shall be such that, where the fixture is properly installed

without a ground-fault circuit-interrupter, there is no shock hazard with any likely combination of fault conditions during normal use (not relamping). In addition, a ground-fault circuit-interrupter shall be installed in the branch circuit supplying fixtures operating at more than 15 volts, so that there is no shock hazard during relamping. The installation of the groundfault circuit-interrupter shall be such that there is no shock hazard with any likely fault-condition combination that involves a person in a conductive path from any ungrounded part of the branch circuit or the fixture to ground. Compliance with this requirement shall be obtained by the use of an approved underwater lighting fixture and by installation of an approved ground-fault circuit-interrupter in the branch circuit. (2) No lighting fixtures shall be installed for operation on supply circuits over 150 volts between conductors. (3) Lighting fixtures mounted in walls shall be installed with the top of the fixture lens at least 18 inches (457 mm) below the normal water level of the pool. A lighting fixture facing upward shall have the lens adequately guarded to prevent contact by any person. Exception: Lighting fixtures identified for use at a depth of not less than 4 inches (102 mm) below the normal water level of the pool shall be permitted. (4) Fixtures that depend on submersion for safe operation shall be inherently protected against the hazards of overheating when not submerged. (b) Wet-Niche Fixtures. (1) Forming shells shall be installed for the mounting of all wet-niche underwater fixtures and shall be equipped with provisions for conduit entries. Conduit shall extend from the forming shell to a suitable junction box or other enclosure located as provided in Section 680-21. Conduit shall be rigid metal, intermediate metal, or rigid nonmetallic. Metal conduit shall be of brass or other approved corrosion-resistant metal. Where rigid nonmetallic conduit is used, a No. 8 insulated copper conductor shall be installed in this conduit with provisions for terminating in the forming shell, junction box or transformer enclosure, or ground-fault circuit-interrupter enclosure. The termination of the No. 8 conductor in the forming shell shall be covered with, or encapsulated in, a listed potting compound to protect such connection from the possible deteriorating effect of pool water. Metal parts of the fixture and forming shell in contact with the pool water shall be of brass or other approved corrosion-resistant metal. ARTICLE 680 - SWIMMING POOLS, FOUNTAINS 70-701 (2) The end of the flexible-cord jacket and the flexible-cord conductor terminations within a fixture shall be covered with, or encapsulated in, a suitable potting compound to prevent the entry of water into the fixture through the cord or its conductors. In addition, the grounding connection within a fixture shall be similarly treated to protect such connection from the deteriorating effect of pool water in the event of water entry into the fixture. (3) The fixture shall be bonded to and secured to the forming shell by a positive locking device that assures a low-resistance contact and requires a tool to remove the fixture from the forming shell. (c) Dry-Niche Fixtures. A dry-niche lighting fixture shall be provided with (1) provision for drainage of water and (2) means for accommodating one equipment grounding conductor for each conduit entry. Approved rigid metal conduit, intermediate metal conduit, or rigid nonmetallic conduit shall be installed from the fixture to the service equipment or panelboard. A junction box shall not be required but, if used, shall not be required to be elevated or located as specified in Section 680-21(a)(4) if the fixture is specifically identified for the purpose. Exception: Electrical metallic tubing shall be permitted to be used to protect conductors where installed on or within buildings. (d) No-Niche Fixtures. A no-niche fixture shall: (1) Be listed for the purpose. (2) Be installed in accordance with the requirements of Section 680-20(b). Where connection to a forming shell is specified, the connection shall be to the mounting bracket. 680-21. Junction Boxes and Enclosures for Transformers or Ground- Fault Circuit-Interrupters. (a) Junction Boxes. A junction box connected to a conduit that extends directly to a forming shell or mounting bracket of a no-niche fixture shall be: (1) Equipped with threaded hubs or bosses or a nonmetallic hub listed for the purpose; and (2) Of copper, brass, suitable plastic, or other approved corrosionresistant material; and (3) Provided with electrical continuity between every connected metal conduit and the grounding terminals by means of copper, brass, or other approved corrosion-resistant metal that is integral with the box; and (4) Located not less than 4 inches (102 mm), measured from the inside of the bottom of the box, above the ground level, or pool deck, or not less than 8 inches (203 mm) above the maximum pool water level, whichever provides the greatest elevation, and located not less than 4 feet (1.22 m) from the inside wall of the pool, unless separated from the pool by a solid fence, wall, or other permanent barrier. 70-702 NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CODE Exception: On lighting systems of 15 volts or less, a flush deck box shall be permitted provided: a. An approved potting compound is used to fill the box to prevent the entrance of moisture; and b. The flush deck box is located not less than 4 feet (1.22 m) from the inside wall of the pool. (b) Other Enclosures. An enclosure for a transformer, ground-fault circuit-interrupter, or a similar device connected to a conduit that extends directly to a forming shell or mounting bracket of a no-niche fixture shall be: (1) Equipped with threaded hubs or bosses or a nonmetallic hub listed for the purpose; and (2) Provided with an approved seal, such as duct seal at the conduit connection, that prevents circulation of air between the conduit and the enclosures; and (3) Provided with electrical continuity between every connected metal conduit and the grounding terminals by means of copper, brass, or other approved corrosion-resistant metal that is integral with the enclosures; and (4) Located not less than 4 inches (102 mm), measured from the inside bottom of the enclosure, above the ground level or pool deck, or not less than 8 inches (203 mm) above the maximum pool water level, whichever provides the greater elevation, and located not less than 4 feet (1.22 mm) from the inside wall of the pool, unless separated from the pool by a solid fence, wall, or other permanent barrier. (c) Protection. Junction boxes and enclosures mounted above the grade of the finished walkway around the pool shall not be located in the walkway unless afforded additional protection, such as by location under diving boards, adjacent to fixed structures, and the like. (d) Grounding Terminals. Junction boxes, transformer enclosures, and ground-fault circuit-interrupter enclosures connected to a conduit that extends directly to a forming shell or mounting bracket of a no-niche fixture shall be provided with a number of grounding terminals that shall be at least one more than the number of conduit entries. (e) Strain Relief. The termination of a flexible cord of an underwater lighting fixture within a junction box, transformer enclosure, ground-fault circuit-interrupter, or other enclosure shall be provided with a strain relief. 680-22. Bonding. (FPN): It is not the intent of this subsection to require that the No. 8 or larger solid copper bonding conductor be extended or attached to any remote panelboard, service equipment, or any electrode, but only that it be employed to eliminate voltage gradients in the pool area as prescribed. (a) Bonded Parts. The following parts shall be bonded together: (1) All metallic parts of the pool structure, including the reinforcing metal of the pool shell, coping stones, and deck. (2) All forming shells and mounting brackets of a no-niche fixture. (3) All metal fittings within or attached to the pool structure. ARTICLE 680 - SWIMMING POOLS, FOUNTAINS 70-703 (4) Metal parts of electric equipment associated with the pool water circulating system, including pump motors. (5) Metal parts of equipment associated with pool covers, including electric motors. (6) Metal-sheathed cables and raceways, metal piping, and all fixed metal parts that are within 5 feet (1.52 m) horizontally of the inside walls of the pool, and within 12 feet (3.66 m) above the maximum water level of the pool, or any observation stands, towers, or platforms, or from any diving structures, and that are not separated from the pool by a permanent barrier. Exception No. 1: The usual steel tie wires shall be considered suitable for bonding the reinforcing steel together, and welding or special clamping shall not be required. These tie wires shall be made tight. Exception No. 2: Isolated parts that are not over 4 inches (102 mm) in any dimension and do not penetrate into the pool structure more than 1 inch (25.4 mm) shall not require bonding. Exception No. 3: Structural reinforcing steel or the walls of bolted or welded metal pool structures shall be permitted as a common bonding grid for nonelectrical parts where connections can be made in accordance with