Rule 1-053. Masters.

A. Appointment and compensation. The court in which any action is pending may appoint a special master therein. As used in these rules the word "master" includes a referee, an auditor and an examiner. The compensation to be allowed to a master shall be fixed by the court, and shall be charged upon such of the parties or paid out of any fund or subject matter of the action, which is in the custody and control of the court as the court may direct. The master shall not retain his report as security for his compensation; but when the party ordered to pay the compensation allowed by the court does not pay it after notice and within the time prescribed by the court, the master is entitled to a writ of execution against the delinquent party. B. Reference. A reference to a master shall be the exception and not the rule. In actions to be tried by a jury, a reference shall be made only when the issues are complicated; in actions to be tried without a jury, save in matters of account and of difficult computation of damages, a reference shall be made only upon a showing that some exceptional condition requires it. C. Powers. The order of reference to the master may specify or limit his powers and may direct him to report only upon particular issues or to do or perform particular acts or to receive and report evidence only and may fix the time and place for beginning and closing the hearings and for the filing of the master's report. Subject to the specifications and limitations stated in the order, the master has and shall exercise the power to regulate all proceedings in every hearing before him and to do all acts and take all measures necessary or proper for the efficient performance of his duties under the order. He may require the production before him of evidence upon all matters embraced in the reference, including the production of all books, papers, vouchers, documents and writings applicable thereto. He may rule upon the admissibility of evidence unless otherwise directed by the order of reference and has the authority to put witnesses on oath and may himself examine them and may call the parties to the action and examine them upon oath. When a party so requests, the master shall make a record of the evidence offered and excluded in the same manner and subject to the same limitations as provided in Rule 1-043 NMRA for a court sitting without a jury. D. Proceedings. (1) When a reference is made, the clerk shall forthwith furnish the master with a copy of the order of reference. Upon receipt thereof unless the order of reference otherwise provides, the master shall forthwith set a time and place for the first meeting of the parties or their attorneys to be held within twenty (20) days after the date of the order of reference and shall notify the parties or their attorneys. It is the duty of the master to proceed with all reasonable diligence. Either party, on notice to the parties and master, may apply to the court for an order requiring the master to speed the proceedings and to make his report. If a party fails to appear at the time and place appointed, the master may proceed ex parte or, in his discretion, adjourn the proceedings to a future day, giving notice to the absent party of the adjournment. (2) The parties may procure the attendance of witnesses before the master by the issuance and service of subpoenas as provided in Rule 1-045 NMRA. If without adequate excuse a witness fails to appear or give evidence, he may be punished by the district judge as for a contempt and be subjected to the consequences, penalties and remedies provided in Rules 1-037 and 1-045. (3) When matters of accounting are in issue before the master, he may prescribe the form in which the accounts shall be submitted and in any proper case may require or receive in evidence a statement by a certified public accountant who is called as a witness. Upon objection of a party to any of the items thus submitted or upon a showing that the form of statement is insufficient, the master may require a different form of statement to be furnished, or the accounts or specific items thereof to be proved by oral examination of the accounting parties or upon written interrogatories or in such other manner as he directs. E. Report. (1) The master shall prepare a report upon the matters submitted to him by the order of reference and, if required to make findings of fact and conclusions of law, he shall set them forth in the report. He shall file the report with the clerk of the court and unless waived by the parties he shall file with it a transcript or other authorized recording of the proceedings and of the evidence and the original exhibits. The clerk shall forthwith mail to all parties notice of the filing. (2) In an action to be tried without a jury the court shall accept the master's findings of fact unless clearly erroneous. Within ten (10) days after being served with notice of the filing of the report any party may serve written objections thereto upon the other parties. Application to the court for action upon the report and upon objections thereto shall be by motion and upon notice as prescribed in Paragraph C of Rule 1-006 NMRA. The court after hearing may adopt the report or may modify it or may reject it in whole or in part or may receive further evidence or may recommit it with instructions. (3) In an action to be tried by a jury the master shall make his report as in nonjury actions. His findings upon the issues submitted to him are admissible as evidence of the matters found and may be read to the jury; provided that either party may attack such findings in the same manner and upon the same grounds as in nonjury cases, and also subject to the ruling of the court upon any objections in point of law which may be made to the report. If no objections are made to the findings of the master, then they may be introduced in evidence without submission to the trial court for approval. (4) The effect of a master's report is the same whether or not the parties have consented to the reference; but, when the parties stipulate that a master's findings of fact shall be final, only questions of law arising upon the report shall thereafter be considered. (5) Before filing his report a master may submit a draft thereof to counsel for all parties for the purpose of receiving their suggestions. F. Special masters, commissioners and referees; substitution. Upon application of an interested party, and after notice if directed by the court, showing that a special master, commissioner or referee theretofore appointed is unable for any reason to continue in the performance of his prescribed duties, the court may appoint another as successor. Unless the court shall otherwise order, such successor shall take the proceedings as he finds them, and carry the same on to completion, with all powers of the original master. Without further or other notice, such successor may conduct any sale, notice of which may have been published in the name of such original master.