EMERGENCY SYSTEMS

A. General 700-1. Scope. The provisions of this article apply to the electrical safety of the design, installation, operation, and maintenance of emergency systems consisting of circuits and equipment intended to supply, distribute, and control electricity for illumination or power, or both, to required facilities when the normal electrical supply or system is interrupted. Emergency systems are those systems legally required and classed as emergency by municipal, state, federal, or other codes, or by any governmental agency having jurisdiction. These systems are intended to automatically supply illumination or power, or both, to designated areas and equipment in the event of failure of the normal supply or in the event of accident to elements of a system intended to supply, distribute, and control power and illumination essential for safety to human life. (FPN No. 1): For further information regarding wiring and installation of emergency systems in health care facilities, see Article 517. (FPN No. 2): For further information regarding performance and maintenance of emergency systems in health care facilities, see Health Care Facilities, NFPA 99-1990 (ANSI). (FPN No. 3): Emergency systems are generally installed in places of assembly where artificial illumination is required for safe exiting and for panic control in buildings subject to occupancy by large numbers of persons, such as hotels, theaters, sports arenas, health care facilities, and similar institutions. Emergency systems may also provide power for such functions as ventilation where essential to maintain life, fire detection and alarm systems, elevators, fire pumps, public safety communication systems, industrial processes where current interruption would produce serious life safety or health hazards, and similar functions. (FPN No. 4): For specification of locations where emergency lighting is considered essential to life safety, see Life Safety Code, NFPA 101-1991 (ANSI). (FPN No. 5): For further information regarding performance of emergency and standby power systems, see Emergency and Standby Power Systems, NFPA 110- 1988 (ANSI). 700-2. Application of Other Articles. Except as modified by this article, all applicable articles of this Code shall apply. 700-3. Equipment Approval. All equipment shall be approved for use on emergency systems. 700-4. Tests and Maintenance. (a) Conduct or Witness Test. The authority having jurisdiction shall conduct or witness a test on the complete system upon installation and periodically afterward. 70-724 NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CODE (b) Tested Periodically. Systems shall be tested periodically on a schedule acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction to assure their maintenance in proper operating condition. (c) Battery Systems Maintenance. Where battery systems or unit equipments are involved, including batteries used for starting, control, or ignition in auxiliary engines, the authority having jurisdiction shall require periodic maintenance. (d) Written Record. A written record shall be kept of such tests and maintenance. (e) Testing Under Load. Means for testing all emergency lighting and power systems during maximum anticipated load conditions shall be provided. 700-5. Capacity. (a) Capacity and Rating. An emergency system shall have adequate capacity and rating for all loads to be operated simultaneously. The emergency system equipment shall be suitable for the maximum available fault current at its terminals. (b) Selective Load Pickup, Load Shedding, and Peak Load Shaving. The alternate power source shall be permitted to supply emergency, legally required standby, and optional standby system loads where automatic selective load pickup and load shedding is provided as needed to assure adequate power to (1) the emergency circuits; (2) the legally required standby circuits; and (3) the optional standby circuits, in that order of priority. The alternate power source shall be permitted to be used for peak load shaving, provided the above conditions are met. (FPN): Peak load shaving operation may be acceptable for satisfying the test requirements of Section 700-4(b) where all conditions of Section 700-4 are met. A portable or temporary alternate source shall be available whenever the emergency generator is out of service for major maintenance or repair. 700-6. Transfer Equipment. Transfer equipment, including automatic transfer switches, shall be automatic and identified for emergency use and approved by the authority having jurisdiction. Transfer equipment shall be designed and installed to prevent the inadvertent interconnection of normal and emergency sources of supply in any operation of the transfer equipment. See Section 230-83. Means shall be permitted to bypass and isolate the transfer equipment. Where bypass isolation switches are used, inadvertent parallel operation shall be avoided. 700-7. Signals. Audible and visual signal devices shall be provided, where practicable, for the following purposes: (a) Derangement. To indicate derangement of the emergency source. (b) Carrying Load. To indicate that the battery is carrying load. (c) Not Functioning. To indicate that the battery charger is not functioning. (d) Ground Fault. To indicate a ground fault in solidly grounded wye emergency systems of more than 150 volts to ground and circuit protective ARTICLE 700 - EMERGENCY SYSTEMS 70-725 devices rated 1000 amperes or more. The sensor for the ground-fault signal devices shall be located at, or ahead of, the main system disconnecting means for the emergency source, and the maximum setting of the signal devices shall be for a ground-fault current of 1200 amperes. Instructions on the course of action to be taken in event of indicated ground fault shall be located at or near the sensor location. (FPN): For signals for generator sets, see Emergency and Standby Power Systems, NFPA 110-1988 (ANSI). 700-8. Signs. (a) Emergency Sources. A sign shall be placed at the service entrance equipment indicating type and location of on-site emergency power sources. (b) Grounding. Where the grounded circuit conductor connected to the emergency source is connected to a grounding electrode conductor at a location remote from the emergency source, there shall be a sign at the grounding location that shall identify all emergency and normal sources connected at that location. B. Circuit Wiring 700-9. Wiring, Emergency System. (a) Identification. All boxes, and enclosures (including transfer switches, generators, and power panels) for emergency circuits shall be permanently marked so they will be readily identified as a component of an emergency circuit or system. (b) Wiring. Wiring from emergency source or emergency source distribution overcurrent protection to emergency loads shall be kept entirely independent of all other wiring and equipment and shall not enter the same raceway, cable, box, or cabinet with other wiring. Exception No. 1: In transfer equipment enclosures. Exception No. 2: In exit or emergency lighting fixtures supplied from two sources. Exception No. 3: In a common junction box attached to exit or emergency lighting fixtures supplied from two sources. Exception No. 4: Wiring of two or more emergency circuits supplied from the same source shall be permitted in the same raceway, cable, box, or cabinet. Exception No. 5: In a common junction box attached to a unit equipment, and that contains only the branch circuit supplying the unit equipment and the emergency circuit supplied by the unit equipment. Emergency wiring circuit(s) shall be designed and located to minimize the hazards that might cause failure due to flooding, fire, icing, vandalism, and other adverse conditions. C. Sources of Power 700-12. General Requirements. Current supply shall be such that, in the event of failure of the normal supply to, or within, the building or group of 70-726 NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CODE buildings concerned, emergency lighting, emergency power, or both will be available within the time required for the application but not to exceed 10 seconds. The supply system for emergency purposes, in addition to the normal services to the building and meeting the general requirements of this section, shall be permitted to comprise one or more of the types of systems described in (a) through (e) below. Unit equipment in accordance with Section 700-12(f) shall satisfy the applicable requirements of this article. In selecting an emergency source of power, consideration shall be given to the occupancy and the type of service to be rendered, whether of minimum duration, as for evacuation of a theater, or longer duration, as for supplying emergency power and lighting due to an indefinite period of current failure from trouble either inside or outside the building. Equipment shall be designed and located to minimize the hazards that might cause complete failure due to flooding, fires, icing, and vandalism. (FPN): Assignment of degree of reliability of the recognized emergency supply system depends upon the careful evaluation of the variables at each particular installation. (a) Storage Battery. Storage batteries used as source of power for emergency systems shall be of suitable rating and capacity to supply and maintain the total load for a period of 1½ hours minimum, without the voltage applied to the load falling below 87½ percent of normal. Batteries, whether of the acid or alkali type, shall be designed and constructed to meet the requirements of emergency service and shall be compatible with the charger for that particular installation. For a sealed battery, the container shall not be required to be transparent. However, for the lead acid battery that requires water additions, transparent or translucent jars shall be furnished. Automotive-type batteries shall not be used. An automatic battery charging means shall be provided. (b) Generator Set. (1) A generator set driven by a prime mover acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction and sized in accordance with Section 700-5. Means shall be provided for automatically starting the prime mover on failure of the normal service and for automatic transfer and operation of all required electrical circuits. A time-delay feature permitting a 15-minute setting shall be provided to avoid retransfer in case of short-time reestablishment of the normal source. (2) Where internal combustion engines are used as the prime mover, an on-site fuel supply shall be provided with an on-premise fuel supply sufficient for not less than 2 hours full-demand operation of the system. (3) Prime movers shall not be solely dependent upon a public utility gas system for their fuel supply or municipal water supply for their cooling systems. Means shall be provided for automatically transferring from one fuel supply to another where dual fuel supplies are used. Exception: Where acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction, the use of other than on-site fuels shall be permitted where there is a low probability of a simultaneous failure of both the off-site fuel delivery system and power from the outside electrical utility company. ARTICLE 700 - EMERGENCY SYSTEMS 70-727 (4) Where a storage battery is used for control or signal power, or as the means of starting the prime mover, it shall be suitable for the purpose and shall be equipped. with an automatic charging means independent of the generator set. (5) Generator sets that require more than 10 seconds to develop power are acceptable, provided an auxiliary power supply will energize the emergency system until the generator can pick up the load. (c) Uninterruptible Power Supplies. Uninterruptible power supplies used to provide power for emergency systems shall comply with the applicable provisions of Sections 700-12(a) and (b). (d) Separate Service. Where acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction as suitable for use as an emergency source, a second service shall be permitted. This service shall be in accordance with Article 230, with separate service drop or lateral, widely separated electrically and physically from the normal service to minimize the possibility of simultaneous interruption of supply. (e) Connection Ahead of Service Disconnecting Means. Where acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction as suitable for use as an emergency source, connection ahead of, but not within, the main service disconnecting means shall be permitted. The emergency service shall be sufficiently separated from the normal main service disconnecting means to prevent simultaneous interruption of supply through an occurrence within the building or groups of buildings served. (FPN): See Section 230-82 for equipment permitted on the supply side of a service disconnecting means. (f) Unit Equipment. Individual unit equipment for emergency illumination shall consist of (1) a rechargeable battery; (2) a battery charging means; (3) provisions for one or more lamps mounted on the equipment, or shall be permitted to have terminals for remote lamps, or both; and (4) a relaying device arranged to energize the lamps automatically upon failure of the supply to the unit equipment. The batteries shall be of suitable rating and capacity to supply and maintain at not less than 87½ percent of the nominal battery voltage for the total lamp load associated with the unit for a period of at least 1½ hours, or the unit equipment shall supply and maintain not less than 60 percent of the initial emergency illumination for a period of at least 1½ hours. Storage batteries, whether of the acid or alkali type, shall be designed and constructed to meet the requirements of emergency service. Unit equipment shall be permanently fixed in place (i.e., not portable) and shall have all wiring to each unit installed in accordance with the requirements of any of the wiring methods in Chapter 3. Flexible cord- and plug-connection shall be permitted, provided that the cord does not exceed 3 feet (914 mm) in length. The branch circuit feeding the unit equipment shall be the same branch circuit as that serving the normal lighting in the area and connected ahead of any local switches. The branch circuit feeding unit equipment shall be clearly identified at the distribution panel. Emergency illumination fixtures that obtain power from a unit equipment and are not part of the unit equipment shall be wired to the unit equipment as required by on. Where high-intensity discharge lighting such as high- and low-pressure. sodium, mercury vapor, and metal halide is used as the sole source of normal illumination, the emergency lighting system shall be required to operate until normal illumination has been restored. Exception: Where alternative means have been taken to ensure that the emergency lighting illumination level is maintained. 700-17. Circuits for Emergency Lighting. Branch circuits that supply emergency lighting shall be installed to provide service from a source complying with Section 700-12 when the normal supply for lighting is interrupted. Such installations shall provide either one of the following: (1) an emergency lighting supply, independent of the general lighting supply, with provisions for automatically transferring the emergency lights upon the event of failure of the general lighting system supply, or (2) two or more separate and complete systems with independent power supply, each system providing sufficient current for emergency lighting purposes. Unless both systems are used for regular lighting purposes and are both kept lighted, means shall be provided for automatically energizing either system upon failure of the other. Either or both systems shall be permitted to be a part of the general lighting system of the protected occupancy if circuits supplying lights for emergency illumination are installed in accordance with other sections of this article. 700-18. Circuits for Emergency Power. For branch circuits that supply equipment classed as emergency, there shall be an emergency supply source to which the load will be transferred automatically upon the failure of the normal supply. E. Control - Emergency Lighting Circuits 700-20. Switch Requirements. The switch or switches installed in emergency lighting circuits shall be so arranged that only authorized persons will have control of emergency lighting.