ARM 10.54.5023. BENCHMARK FOR SCIENCE CONTENT STANDARD 2 UPON GRADUATION

(1) The benchmark for science content standard 2 upon graduation is that the student will: (a) describe the structure of atoms, including knowledge of: (i) subatomic particles and their relative masses, charges, and locations within the atom; (ii) the electrical and nuclear forces that hold the atom together; (iii) fission and fusion; and (iv) radioactive decay; (b) explain how the particulate-level structure and properties of matter affect its macroscopic properties, including the effective of: (i) valence electrons on the chemical properties of elements and the resulting periodic trends in these properties; (ii) chemical bonding; (iii) molecular geometry and intermolecular forces; (iv) kinetic molecular theory on phases of matter; and (v) carbon-carbon atom bonding on biomolecules; (c) describe the major features associated with chemical reactions, including: (i) giving examples of reactions important to industry and living organism; (ii) energy changes associated with chemical changes; (iii) classes of chemical reactions; (iv) rates of reactions; and (v) the role of catalysts; (d) identify, measure, calculate, and analyze relationships associated with matter and energy transfer or transformations and the associated conservation of mass; (e) explain the interactions between motions and forces, including: (i) the laws of motion; and (ii) an understanding of the gravitational and electromagnetic forces; (f) explain how energy is stored, transferred, and transformed, including: (i) the conservation of energy; (ii) kinetic and potential energy and energy contained by a field; (iii) heat energy and atomic and molecular motion; and (iv) energy tends to change from concentrated to diffuse; and (g) describe how energy and matter interact, including: (i) waves; (ii) the electromagnetic spectrum; (iii) quantization of energy; and (iv) insulators and conductors.