180 NAC 4B-37. There are no limits established for these radionuclides in Class B or C wastes

37. There are no limits established for these radionuclides in Class B or C wastes. Practical considerations such as the effects of external radiation and internal heat generation on transportation, handling, and disposal will limit the concentrations for these wastes. These wastes shall be Class B unless the concentrations of other radionuclides in Table II determine the waste to be Class C independent of these radionuclides. e) Classification determined by both long- and short-lived radionuclides. If the radioactive waste contains a mixture of radionuclides, some of which are listed in Table I and some of which are listed in Table II, classification must be determined as follows: 1) If the concentration of a radionuclide listed in Table I is less than 0.1 times the value listed in Table I, the class must be that determined by the concentration of radionuclides listed in Table II.2) If the concentration of a radionuclide listed in Table I exceeds 0.1 times the value listed in Table I, but does not exceed the value in Table I, the waste must be Class C, provided the concentration of radionuclides listed in Table II does not exceed the value shown in Column 3 of Table II. f) Classification of wastes with radionuclides other than those listed in Tables I and II. If the waste does not contain any radionuclides listed in either Table I or II, it is Class A.g) The sum of the fractions rule for mixtures of radionuclides. For determining classification for waste that contains a mixture of radionuclides, it is necessary to determine the sum of fractions by dividing each radionuclide's concentration by the appropriate limit and adding the resulting values. The appropriate limits must all be taken from the same column of the same table. The sum of the fractions for the column must be less than 1.0 if the waste class is to be determined by that column. Example: A waste contains Sr-90 in a concentration of 1.85 TBq/m3 (50 Ci/m3) and Cs-137 in a concentration of 814 GBq/m3 (22 Ci/m3). Since the concentrations both exceed the values in Column 1, Table II, they must be compared to Column 2 values. For Sr-90 fraction, 50/150 = 0.33., for Cs-137 fraction, 22/44 = 0.5; the sum of the fractions = 0.83. Since the sum is less than 1.0, the waste is Class B.h) Determination of concentrations in wastes. The concentration of a radionuclide may be determined by indirect methods such as use of scaling factors which relate the inferred concentration of one radionuclide to another that is measured, or radionuclide material accountability, if there is reasonable assurance that the indirect methods can be correlated with actual measurements. The concentration of a radionuclide may be averaged over the volume of the waste, or weight of the waste if the units are expressed as becquerel (nanocurie) per gram. II. Radioactive Waste Characteristics a) The following are minimum requirements for all classes of waste and are intended to facilitate handling and provide protection of health and safety of personnel at the disposal site. 1) Wastes must be packaged in conformance with the conditions of the license issued to the site operator to which the waste will be shipped. Where the conditions of the site license are more restrictive than the provisions of 180 NAC 4, the site license conditions shall govern.2) Wastes must not be packaged for disposal in cardboard or fiberboard boxes.3) Liquid waste must be packaged in sufficient absorbent material to absorb twice the volume of the liquid.4) Solid waste containing liquid must contain as little free-standing and non-corrosive liquid as is reasonably achievable, but in no case shall the liquid exceed 1% of the volume.5) Waste must not be readily capable of detonation or of explosive decomposition or reaction at normal pressures and temperatures, or of explosive reaction with water.6) Waste must not contain, or be capable of generating, quantities of toxic gases, vapors, or fumes harmful to persons transporting, handling, or disposing of the waste. This does not apply to radioactive gaseous waste packaged in accordance with Section II. (a)(8).7) Waste must not be pyrophoric. Pyrophoric materials contained in wastes must be treated, prepared, and packaged to be nonflammable.18) Wastes in a gaseous form shall be packaged at an absolute pressure that does not exceed 1.5 atmospheres at 20µC. Total activity must not exceed 3.7 TBq (100 Ci) per container.9) Wastes containing hazardous, biological, pathogenic, or infectious material must be treated to reduce to the maximum extent practicable the potential hazard from the non- radiological materials. b) The following requirements are intended to provide stability of the waste. Stability is intended to ensure that the waste does not degrade and affect overall stability of the site through slumping, collapse, or other failure of the disposal unit and thereby lead to water infiltration. Stability is also a factor in limiting exposure to an inadvertent intruder, since it provides a recognizable and nondispersible waste. 1) Waste must have structural stability. A structurally stable waste form will generally maintain its physical dimensions and its form, under the expected disposal conditions such as weight of overburden and compaction equipment, the presence of moisture, and microbial activity, and internal factors such as radiation effects and chemical changes. Structural stability can be provided by the waste form itself, processing the waste to a stable form, or placing the waste in a disposal container or structure that provides stability after disposal.2) Notwithstanding the provisions in Section II. (a)(3) and (4), liquid wastes, or wastes containing liquid, must be converted into a form that contains as little free-standing and non-corrosive liquid as is reasonably achievable, but in no case shall the liquid exceed 1% of the volume of the waste when the waste is in a disposal container designed to ensure stability, or 0.5% of the volume of the waste for waste processed to a stable form.3) Void spaces within the waste and between the waste and its package must be reduced to the extent practicable. III. Labeling Each package of waste must be clearly labeled to identify whether it is Class A, Class B, or Class C waste, in accordance with Section I. APPENDIX 4-F QUANTITIES FOR USE WITH DECOMMISSIONING (To convert µCi to kBq, multiply the µCi value by 37.) Material Microcurie Americium-241 0.01 Antimony-122 100 Antimony-124 10 Antimony-125 10 Arsenic-73 100 Arsenic-74 10 Arsenic-76 10 Arsenic-77 100 Barium-131 10 Barium-133 10 Barium-140 10 Bismuth-210 1 Bromine-82 10 Cadmium-109 10 Cadmium-115m 10 Cadmium-115 100 Calcium-45 10 Calcium-47 10 Carbon-14 100 Cerium-141 100 Cerium-143 100 Cerium-144 1 Cesium-131 1,000 Cesium-134m 100 Cesium-134 1 Cesium-135 10 Cesium-136 10 Cesium-137 10 Chlorine-36 10 Chlorine-38 10 Chromium-51 1,000 Cobalt-58m 10 Cobalt-58 10 Cobalt-60 1 Copper-64 100 Dysprosium-165 10 Dysprosium-166 100 Erbium-169 100 Erbium-171 100 Europium-152 (9.2 h) 100 Europium-152 (13 yr) 1 Europium-154 1 Europium-155 10 Florine-18 1,000 Gadolinium-153 10 Gadolinium-159 100 Gallium-72 10 QUANTITIES FOR USE WITH DECOMMISSIONING (To convert µCi to kBq, multiply the µCi value by 37.) Material Microcurie Germanium-71 100 Gold-198 100 Gold-199 100 Hafnium-181 10 Holmium-166 100 Hydrogen-3 1,000 Indium-113m 100 Indium-114m 10 Indium-115m 100 Indium-115 10 Iodine-125 1 Iodine-126 1 Iodine-129 0.1 Iodine-131 1 Iodine-132 10 Iodine-133 1 Iodine-134 10 Iodine-135 10 Iridium-192 10 Gold-198 100 Gold-199 100 Hafnium-181 10 Holmium-166 100 Hydrogen-3 1,000 Indium-113m 100 Indium-114m 10 Indium-115m 100 Indium-115 10 Iodine-125 1 Iodine-126 1 Iodine-129 0.1 Iodine-131 1 Iodine-132 10 Iodine-133 1 Iodine-134 10 Iodine-135 10 Iridium-192 10 Iridium-194 100 Iron-55 100 Iron-59 10 Krypton-85 100 Krypton-87 10 Lanthanum-140 10 Lutetium-177 100 Manganese-52 10 Manganese-54 10 Manganese-56 10 Mercury-197m 100 Mercury-197 100 QUANTITIES FOR USE WITH DECOMMISSIONING (To convert µCi to kBq, multiply the µCi value by 37.) Material Microcurie Mercury-203 10 Molybdenum-99 100 Neodymium-147 100 Neodymium-149 100 Nickel-59 100 Nickel-63 10 Nickel-65 100 Niobium-93m 10 Niobium-95 10 Niobium-97 10 Osmium-185 10 Osmium-191m 100 Osmium-191 100 Osmium-193 100 Palladium-103 100 Palladium-109 100 Phosphorus-32 10 Platinum-191 100 Platinum-193m 100 Platinum-193 100 Platinum-197m 100 Platinum-197 100 Plutonium-239 0.01 Polonium-210 0.1 Molybdenum-99 100 Neodymium-147 100 Neodymium-149 100 Nickel-59 100 Nickel-63 10 Nickel-65 100 Niobium-93m 10 Niobium-95 10 Niobium-97 10 Osmium-185 10 Osmium-191m 100 Osmium-191 100 Osmium-193 100 Palladium-103 100 Palladium-109 100 Phosphorus-32 10 Platinum-191 100 Platinum-193m 100 Platinum-193 100 Platinum-197m 100 Platinum-197 100 Plutonium-239 0.01 Polonium-210 0.1 Potassium-42 10 Praseodymium-142 100 QUANTITIES FOR USE WITH DECOMMISSIONING (To convert µCi to kBq, multiply the µCi value by 37.) Material Microcurie Praseodymium-143 100 Promethium-147 10 Promethium-149 10 Radium-226 0.01 Rhenium-186 100 Rhenium-188 100 Rhodium-103m 100 Rhodium-105 100 Rubidium-86 10 Rubidium-87 10 Ruthenium-97 100 Ruthenium-103 10 Ruthenium-105 10 Ruthenium-106 1 Samarium-151 10 Samarium-153 100 Scandium-46 10 Scandium-47 100 Scandium-48 10 Selenium-75 10 Silicon-31 100 Silver-105 10 Silver-110m 1 Silver-111 100 Sodium-22 1 Sodium-24 10 Strontium-85 10 Strontium-89 1 Strontium-90 0.1 Strontium-91 10 Strontium-92 10 Sulfur-35 100 Tantalum-182 10 Technetium-96 10 Technetium-97m 100 Technetium-97 100 Technetium-99m 100 Technetium-99 10 Tellurium-125m 10 Tellurium-127m 10 Tellurium-127 100 Tellurium-129m 10 Tellurium-129 100 Tellurium-131m 10 Tellurium-132 10 Terbium-160 10 Thallium-200 100 Thallium-201 100 Thallium-202 100 QUANTITIES FOR USE WITH DECOMMISSIONING (To convert µCi to kBq, multiply the µCi value by 37.) Material Microcurie Thallium-204 10 Thorium (natural)1 100 Thulium-170 10 Thulium-171 Tin-113 10 Tin-125 10 Tungsten-181 10 Tungsten-185 10 Tungsten-187 100 Uranium (natural)2 100 Uranium-233 0.01 Uranium-234 0.01 Uranium-235 0.01 Vanadium-48 10 Xenon-131m 1,000 Xenon-133 100 Xenon-135 100 Ytterbium-175 100 Yttrium-90 10 Yttrium-91 10 Yttrium-92 100 Yttrium-93 100 Zinc-65 10 Zinc-69m 100 Zinc-69 1,000 Zirconium-93 10 Zirconium-95 10 Zirconium-97 10 Any alpha emitting radionuclide not listed above or mixtures of alpha emitters of unknown composition 0.01 Any radionuclide other than alpha emitting Radionuclides, not listed above or mixtures of Beta emitters of unknown composition 0.1 Where there is involved a combination of isotopes in known amounts, the limit for the combination should be derived as follows: Determine, for each isotope in the combination, the ratio between the quantity present in the combination and the limit otherwise established for the specific isotope when not in combination. The sum of such ratios for all the isotopes in the combination may not exceed "1" is unity. 1Based on alpha disintegration rate of Th-232, Th-230 and their daughter products. 2Based on alpha disintegration rate of U-238, U-234 and U-235. APPENDIX 4-G CONCENTRATION AND ACTIVITY LIMITS OF NUCLIDES FOR DISPOSAL IN A CITY OR COUNTY LANDFILL DISPOSAL FACILITY (For use in 180 NAC 4-038) Nuclides Concentration Limits (Ci/m3) Annual Generator Disposal Limit (Ci/yr) F-18 3E-1 8 Si-31 1E-2 3E+3 Na-24 9E-4 2E-2 P-32 2 5E+1 P-33 10 3E+2 S-35 9 2E+2 Ar-41 3E-1 8 K-42 2E-2 5E-1 Ca-45 4 1E+2 Ca-47 2E-2 5E-1 Sc-46 2E-3 5E-2 Cr-51 6E-1 2E+1 Fe-59 5E-3 1E-1 Co-57 6E-2 2 Co-58 1E-2 3E-1 Zn-65 7E-3 2E-1 Ga-67 3E-1 8 Se-75 5E-2 1 Br-82 2E-3 5E-2 Rb-86 4E-2 1 Sr-85 2E-2 5E-1 Sr-89 8 2E+2 Y-90 4 1E+2 Y-91 4E-1 10 Zr-95 8E-3 2E-1 Nb-95 8E-3 2E-1 Mo-99 5E-2 1 Tc-99m 1 3E+1 Rh-106 1 3E+1 Ag-110m 2E-3 5E-2 Cd-115m 2E-1 5 In-111 9E-2 2 In-113m 9 2E+2 Sn-113 6E-2 2 Sn-119 2E+1 5E+2 Sb-124 2E-3 5E-2 CONCENTRATION AND ACTIVITY LIMITS OF NUCLIDES FOR DISPOSAL IN A CITY OR COUNTY LANDFILL DISPOSAL FACILITY (For use in 180 NAC 4-038) Nuclides Concentration Limits (Ci/m3) Annual Generator Disposal Limit (Ci/yr) Te-129 2E-1 5 I-123 4E-1 1E+1 I-125 7E-1 2E+1 I-131 4E-2 1 I-133 2E-2 5E-1 Xe-127 8E-2 2 Xe-133 1 3E+1 Ba-140 2E-3 5E-2 La-140 2E-3 5E-2 Ce-141 4E-1 1E+1 Ce-144 1E-3 3E-2 Pr-143 6 2E+2 Nd-147 7E-2 2 Yb-169 6E-2 2 Ir-192 1E-2 3E-1 Au-198 3E-2 8E-1 Hg-197 8E-1 2E+1 TI-201 4E-1 1E+1 Hg-203 1E-1 3 In any case where there is a mixture in waste of more than one radionuclide, the limiting values for purposes of this Appendix must be determined as follows: For each radionuclide in the mixture, calculate the ratio between the quantity present in the mixture and the limit established in Appendix 004-G for the specific radionuclide when not in a mixture. The sum of such ratios for all the radionuclides in the mixture may not exceed "1" or “unity". Examples: If radionuclides a, b, and c are present in concentrations Ca, Cb, and Cc, and if the applicable concentrations are CLa, CLb, and CLc respectively, then the concentrations shall be limited so that the following relationship exists: (Ca/CLa) + (Cb/CLb) + (Cc/CLc) < 1 If the total curies for radionuclides a, b, and c are represented Aa, Ab, and Ac, and the annual curie limit for each radionuclide is ALa, ALb, and ALc, then the generator is limited to the following: (Aa /ALa) + (Ab/AL=) + (Ac/ALc) < 1 APPENDIX 4-H NATIONALLY TRACKED SOURCE THRESHOLDS The Terabecquerel (TBq) values are the regulatory standard. The curie (Ci) values specified are obtained by converting from the TBq value. The curie values are provided for practical usefulness only and are rounded after conversion. Radioactive material Category 1 (TBq) Category 1 (Ci) Category 2 (TBq) Category 2 (Ci) Actinium-227 20 540 0.2 5.4 Americium-241 60 1,600 0.6 16 Americium-241/Be 60 1,600 0.6 16 Californium-252 20 540 0.2 5.4 Cobalt-60 30 810 0.3 8.1 Curium-244 50 1,400 0.5 14 Cesium-137 100 2,700 1.0 27 Gadolinium-153 1,000 27,000 10 270 Iridum-192 80 2,200 0.8 22 Plutonium-238 60 1,600 0.6 16 Plutonium-239/Be 60 1,600 0.6 16 Polonium-210 60 1,600 0.6 16 Promethium-147 40,000 1,100,000 400 11,000 Radium-226 40 1,100 0.4 11 Selenium-75 200 5,400 2 54 Strontium-90 1,000 27,000 10 270 Thorium-228 20 540 0.2 5.4 Thorium-229 20 540 0.2 5.4 Thulium-170 20,000 540,000 200 5,400 Ytterbium-169 300 8,100 3 81