Enmienda las Reglas 102 y 405 del Reglamento para el Control de la Contaminación Atmosférica

1.2 Principle. The opacity of particulate matter in stack emissions is continuously monitored by a measurement system based upon the principle of transmissometry. Light having specific spectral characteristics is projected from a lamp through the effluent in the stack or duct, and the intensity of the projected light is measured by a sensor. The projected light is attenuated because of absorption and scattered by the particulate matter in the effluent; the percentage of visible light attenuated is defined as the opacity of the emission. Transparent stack emissions that do not attenuate light will have a transmittance of 100 percent or an opacity of zero percent. Opaque stack emissions that attenuate all of the visible light will have a transmittance of zero percent or an opacity of 100 percent. This specification establishes specific design criteria for the transmissometer system. Any opacity CEMS that is expected to meet this specification is first checked to verify that the design specifications are met. Then, the opacity CEMS is calibrated, installed, and operated for a specified length of time. During this specified time period, the system is evaluated to determine conformance with the established performance specifications. 2.1 Continuous Emission Monitoring System. The total equipment required for the determination of opacity. The system consists of the following major subsystems: 2.1.1 Sample Interface. That portion of CEMS that protects the analyzer from the effects of the stack effluent and aids in keeping the optical surfaces clean. 2.1.2 Analyzer. That portion of the CEMS that senses the pollutant and generates an output that is a function of the opacity. 2.1.3 Data Recorder. That portion of the CEMS that provides a permanent record of the analyzer output in terms of opacity. The data recorder may include automatic data-reduction capabilities. 2.2 Transmissometer. That portion of the CEMS that includes the sample interface and the analyzer. 2.3 Transmittance. The fraction of incident light that is transmitted through an optical medium. 2.4 Opacity. The fraction of incident light that is attenuated by an optical medium. Opacity (Op) and transmittance (Tr) are related by: Op=1 Tr. 25 Optical Density. A logarithmic measure of the amount of incident light attenuated. Optical density (D) is related to the transmittance and opacity as follows: D=10g10 Tr=logio (1-Op). 2.6 Peak Spectral Response. The wavelength of maximum sensitivity of the transmissometer. 2.7 Mean Spectral Response. The wavelength that is the arithmetic mean value of the wavelength distribution for the effective spectral response curve of the transmissometer. 2.8 Angle of View. The angle that contains all of the radiation detected by the photodetector assembly of the analyzer at a level greater than 25 percent of the peak detector response. 2.9 Angle of Projection. The angle that contains all of the radiation projected from the lamp assembly of the analyzer at a level of greater than 2.5 percent of the peak illuminance. 2.10 Span Value. The opacity value at which the CEMS is set to produce the maximum data display output as specified in the applicable subpart. 2.11 Upscale Calibration Value. The opacity value at which a calibration check of the CEMS is performed by simulating an upscale opacity condition as viewed by the receiver. 2. Definitions Pt. 60, App. B, Spec. 1 2.12 Calibration Error. The difference between the opacity values indicated by the CEMS and the known values of a series of calibration attenuators (filters or screens). 2.13 Zero Drift. The difference in the CEMS output readings from the zero calibration value after a stated period of normal continuous operation during which no umscheduled maintenance, repair, or adjustment took place. A calibration value of 10 percent opacity or less may be used in place of the zero calibration value. 2.14 Calibration Drift. The difference in the CEMS output readings from the upscale calibration value after a stated period of normal continuous operation during which no unscheduled maintenance, repair, or adjustment took place. 2.15 Response Time. The amount of time it takes the CEMS to display on the data recorder 95 percent of a step change in opacity. 2.16 Conditioning Period. A period of time (168 hours minimum) during which the CEMS is operated without any unscheduled maintenance, repair, or adjustment prior to initiation of the operational test period. 2.17 Operational Test Period. A period of time (168 hours) during which the CEMS is expected to operate within the established performance specifications without any unscheduled maintenance, repair, or adjustment. 2.18 Path Length. The depth of effluent in the light beam between the receiver and the transmitter of a singlepass transmissometer. or the depth of effluent between the transceiver and reflector of a double-pass transmissometer. Two path lengths are referenced by this specification as follows: 2.18.1 Monitor Path Length. The path length (depth of effluent) at the installed location of the CEMS. 2.18.2 Emission Outlet Path Length. The path length (depth of effluent) at the location where emissions are released to the atmosphere. For noncircular outlets, D₆=(2LW)+(L+W), where L is the length of the outlet and W is the width of the outlet. Note that this definition does not apply to pressure baghouse outlets with multiple stacks, side discharge vents, ridge roof monitors, etc. 3. Apparatus 3.1 Opacity Continuous Emission Monitoring System. Any opacity CEMS that is expected to meet the design and performance specifications in Section 5 and a suitable data recorder, such as an analog strip chart recorder or other suitable device (e.g., digital computer) with an input signal range compatible with the analyzer output. 3.2 Calibration Attenuators. Minimum of three. These attenuators must be optical filters or screens with neutral spectral characteristics selected and calibrated according to the procedures in Sections 7.1.2 and 7.1.3, and of sufficient size to attenuate the entire light beam received by the detector of the transmissometer. 3.3 Upscale Calibration Value Attenuator. An optical filter with neutral spectral characteristics, a screen, or other device that produces an opacity value (corrected for path length. if necessary) that is greater than or equal to the applicable opacity standard but less than or equal to one-half the applicable instrument span value. 3.4 Calibration Spectrophotometer. A laboratory spectrophotometer meeting the following minimum design specifications: Parameter Specification Wavelength range 400-700 nm. Detector angle of view <10°. Accuracy <0.5 percent transmittance, NBS traceable calibration. 4. Installation Specifications Install the CEMS at a location where the opacity measurements are representative of the total emissions from the affected facility. These requirements can be met as follows: 4.1 Measurement Location. Select a measurement 10- cation that is (a) downstream from all particulate control equipment, (b) where condensed water vapor is not present, (c) free of interference from ambient light (applicable only if transmissometer is responsive to ambient light). and (d) accessible in order to permit routine maintenance. Accessibility is an important criterion because easy access for lens cleaning, alignment checks, calibration checks, and blower maintenance will help assure quality data. 4.2 Measurement Path. The primary concern in locating a transmissometer is determining a location of wellmixed stack gas. Two factors contribute to complete mixing of emission gases: turbulence and sufficient mixing time. The criteria listed below define conditions under which well-mixed emissions can be expected. Select a measurement path that passes through a centroidal area equal to 25 percent of the cross section. Additional requirements or modifications must be met for certain locations as follows: 4.2.1 If the location is in a straight vertical section of stack or duct and is less than 4 equivalent diameters downstream from a bend, use a path that is in the plane defined by the upstream bend (see Figure I-1). 4.2.2 If the location is in a straight vertical section of stack or duct and is less than 4 equivalent diameters upstream from a bend, use a path that is in the plane defined by the bend (see Figure 1-2). Pt. 60, App. B, Spec. 1 Insertillus.0035 Pt. 60, App. B, Spec. 1 Insertillus.0038 4.2.3 If the location is in a straight vertical section of stack or duct and is less than 4 diameters downstream and is also less than 1 diameter upstream from a bend, use a path in the plane defined by the upstream bend (see Figure 1-3). 4.2.4 If the location is in a horizontal section of duct and is at least 4 diameters downstream from a vertical bend, use a path in the horizontal plane that is between one-third and one-half the distance up the vertical axis from the bottom of the duct (see Figure 1-4). 4.2.5 If the location is in a horizontal section of duct and is less than 4 diameters downstream from a vertical bend, use a path in the horizontal plane that is between one-half and two-thirds the distance up the vertical axis from the bottom of the duct for upward flow in the vertical section, and is between one-third and one-half the distance up the vertical axis from the bottom of the duct for downward flow (Figure I-5). 4.3 Alternative Locations and Measurement Paths. Other locations and measurement paths may be selected by demonstrating to the Administrator that the average opacity measured at the alternative location or path is equivalent to the opacity as measured at a location meeting the criteria of Sections 4.1 and 4.2. The opacity at the alternative location is considered equivalent if the average value measured at the alternative location is within the range defined by the average measured opacity ±10 percent at the location meeting the installation criteria in