________________________________________ 2. ________________________________________________________________________ 3. ________________________________________________________________________ These goals are important to me because: ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ My to-do list to reach my goals: ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ The consequences of achieving my goals are: ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ The consequences of not achieving my goals are: ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ What potential risks could keep me from achieving my goals? ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ How will I prepare for potential risks? ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 76 of 103 Who will support and help me to achieve my goals and how? ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 77 of 103 Identifying Functions of Money Directions: For each of the following activities, decide whether the situation is an example of money as a medium of exchange, a measure of value, or a store of value. Place a check mark in the appropriate column to indicate your answer. Medium of Exchange Measure of Value Store of Value The exchange rate for U.S. dollars to Canadian dollars 1.21. A company in Europe must pay for imported goods with Mexican pesos. A student is saving £50 a month to help pay for college expenses. A multinational company receives payment for the sale of goods and converts the funds into the currency of its home country. Food for a week for a family of four in France costs Fr230 in one city and Fr267 in another city. An engineer makes a higher salary than an administrative assistant at the same company. A shopper goes to three stores to compare prices on computer printers. A pair of a certain brand of jeans costs three times as much in a country where this kind of clothing is very scarce. Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 78 of 103 Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 79 of 103 Presentation Rubric Student Name__________________________________________ Date__________________________________________________ Exemplary 4 points Accomplished 3 points Developing 2 points Beginning 1 point Score Obtained Content Addressed all assignment components Addressed all but one assignment component Omitted two assignment components Omitted more than two assignment components Detail Fully addressed all assignment components Fully addressed most assignment components Partially addressed most assignment components Partially addressed few assignment components Accuracy No grammatical, typographical, spelling, or punctuation errors 1–2 grammatical, typographical, spelling, or punctuation errors 3–5 grammatical, typographical, spelling, or punctuation errors More than 5 grammatical, typographical, spelling, or punctuation errors Clarity Logical, orderly sequence Somewhat logical sequence Confusing sequence No evidence of order/sequence Design Excellent design selection and usage Adequate design selection or 1–2 design errors Inadequate design selection or 3–5 design errors Poor design selection or more than 5 design errors Appeal Very appealing; excellent use of animation, transitions, sound, etc. Somewhat appealing; adequate use of animation, transitions, sound, etc. Not very appealing; limited use of animation, transitions, sound, etc. Not appealing; very limited or no use of animation, transitions, sound, etc. Score Teacher Comments: Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 80 of 103 Report Rubric Student Name__________________________________________ Date__________________________________________________ EXEMPLARY (4) ACCOMPLISHED (3) DEVELOPING (2) BEGINNING (1) SCORE Topic Directly relevant Somewhat relevant Remotely related Totally unrelated Organization Good organization; events are logically ordered; sharp sense of beginning and end Organized; events are somewhat jumpy Some organization; events jump around; start and end are unclear Not organized; events make no sense Quality of Information Supporting details specific to subject Some details are non-supporting to the subject. Details are somewhat unclear. Unable to find specific details Grammar and Spelling All grammar and spelling are correct. Only one or two errors More than two errors Very frequent grammar and/or spelling errors Interest Level Vocabulary is varied; supporting details are vivid. Vocabulary is varied; supporting details need work. Vocabulary is constant; details lack “color.” Needs descriptive words Neatness Word processed or typed; clean and neatly bound in a report cover; illustrations provided Legible writing; well-formed characters; clean and neatly bound in a report cover; illustrations provided Legible writing; some ill-formed letters; print too small or too large; papers stapled together Illegible writing; loose pages Timeliness Report handed in on time Up to 2 days late Up to 1 week late Report handed in more than 1 week late Total Teacher Comments: Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 81 of 103 Social Accounting The Body Shop has always campaigned for greater social awareness and its Web site reflects that campaign. Visit the Our Values section of their Web site and make a note of their values under each of the following headings: •Against animal testing •Support community trade •Activate self esteem •Defend human rights •Protect our planet How do you think these issues might have an impact on the financial reports of The Body Shop? Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 82 of 103 Appendix B: Glossary Unit 1 Corporate governance - the set of processes, customs, policies, laws, and institutions affecting the way a corporation (or company) is directed, administered or controlled. Corporate Responsibility - duty and rational conduct expected of a corporation; accountability of a corporation to a code of ethics and to established laws Ethics - moral principles that govern a person's or group's behavior. Unit 2 Balance Sheet - summary of a company's financial status, including assets, liabilities, and equity Basis Point – 1/100 of a percentage point, used chiefly in expressing differences of interest rates. Benchmark Company – a competitor who has historically demonstrated outstanding financial performance. Bond Rating - a grade given to bonds that indicates their credit quality. Capital Budget - is the planning process used to determine whether an organization's long term investments such as new machinery, replacement machinery, new plants, new products, and research development projects are worth pursuing. Cash Flow Statement – document that provides aggregate data regarding all cash inflows a company receives from both its ongoing operations and external investment sources, as well as all cash outflows that pay for business activities and investments during a given quarter. Common Stock - Securities representing equity ownership in a corporation, providing voting rights, and entitling the holder to a share of the company's success through dividends and/or capital appreciation. Cost of Capital - The opportunity cost of an investment; that is, the rate of return that a company would otherwise be able to earn at the same risk level as the investment that has been selected. Cost of Debt - The effective rate that a company pays on its current debt Cost of Equity - is the minimum rate of return a firm must offer owners to compensate for waiting for their returns, and for bearing risk. Coupon Rate - is the annual interest rate of a bond. Current Yield - in bonds, is the annual interest or dividend payments expressed as a percentage of the bond's current price. For bonds, where yield to maturity factors in the original purchase price, current yield is strictly a measure of the income stream. Debenture Bond - is a corporate IOU that is not backed by the company’s assets (unsecured) and is therefore somewhat riskier than a bond. Dividend - is that portion of a corporations earnings which is paid to the stockholders. Financial Budget - is focused on capital expenditures and on a business's budgeted cash position: Financial Leverage - is the use of debt to increase the expected return on equity. Financial leverage is measured by the ratio of debt to debt plus equity. Financial Ratios - is the result of dividing one financial statement item by another. Ratios help analysts interpret financial statements by focusing on specific relationships. Income Statement - a summary of income and expenses Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 83 of 103 Internal Rate of Return (IRR) - is the discount rate that makes the project have a zero Net Present Value (NPV). IRR is an alternative method of evaluating investments without estimating the discount rate. Investment Banker - is an underwriter who serves as a middleman between a corporation issuing new securities and the public. Mortgage Bond - is a bond in which the issuer has granted the bondholders a lien against the pledged assets. Net Present Value (NPR) - is a method used in evaluating investments, whereby the net present value of all cash outflows (such as the cost of the investment) and cash inflows (returns) is calculated using a given discount rate, usually REQUIRED RATE OF RETURN. Operating Budget - focuses on the budgeted income statement and its supporting components and schedules. Payback Method - in capital budgeting, is the length of time needed to recoup the cost of CAPITAL INVESTMENT. Preferred Stock - usually, non-voting capital stock that pays dividends at a specified rate and has preference over common stock in the payment of dividends and the liquidation of assets. Primary Market - is the first sale of a newly issued security. Ratio Analysis - involves conversion of financial numbers for a firm into ratios. Ratio analysis allows comparison of one firm to another. Secondary Market - is buyers and sellers willing to trade securities after their initial issuance. Trend Analysis - is the analysis of changes over time through the use of analytical techniques, such as time series analysis, to discern trends. Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) - is an average representing the expected return on all of a company’s securities. Unit 3 Risk - is the measurable possibility of losing or not gaining value. Economic Risk - The possibility that an economic downturn will negatively impact an investment. Pure Risk - Any risk in which there is no possibility of gain, only the avoidance of loss. Speculative Risk – the possibility of either financial loss or gain Natural Risk – risk that arises from natural events or as a part of nature Human Risk – risks that arise from the acts of individuals, groups, or organizations Controllable Risk – risks that can be reduced or avoided by thoughtful actions Uncontrollable Risk – risks that cannot be influenced by human action Risk Management – the process of systematically identifying potential risks and making plans to reduce the impact of the risk on individuals and companiesLiability - money owed to creditors, vendors, etc. Unit 4 Automatic Teller Machines (ATM) - An electronic banking outlet, which allows customers to complete basic transactions without the aid of a branch representative or teller. Capital Markets - A division within a larger company that uses its expertise in financial markets to provide financial services to specific types of clients Commercial Lending - A debt-based funding arrangement that a business can set up with a financial institution. Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 84 of 103 Debit Cards - An electronic card issued by a bank which allows bank clients access to their account to withdraw cash or pay for goods and services. Federal Reserve System - The banks that carry out Fed operations, including controlling the money supply and regulating member banks. Lock Box - A service provided by banks to companies for the receipt of payment from customers. Money Markets - A savings account that offers the competitive rate of interest (real rate) in exchange for larger- than-normal deposits. Open Market Operations - Rate of interest that is paid on any debt security that trades in the open market. Safe-deposit Box - A box - usually located inside a bank - which is used to store valuables. Unit 5 Currency Option: A contract giving the option holder the right to buy or sell an underlying currency at a specified price and on a specified date. The option writer (seller) holds the obligation to fulfill the other side of the contract Exchange Controls: Government restrictions to regulate the amount and value of a nation’s currency Exchange Rate: The price of one currency in terms of another, i.e. the number of units of one currency that may be exchanged for one unit of another currency Floating Exchange Rate: An exchange rate system in which currency values are allowed to fluctuate according to supply and demand forces in the market without direct interference by government authorities Foreign Exchange: Currency of another country, or a financial instrument that facilitates payment from one currency to another Foreign Exchange Markets: Networks of commercial banks, investment banks, and other financial institutions that convert, buy, and sell currencies in the global economy Hard Currency: A monetary unit that is easily converted into other currencies Interest Rate: The cost of using someone else’s money International Monetary Fund (IMF): An international organization designed to promote global economic stability and development. It compiles statistics on cross-border transactions and publishes a monthly summary of each country’s balance of payments Macro Country Risks: Country (or political) risks that affect all foreign firms in a host country Micro Country Risks: Country risks that are specific to an industry, company, or project within a host country Soft Currency: A currency which is not readily accepted in exchange for other currencies or convertible to gold World Bank: An international organization created at Breton Woods in 1944 to help in the reconstruction and development of its member nations. Its goal is to improve the quality of life for people in the poorer regions of the world by promoting sustainable economic development. See also International Bank for Reconstruction and Development. Unit 6 Bureau of Labor Statistics: the principal fact-finding agency for the Federal Government in the broad field of labor economics and statistics. Responsibility Accounting: the collection, summarization, and reporting of financial information about various decision centers throughout an organization; can also be called profitability accounting or activity accounting. Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 85 of 103 Social Responsibility: an ethical belief or theory that an entity, be it an organization or individual, has an obligation to act to benefit society at large Stakeholders - a person, group, organization, or system who affects or can be affected by an organization's actions Unit 7 Accounting - process of identifying, measuring, and reporting financial information of an entity Accounting Equation - assets = liabilities + equity Accounts Payable - money owed to creditors, vendors, etc. Accounts Receivable - money owed to a business, i.e. credit sales Asset - property with a cash value that is owned by a business or individual Balance Sheet - summary of a company's financial status, including assets, liabilities, and equity Bookkeeping - recording financial information Chart of Accounts - a listing of a company's accounts and their corresponding numbers Closing the Books/Year End Closing – the process of reversing the income and expense for a fiscal or calendar year and netting the amount into “retained earnings” Credit - an account entry with a negative value for assets, and positive value for liabilities and equity. Debit - an account entry with a positive value for assets, and negative value for liabilities and equity. Depreciation - recognizing the decrease in the value of an asset due to age and use Equity - money owed to the owner or owners of a company, also known as "owner's equity" Financial Accounting - accounting focused on reporting an entity's activities to an external party; ie: shareholders Financial Statement - a record containing the balance sheet and the income statement Fixed Asset - long-term tangible property; building, land, computers, etc. General Ledger - a record of all financial transactions within an entity Income Statement - a summary of income and expenses Inventory – merchandise purchased for resale at a profit Inventory Valuation – the method to set the book value of unsold inventory: i.e. “LIFO,” last in, first out; “FIFO,” first in, first out; “average,” an average cost over a given period, “last cost,” the cost based on the last purchase; “standard,” a “deemed” amount related to but not tied to a specific purchase, “serialized,” based on a uniquely identifiable serial number or character of each inventory item Invoice – the original billing from the seller to the buyer, outlining what was purchased and the terms of sale, payment, etc. Journal - a record where transactions are recorded, also known as an "account" Liability - money owed to creditors, vendors, etc Net Income - money remaining after all expenses and taxes have been paid Payroll - a list of employees and their wages Posting – the process of entering then permanently saving or “archiving” accounting data Reconciliation – the process of matching one set of data to another; i.e. the bank statement to the check register, the accounts payable journal to the general ledger, etc. Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 86 of 103 Retained Earnings – the amount of net profit retained and not paid out to shareholders over the life of the business Revenue - total income before expenses. Shareholder Equity - the capital and retained earnings in an entity attributed to the shareholders Statement of Accounts - a summary of amounts owed to a vendor, lender, etc. Supplies – assets purchased to be consumed by the entity. Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 87 of 103 Appendix C: Industry Standards National MBA Curriculum Standards National MBA Curriculum Standards for Business Finance Pathway Crosswalk for Business Finance Pathway Units Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Industry Standards BL – Business Law    FA – Financial Analysis      PD – Professional Development   RM – Risk Management   BL - Business Law: Understands business’s responsibility to know, abide by, and enforce laws and regulations that affect business operations and transactions Performance Element: Understand regulations governing business finance to adhere to government requirements. Performance Indicators: Explain laws and regulations pertaining to business finance (SP) Explain the nature of business taxation (SP) Describe regulations and laws governing ownership change transactions (MN) Performance Element: Explore the role of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission in the regulation of business finance to adhere to government requirements. Performance Indicators: Discuss the impact of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission Division of Corporation Finance on business finance (MN) FA - Financial Analysis: Understands tools, strategies, and systems used to maintain, monitor, control, and plan the use of financial resources Performance Element: Understand fundamental financial concepts to appropriately manage business finances. Performance Indicators: Discuss the nature of depreciation (SP) Describe the nature of cash flows (SP) Performance Element: Acquire knowledge of efficient capital markets to make suitable financial decisions. Performance Indicators: Explain the role of efficient capital markets in business finance (SP) Performance Element: Explore capital budgeting to understand the capital expenditure decision-making process. Performance Indicators: Discuss the capital budgeting process (MN) Performance Element: Perform calculations to assist in capital budgeting decision making. Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 88 of 103 Performance Indicators: Calculate the initial investment associated with a proposed capital expenditure (MN) Determine operating cash inflows (MN) Determine terminal cash flow (MN) Performance Element: Conduct cash flow analysis to select an acceptable capital expenditure. Performance Indicators: Discuss the nature of relevant cash flow analysis (SP) Explain the nature of the payback period (SP) Calculate the payback period (MN) Discuss the use of net present value (NPV) (SP) Explain the relationship between the internal rate of return and net present value (SP) Calculate the net present value (NPV) (MN) Calculate the internal rate of return (IRR) (MN) Performance Element: Understand financial planning in business finance to strive for business goals. Performance Indicators: Discuss the financial planning process (SP) Discuss the nature of short-term (operating) financial plans (SP) Describe the nature of long-term (strategic) financial plans (MN) Performance Element: Conduct cash planning to determine a company’s short-term cash requirements. Performance Indicators: Explain the use of cash budgets (SP) Cope with uncertainty in cash budgets (MN) Prepare a cash budget (MN) Evaluate a cash budget (MN) Performance Element: Conduct profit planning to forecast business profit. Performance Indicators: Discuss the use of pro forma statements in profit planning (SP) Develop a pro forma income statement (MN) Prepare a pro forma balance sheet (MN) Evaluate pro forma statements (MN) Performance Element: Understand short-term financial management to manage current assets and current liabilities. Performance Indicators: Describe the nature of short-term financial management (MN) Performance Element: Understand the fundamentals of valuation to make appropriate financial decisions for the company. Performance Indicators: Discuss the role of project valuation in capital allocation decisions (MN) Discuss methods for valuing flexibility (MN) Discuss the valuation implications in business finance (MN) Performance Element: Utilize a company’s financial statements to analyze its financial situation. Performance Indicators: Discuss the analysis of a company’s financial situation using its financial statements (SP) Discuss external forces affecting a company’s value (SP) Explain how value is created for a company (SP) Analyze a company’s financial situation (MN) Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 89 of 103 Performance Element: Calculate business ratios to evaluate company performance. Performance Indicators: Discuss the use of financial ratios in business finance (SP) Determine business liquidity (MN) Calculate corporate activity ratios (MN) Calculate corporate debt ratios (MN) Calculate business profitability (MN) Calculate market ratios (MN) Discuss the use of benchmarks when analyzing ratios (MN) Describe bankruptcy prediction models (MN) Performance Element: Utilize capital market securities to secure financing for a company. Performance Indicators: Discuss ways to determine the best financing option for a company (MN) Determine financing options for a company (MN) Discuss the nature of corporate bonds (MN) Discuss the cost of long-term debt (MN) Determine the cost of long-term debt (MN) Discuss the issuance of stock from a corporation (MN) Calculate the cost of preferred stock (MN) Discuss the cost of common stock (MN) Calculate the cost of common stock (MN) Performance Element: Acquire fundamental knowledge of dividends to assist in the distribution of dividends. Performance Indicators: Explain forms of dividends (SP) Explain the nature of dividend reinvestment plans (DRIPs) (SP) Describe the effect of a firm’s dividend decisions on its external financing requirements (MN) Discuss the residual theory of dividends (MN) Describe the impact of dividends on the value of the firm (MN) Explain the nature of a dividend policy (MN) Discuss factors to consider when deciding on the form of dividend distribution (MN) Performance Element: Analyze ownership change transactions to aid in corporate growth and development. Performance Indicators: Compare mergers and acquisitions (SP) Explain the nature of hostile takeovers (SP) Discuss issues that arise from mergers and acquisitions (MN) Explain methods for evaluating potential merger/acquisition targets (MN) Evaluate potential merger/acquisition targets (MN) Discuss the nature of restructurings (MN) PD - Professional Development: Understands concepts, tools, and strategies used to explore, obtain, and develop in a business finance career Performance Element: Explore the fundamentals of business finance to build a foundation for employment in the field. Performance Indicators: Describe the nature of business finance (SP) Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 90 of 103 Performance Element: Understand ethics in business finance to behave appropriately in the workplace. Performance Indicators: Discuss business ethics for business finance (SP) Discuss corporate responsibility issues in business finance (MN) Performance Element: Acquire knowledge of corporate governance to be aware of restraints under which business finance functions. Performance Indicators: Discuss corporate governance issues in business finance (MN) Describe the components of a well-governed company (e.g. board of directors, reporting, transparency, internal and external audit functions) (MN) Performance Element: Understand careers in business finance to determine which role and responsibilities best match personal abilities and traits. Performance Indicators: Explain the role and responsibilities of financial managers (SP) Explain the role and responsibilities of a financial analyst (SP) Describe the role and responsibilities of a controller (SP) Describe the role and responsibilities of a risk manager (SP) Discuss the role and responsibilities of a treasurer (MN) Discuss the role and responsibilities of a chief financial officer (CFO) (MN) Performance Element: Explore licensing and certification in the field of business finance to enhance professional development. Performance Indicators: Explain professional designations in the field of business finance (e.g. CF, CFA, CCM, CTP, CFM, etc.) (SP) RM - Risk Management: Understands risk-management strategies and techniques used to minimize business loss Performance Element: Manage risk to protect a business’s wellbeing. Performance Indicators: Discuss the relationship between risk management and business finance (SP) Discuss the nature of risk measurement (SP) Measure risk (MN) Explain the nature of interest rate risk (SP) Manage interest rate risk (MN) Explain approaches to financial risk management (MN) Discuss the use of derivatives in financial risk management (MN) Evaluate the risks of derivatives (MN) Discuss reasons to integrate risk management into business operations (MN) Identify business risks (MN) Integrate risk management into business operations (MN) Performance Element: Understand enterprise risk management to participate in a company-wide risk management program. Performance Indicators: Discuss the nature of enterprise risk management (ERM) (MN) Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 91 of 103 National Standards for Business Education National Standards for Business Education Crosswalk for Accounting Units Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Industry Standards A1 – The Accounting Profession    A2 – Financial Reports    A3 – Financial Analysis      A4 – Accounting Applications  A5 – Accounting Process  A6 – Interpretation and Use of Data    A7 - Compliance     National Standards for Business Education for Accounting A1 - The Accounting Profession • Achievement Standard: Understand the role that accountants play in business and society. • Achievement Standard: Describe career opportunities in the accounting profession. • Achievement Standard: Demonstrate the skills and competencies required to be successful in the accounting profession and/or in an accounting-related career. A2 - Financial Reports • Achievement Standard: Develop an understanding and working knowledge of an annual report and financial statements. A3 - Financial Analysis • Achievement Standard: Assess the financial condition and operating results of a company and analyze and interpret financial statements and information to make informed business decisions. A4 - Accounting Applications • Achievement Standard: Identify and describe generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), explain how the application of GAAP impacts the recording of financial transactions, and the preparation of financial statements. A5 - Accounting Process • Achievement Standard: Complete the steps in the accounting cycle in order to prepare the financial statements. A6 - Interpretation and Use of Data • Achievement Standard: Use planning and control principles to evaluate the performance of an organization and apply differential analysis and present-value concepts to make decision. A7 - Compliance • Achievement Standard: Develop a working knowledge of individual income tax procedures and requirements to comply with tax laws and regulations. Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 92 of 103 Appendix D: 21st Century Skills 1 21st Century Crosswalk for Finance and Accounting Units Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 21st Century Standards CS1    CS2   CS3   CS4 CS5 CS6     CS7     CS8     CS9       CS10 CS11       CS12 CS13    CS14  CS15   CS16   CSS1-21st Century Themes CS1 Global Awareness 1. Using 21st century skills to understand and address global issues 2. Learning from and working collaboratively with individuals representing diverse cultures, religions, and lifestyles in a spirit of mutual respect and open dialogue in personal, work, and community contexts 3. Understanding other nations and cultures, including the use of non-English languages CS2 Financial, Economic, Business, and Entrepreneurial Literacy 1. Knowing how to make appropriate personal economic choices 2. Understanding the role of the economy in society 3. Using entrepreneurial skills to enhance workplace productivity and career options CS3 Civic Literacy 1. Participating effectively in civic life through knowing how to stay informed and understanding governmental processes 2. Exercising the rights and obligations of citizenship at local, state, national, and global levels 3. Understanding the local and global implications of civic decisions CS4 Health Literacy 1. Obtaining, interpreting, and understanding basic health information and services and using such information and services in ways that enhance health 2. Understanding preventive physical and mental health measures, including proper diet, nutrition, exercise, risk avoidance, and stress reduction 3. Using available information to make appropriate health-related decisions 4. Establishing and monitoring personal and family health goals 5. Understanding national and international public health and safety issues 1 21st century skills. (n.d.). Washington, DC: Partnership for 21st Century Skills. Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 93 of 103 CS5 Environmental Literacy 1. Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the environment and the circumstances and conditions affecting it, particularly as relates to air, climate, land, food, energy, water, and ecosystems. 2. Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of society’s impact on the natural world (e.g., population growth, population development, resource consumption rate, etc.). 3. Investigate and analyze environmental issues, and make accurate conclusions about effective solutions. 4. Take individual and collective action toward addressing environmental challenges (e.g., participating in global actions, designing solutions that inspire action on environmental issues). CSS2-Learning and Innovation Skills CS6 Creativity and Innovation 1. Think Creatively 2. Work Creatively with Others 3. Implement Innovations CS7 Critical Thinking and Problem Solving 1. Reason Effectively 2. Use Systems Thinking 3. Make Judgments and Decisions 4. Solve Problems CS8 Communication and Collaboration 1. Communicate Clearly 2. Collaborate with Others CSS3-Information, Media and Technology Skills CS9 Information Literacy 1. Access and Evaluate Information 2. Use and Manage Information CS10 Media Literacy 1. Analyze Media 2. Create Media Products CS11 ICT Literacy 1. Apply Technology Effectively CSS4-Life and Career Skills CS12 Flexibility and Adaptability 1. Adapt to change 2. Be Flexible CS13 Initiative and Self-Direction 1. Manage Goals and Time 2. Work Independently 3. Be Self-directed Learners CS14 Social and Cross-Cultural Skills 1. Interact Effectively with others 2. Work Effectively in Diverse Teams CS15 Productivity and Accountability 1. Manage Projects 2. Produce Results CS16 Leadership and Responsibility 1. Guide and Lead Others 2. Be Responsible to Others Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 94 of 103 Appendix E: Common Core Standards Common Core Crosswalk for Finance and Accounting Units Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Common Core Standards CCR1   CCR2 CCR3    CCR4  CCR5  CCR6   CCR7       CCR8 CCR9   CCR10  CCW1  CCW2       CCW3    CCW4   CCW5  CCW6  CCW7       CCW8     CCW9     CCW10  CCSL1     CCSL2    CCSL3  CCSL4     CCSL5    CCSL6   CCL1      CCL2      CCL3   CCL4     CCL5    CCL6   CCM1 CCM2 CCM3    CCM4 CCM5 CCM6 CCM7 CCM8 CCM9 CCM10 CCM11 CCM12 CCM13 CCM14 CCM15  CCM16  CCM17 CCM18 CCM19 CCM20 CCM21 Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 95 of 103 English Language Arts (6-12) College and Career Readiness Anchor Standards for Reading Key Ideas and Details CCR1: Read closely to determine what the text says explicitly and to make logical inferences from it; cite specific textual evidence when writing or speaking to support conclusions drawn from the text. CCR2: Determine central ideas or themes of a text, and analyze their development; summarize the key supporting details and ideas. CCR3: Analyze how and why individuals, events, and ideas develop and interact over the course of a text. Craft and Structure CCR4: Interpret words and phrases as they are used in a text, including determining technical, connotative, and figurative meanings, and analyze how specific word choices shape meaning or tone. CCR5: Analyze the structure of texts, including how specific sentences, paragraphs, and larger portions of the text (e.g., a section, chapter, scene, or stanza) relate to each other and the whole. CCR6: Assess how point of view or purpose shapes the content and style of a text. CCM22 CCM23 CCM24 CCM25 CCM26 CCM27 CCM28 CCM29 CCM30 CCM31 CCM32 CCM33 CCM34 CCM35 CCM36 CCM37 CCM38 CCM39 CCM40 CCM41 CCM42 CCM43 CCM44 CCM45  CCM46    CCM47 CCM48 CCM49   CCM50 CCM51 CCM52 CCM53 Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 96 of 103 Integration of Knowledge and Ideas CCR7: Integrate and evaluate content presented in diverse formats and media, including visually and quantitatively, as well as in words. CCR8: Delineate and evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, including the validity of the reasoning as well as the relevance and sufficiency of the evidence. CCR9: Analyze how two or more texts address similar themes or topics in order to build knowledge or to compare the approaches the authors take. Range of Reading and Level of Text Complexity CCR10: Read and comprehend complex literary and informational texts independently and proficiently. Mathematics (High School) College and Career Readiness Anchor Standards for Writing Text Types and Purposes CCW1: Write arguments to support claims in an analysis of substantive topics or texts, using valid reasoning and relevant and sufficient evidence. CCW2: Write informative/explanatory texts to examine and convey complex ideas and information clearly and accurately through the effective selection, organization, and analysis of content. CCW3: Write narratives to develop real or imagined experiences or events using effective technique, well- chosen details, and well-structured event sequences. Production and Distribution of Writing CCW4: Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience. CCW5: Develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting, or trying a new approach. CCW6: Use technology, including the Internet, to produce and publish writing and to interact and collaborate with others. Research to Build and Present Knowledge CCW7: Conduct short as well as more sustained research projects based on focused questions, demonstrating understanding of the subject under investigation. CCW8: Gather relevant information from multiple print and digital sources, assess the credibility and accuracy of each source, and integrate the information while avoiding plagiarism. CCW9: Draw evidence from literary or informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research. Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 97 of 103 Range of Writing CCW10: Write routinely over extended time frames (time for research, reflection, and revision) and shorter time frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of tasks, purposes, and audiences. College and Career Readiness Anchor Standards for Speaking and Listening Comprehension and Collaboration CCSL1: Prepare for and participate effectively in a range of conversations and collaborations with diverse partners, building on others’ ideas and expressing their own clearly and persuasively. CCSL2: Integrate and evaluate information presented in diverse media and formats, including visually, quantitatively, and orally. CCSL3: Evaluate a speaker’s point of view, reasoning, and use of evidence and rhetoric. Presentation of Knowledge and Ideas CCSL4: Present information, findings, and supporting evidence such that listeners can follow the line of reasoning and the organization, development, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience. CCSL5: Make strategic use of digital media and visual displays of data to express information and enhance understanding of presentations. CCSL6: Adapt speech to a variety of contexts and communicative tasks, demonstrating command of formal English when indicated or appropriate. College and Career Readiness Anchor Standards for Language Conventions of Standard English CCL1: Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking. CCL2: Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing. Knowledge of Language CCL3: Apply knowledge of language to understand how language functions in different contexts, to make effective choices for meaning or style, and to comprehend more fully when reading or listening. Vocabulary Acquisition and Use CCL4: Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases by using context clues, analyzing meaningful word parts, and consulting general and specialized reference materials, as appropriate. Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 98 of 103 CCL5: Demonstrate understanding of figurative language, word relationships, and nuances in word meanings. CCL6: Acquire and use accurately a range of general academic and domain-specific words and phrases sufficient for reading, writing, speaking, and listening at the college and career readiness level; demonstrate independence in gathering vocabulary knowledge when considering a word or phrase important to comprehension or expression. Mathematics (High School) Number and Quantity The Real Number System CCM1: Extend the properties of exponents to rational exponents. CCM2: Use properties of rational and irrational numbers. Quantities CCM3: Reason quantitatively and use units to solve problems. The Complex Number System CCM4: Perform arithmetic operations with complex numbers. CCM5: Represent complex numbers and their operations on the complex plane. CCM6: Use complex numbers in polynomial identities and equations. Vector and Matrix Quantities CCM7: Represent and model with vector quantities. CCM8: Perform operations on vectors. CCM9: Perform operations on matrices and use matrices in applications. Algebra Interpret the structure of expressions CCM10: Write expressions in equivalent forms to solve problems. Arithmetic with Polynomials and Rational Expressions CCM11: Perform arithmetic operations on polynomials. CCM12: Understand the relationship between zeros and factors of polynomials. Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 99 of 103 CCM13: Use polynomial identities to solve problems. CCM14: Rewrite rational expressions. Creating Equations CCM15: Create equations that describe numbers or relationships. Reasoning with Equations and Inequalities CCM16: Understand solving equations as a process of reasoning, and explain the reasoning. CCM17: Solve equations and inequalities in one variable. CCM18: Solve systems of equations. CCM19: Represent and solve equations and inequalities graphically. Functions CCM20: Understand the concept of a function and use function notation. CCM21: Interpret functions that arise in applications in terms of the context. CCM22: Analyze functions using different representations. Building Functions CCM23: Build a function that models a relationship between two quantities. CCM24: Build new functions from existing functions. Linear, Quadratic, and Exponential Models CCM25: Construct and compare linear, quadratic, and exponential models, and solve problems. CCM26: Interpret expressions for functions in terms of the situation they model. Trigonometric Functions CCM27: Extend the domain of trigonometric functions using the unit circle. CCM28: Model periodic phenomena with trigonometric functions. CCM29: Prove and apply trigonometric identities. Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 100 of 103 Geometry CCM30: Experiment with transformations in the plane. CCM31: Understand congruence in terms of rigid motions. CCM32: Prove geometric theorems. CCM33: Make geometric constructions. Similarity, Right Triangles, and Trigonometry CCM34: Understand similarity in terms of similarity transformations. CCM35: Prove theorems involving similarity. CCM36: Define trigonometric ratios, and solve problems involving right triangles. CCM37: Apply trigonometry to general triangles. Circles CCM38: Understand and apply theorems about circles. CCM39: Find arc lengths and areas of sectors of circles. Expressing Geometric Properties with Equations CCM40: Translate between the geometric description and the equation for a conic section. CCM41: Use coordinates to prove simple geometric theorems algebraically. Geometric Measurement and Dimension CCM42: Explain volume formulas, and use them to solve problems. CCM43: Visualize relationships between two-dimensional and three-dimensional objects. Modeling with Geometry CCM44: Apply geometric concepts in modeling situations. Statistics and Probability CCM45: Summarize, represent, and interpret data on a single count or measurement variable. CCM46: Summarize, represent, and interpret data on two categorical and quantitative variables. CCM47: Interpret linear models. Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 101 of 103 Making Inferences and Justifying Conclusions CCM48: Understand and evaluate random processes underlying statistical experiments. CCM49: Make inferences and justify conclusions from sample surveys, experiments, and observational studies. Conditional Probability and the Rules of Probability CCM50: Understand independence and conditional probability and use them to interpret data. CCM51: Use the rules of probability to compute probabilities of compound events in a uniform probability model. Using Probability to Make Decisions CCM52: Calculate expected values, and use them to solve problems. CCM53: Use probability to evaluate outcomes of decisions. Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 102 of 103 Appendix F: National Educational Technology Standards for Students (NETS-S) NETS Crosswalk for Finance and Accounting Course Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 NETS Standards T1        T2        T3        T4        T5 T6 T1 Creativity and Innovation T2 Communication and Collaboration T3 Research and Information Fluency T4 Critical Thinking, Problem Solving, and Decision Making T5 Digital Citizenship T6 Technology Operations and Concepts T1 Creativity and Innovation Students demonstrate creative thinking, construct knowledge, and develop innovative products and processes using technology. Students do the following: a. Apply existing knowledge to generate new ideas, products, or processes. b. Create original works as a means of personal or group expression. c. Use models and simulations to explore complex systems and issues. d. Identify trends and forecast possibilities. T2 Communication and Collaboration Students use digital media and environments to communicate and work collaboratively, including at a distance, to support individual learning and contribute to the learning of others. Students do the following: a. Interact, collaborate, and publish with peers, experts, or others employing a variety of digital environments and media. b. Communicate information and ideas effectively to multiple audiences using a variety of media and formats. c. Develop cultural understanding and global awareness by engaging with learners of other cultures. d. Contribute to project teams to produce original works or solve problems. T3 Research and Information Fluency Students apply digital tools to gather, evaluate, and use information. Students do the following: a. Plan strategies to guide inquiry. b. Locate, organize, analyze, evaluate, synthesize, and ethically use information from a variety of sources and media. c. Evaluate and select information sources and digital tools based on the appropriateness to specific tasks. d. Process data and report results. Mississippi CTE Unit Plan Resource Page 103 of 103 T4 Critical Thinking, Problem Solving, and Decision Making Students use critical-thinking skills to plan and conduct research, manage projects, solve problems, and make informed decisions using appropriate digital tools and resources. Students do the following: a. Identify and define authentic problems and significant questions for investigation. b. Plan and manage activities to develop a solution or complete a project. c. Collect and analyze data to identify solutions and/or make informed decisions. d. Use multiple processes and diverse perspectives to explore alternative solutions. T5 Digital Citizenship Students understand human, cultural, and societal issues related to technology and practice legal and ethical behavior. Students do the following: a. Advocate and practice safe, legal, and responsible use of information and technology. b. Exhibit a positive attitude toward using technology that supports collaboration, learning, and productivity. c. Demonstrate personal responsibility for lifelong learning. d. Exhibit leadership for digital citizenship. T6 Technology Operations and Concepts Students demonstrate a sound understanding of technology concepts, systems, and operations. Students do the following: a. Understand and use technology systems. b. Select and use applications effectively and productively. c. Troubleshoot systems and applications. d. Transfer current knowledge to learning of new technologies.