1, install the system at the source and align the

optics, i.e., align the light beam from the transmissometer upon the optical surface located across the duct or stack Pt. 60, App. B, Spec. 1 in accordance with the manufacturer's instruction. Verify the alignment with the optical alignment sight. The zero alignment conducted in this manner must be verified and adjusted, if necessary, the first time a clear stack condition is obtained after the operation test period has been completed. 7.3 Conditioning Period. After completing the preliminary field adjustments (Section 7.2). operate the CEMS according to the manufacturer's instructions for an initial conditioning period of not less than 168 hours while the source is operating. Except during times of instrument zero and upscale calibration checks, the CEMS must analyze the effluent gas for opacity and produce a permanent record of the CEMS output. During this conditioning period there must be no unscheduled maintenance, repair, or adjustment. Conduct daily zero calibration and upscale calibration checks; and, when accumulated drift exceeds the daily operating limits, make adjustments and clean the exposed optical surfaces. The data recorder must reflect these checks and adjustments. At the end of the operational test period, verify that the instrument optical alignment is correct. If the conditioning period is interrupted because of source breakdown (record the dates and times of process shutdown). continue the 168-hour period following resumption of source operation. If the conditioning period is interrupted because of monitor failure, restart the 168-hour conditioning period when the monitor becomes operational. 7.4 Operational Test Period. After completing the conditioning period, operate the system for an additional 168-hour period. The 168-hour operational test period need not follow immediately after the 168-hour conditioning period. Except during times of instrument zero and upscale calibration checks, the CEMS must analyze the effluent gas for opacity and must produce a permanent record of the CEMS output. During this period, there will be no unscheduled maintenance, repair, or adjustment. Zero and calibration adjustments, optical surface cleaning, and optical realignment may be performed (optional) only at 24-hour intervals or at such shorter intervals as the manufacturer's written instructions specify. Automatic zero and calibration adjustments made by the CEMS without operator intervention or initiation are allowable at any time. During the operational test period, record all adjustments, realignments, and lens cleanings. If the operational test period is interrupted because of source breakdown, continue the 168-hour period following resumption of source operation. If the test period is interrupted because of monitor failure, restart the 168-hour period when the monitor becomes operational. During the operational test period, perform the following test procedures: 7.4.1 Zero Drift Test. At the outset of the 168-hour operational test period, record the initial simulated zero (or no greater than 10 percent) and upscale opacity readings (see example Figure I-8). After each 24-hour interval. check and record the final zero reading before any optional or required cleaning and adjustment. Zero and upscale calibration adjustments, optical surface cleaning, and optical realignment may be performed only at 24- hour intervals (or at such shorter intervals as the manufacturer's written instructions specify), but are optional. However, adjustments and cleaning must be performed when the accumulated zero calibration or upscale calibration drift exceeds the 24-hour drift specification (+2 percent opacity). If no adjustments are made after the zero check, record the final zero reading as the initial zero reading for the next 24-hour period. If adjustments are made, record the zero value after adjustment as the initial zero value for the next 24-hour period. If the instrument has an automatic zero compensation feature for dirt accumulation on exposed lenses and the zero value cannot be measured before compensation is entered, then record the amount of automatic zero compensation (as opacity) for the final zero reading of each 24-hour period. (List the indicated zero values of the CEMS in parenthesis.) From the initial and final zero readings, calculate the zero drift for each 24-hour period. Then calculate the arithmetic mean. standard deviation, and confidence coefficient of the 24-hour zero drift and the 95 percent confidence interval using Equations 1-2. 1-3, and I-4. Calculate the sum of the absolute value of the mean and the absolute value of the confidence coefficient. and report this value as the 24-hour zero drift. Pt. 60, App. B, Spec. 1 Insert illus. 0059 Pt. 60, App. B, Spec. 1 7.4.2 Upscale Drift Test. At each 24-hour interval, after the zero calibration value has been checked and any optional or required adjustments have been made, check and record the simulated upscale calibration value. If no further adjustments are made to the calibration system at this time, record the final upscale calibration value as the initial upscale value for the next 24-hour period. If an instrument span adjustment is made, record the upscale value after adjustment as the initial upscale value for the next 24-hour period. From the initial and final upscale readings, calculate the upscale calibration drift for each 24-hour period. Then calculate the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and confidence coefficient of the 24- hour calibration drift and the 95 percent confidence interval using Equations 1-2, 1-3, and 1-4. Calculate the sum of the absolute value of the mean and the absolute value of the confidence coefficient, and report this value as the 24-hour calibration drift. 8. Equations 8.1 Arithmetic Mean. Calculate the mean, x, of a set of data as follows: insertillus0062A where: n=Number of data points. n E x,=Algebraic sum of the individual measurements X₁. i=1 8.2 Standard Deviation. Calculate the standard deviation Sa as follows: insertillus0082C 8.3 Confidence Coefficient. Calculate the 2.5 percent error confidence coefficient (one-tailed), CC. as follows: insertillus0082D Where: 0.975=t-value (see Table 1-3). 8.4 Error. Calculate the error (i.e., calibration error, zero drift, and calibration drift), Er, as follows: insertillus0062E TABLE 1-3-t-VALUES n° 0.975 nº 0.975 n* 0.975 2 12.708 7 2.447 12 2.201 3 4.303 8 2.365 13 2.179 4 3.182 9 2.306 14 2.160 5 2.776 10 2.262 15 2.145 6 2.571 11 2.228 16 2.131 The values in this table are already corrected for n-1 degrees of freedom. Use n equal to the number of individual values. 8.5 Conversion of Opacity Values from Monitor Path Length to Emission Outlet Path Length. When the monitor path length is different than the emission outlet path length, use either of the following equations to convert from one basis to the other (this conversion may be automatically calculated by the monitoring system): log(1-Op₂)=(L₂/L₁) log (1-Op1) (Eq. 1-6) D₂=(L₂/L₁) D₁ (Eq. 1-7) Where: Op, - Opacity of the effluent based upon L1. Op₂ = Opacity of the effluent based upon L 2. L₁ - Monitor path length. L₂ = Emission outlet path length. D, = Optical density of the effluent based upon L 1. D₂ = Optical density of the effluent based upon L₂. 9. Reporting Report the following (summarize in tabular form where appropriate). 9.1 General Information. a. Facility being monitored. b. Person(s) responsible for operational and conditioning test periods and affiliation. c. Instrument manufacturer. d. Instrument model number e. Instrument serial number. f. Month/year manufactured. 8. Schematic of monitoring system measurement path location. h. Monitor pathlength, meters. i. Emission outlet pathlength. meters. j. System span value, percent opacity. k. Upscale calibration value, percent opacity. 1. Calibrated Attenuator values (low, mid, and high range). percent opacity. 9.2 Design Specification Test Results. a. Peak spectral response, nm. b. Mean spectral response, nm. c. Response above 700 nm, percent of peak. d. Response below 400 nm, percent of peak. c. Total angle of view, degrees. f. Total angle of projection, degrees. g. Results of optical alignment sight test. h. Serial number, month/year of manufacturer for unit actually tested to show design conformance. 9.3 Performance Specification Test Results. a. Calibration error, high-range, percent opacity. b. Calibration error, mid-range, percent opacity. c. Calibration error, low-range, percent opacity. d. Response time, seconds. c. 24-hour zero drift, percent opacity. f. 24-hour calibration drift, percent opacity. & Lens cleanings, clock time. h. Optical alignment adjustments, clock time. 9.4 Statements. Provide a statement that the conditioning and operational test periods were completed according to the requirements of Sections 7.3 and 7.4. In this statement. include the time periods during which the conditioning and operational test periods were conducted. 9.5 Appendix. Provide the data tabulations and calculations for the above tabulated results. 10. Retest If the CEMS operates within the specified performance parameters of Table I-1. the PS tests will be successfully Pt. 60, App. B, Spec. 2 concluded. If the CEMS fails one of the preliminary tests, make the necessary corrections and repeat the performance testing for the failed specification prior to conducting the operational test period. If the CEMS fails to meet the specifications for the operational test period, make the necessary corrections and repeat the operational test period: depending on the correction made, it may be necessary to repeat the design and preliminary performance tests. 1. Experimental Statistics. Department of Commerce. National Bureau of Standards Handbook 91. Paragraph 3- 3.1.4 1963. pp. 3-31. 12. Performance Specifications for Stationary-Source Monitoring Systems for Gases and Visible Emissions. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Research Triangle Park, NC. EPA-650/2-74-013. January 1974. 11. Bibliography PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION 2-SPECIFICATIONS AND TEST PROCEDURES FOR SO2 AND NO. CONTINUOUS EMISSION MONITORING SYSTEMS IN STATIONARY SOURCES 1. Applicability and Principle 1.1 Applicability. This specification is to be used for evaluating the acceptability of SO₂ and NO. continuous emission monitoring systems (CEMS's) at the time of or soon after installation and whenever specified in the regulations. The CEMS may include, for certain stationary sources, a diluent (O2 or CO₂ ) monitor. This specification is not designed to evaluate the installed CEMS performance over an extended period of time nor does it identify specific calibration techniques and other auxiliary procedures to assess the CEMS performance. The source owner or operator, however, is responsible to properly calibrate, maintain, and operate the CEMS. To evaluate the CEMS performance, the Administrator may require, under Section 114 of the Act, the operator to conduct CEMS performance evaluations at other times besides the initial test. See § 60.13(c). 1.2 Principle. Installation and measurement location specifications. performance and equipment specifications. test procedures, and data reduction procedures are included in this specification. Reference method tests and calibration drift tests are conducted to determined conformance of the CEMS with the specification. 2. Definitions 2.1 Continuous Emission Monitoring System. The total equipment required for the determination of a gas concentration or emission rate. The system consists of the following major subsystems: 2.1.1 Sample Interface. That portion of the CEMS used for one or more of the following: sample acquisition, sample transportation, and sample conditioning, or protection of the monitor from the effects of the stack effluent. 2.1.2 Pollutant Analyzer. That portion of the CEMS that senses the pollutant gas and generates an output proportional to the gas concentration. 2.1.3 Diluent Analyzer (if applicable). That portion of the CEMS that senses the diluent gas (e.g., CO₂ or O₂) and generates an output proportional to the gas concentration. 2.1.4 Data Recorder. That portion of the CEMS that provides a permanent record of the analyzer output. The data recorder may include automatic data reduction capabilities. 2.2 Point CEMS. A CEMS that measures the gas concentration either at a single point or along a path equal to or less than 10 percent of the equivalent diameter of the stack or duct cross section. 2.3 Path CEMS. A CEMS that measures the gas concentration along a path greater than 10 percent of the equivalent diameter of the stack or duct cross section. 2.4 Span Value. The upper limit of a gas concentration measurement range specified for affected source categories in the applicable subpart of the regulations. 2.5 Relative Accuracy (RA). The absolute mean difference between the gas concentration or emission rate determined by the CEMS and the value determined by the RM's plus the 2.5 percent error confidence coefficient of a series of tests divided by the mean of the RM tests or the applicable emission limit. 2.6 Calibration Drift (CD). The difference in the CEMS output readings from the established reference value after a stated period of operation during which no unscheduled maintenance, repair, or adjustment took place. 27 Centroidal Area. A concentric area that is geometrically similar to the stack or duct cross section and is no greater than 1 percent of the stack or duct crosssectional area. 2.8 Representative Results. As defined by the RM test procedure outlined in this specification. 3. Installation and Measurement Location Specifications 3.1 The CEMS Installation and Measurement Location. Install the CEMS at an accessible location where the pollutant concentration or emission rate measurements are directly representative or can be corrected so as to be representative of the total emissions from the affected facility or at the measurement location cross section. Then select representative measurement points or paths for monitoring in locations that the CEMS will pass the RA test (see Section 7). If the cause of failure to meet the RA test is determined to be the measurement location and a satisfactory correction technique cannot be established, the Administrator may require the CEMS to be relocated. Suggested measurement locations and points or paths that are most likely to provide data that will meet the RA requirements are listed below. 3.1.1 Measurement Location. It is suggested that the measurement location be (1) at least two equivalent diameters downstream from the nearest control device, the point of pollutant generation, or other point at which a change in the pollutant concentration or emission rate may occur and (2) at least a half equivalent diameter upstream from the effluent exhaust or control device. 3.1.2 Point CEMS. It is suggested that the measurement point be (1) no less than 1.0 meter from the stack or duct wall or (2) within or centrally located over the centroidal area of the stack or duct cross section. 3.1.3 Path CEMS. It is suggested that the effective measurement path (1) be totally within the inner area bounded by a line 1.0 meter from the stack or duct wall, or (2) have at least 70 percent of the path within the inner 50 percent of the stack or duct cross-sectional area, or (3) be centrally located over any part of the centroidal area. 3.2 Reference Method (RM) Measurement Location and Traverse Points. Select, as appropriate. an accessible RM measurement point at least two equivalent diameters downstream from the nearest control device, the point of pollutant generation, or other point at which a change in the pollutant concentration or emission rate may occur. and at least a half equivalent diameter upstream from the effluent exhaust or control device. When pollutant concentration changes are due solely to diluent leakage (e.g., air heater leakages) and pollutants and diluents are simultaneously measured at the same location, a half diameter may be used in lieu of two equivalent diameters. The CEMS and RM locations need not be the same. Then select traverse points that assure acquisition of representative samples over the stack or duct cross section. The minimum requirements are as follows: Establish a "measurement line" that passes through the centroidal area and in the direction of any expected stratification. If this line interferes with the CEMS measurements, displace the line up to 30 cm (or 5 percent of the equivalent diameter of the cross section, whichever is less) from the centroidal area. Locate three traverse points at 16.7, 50.0, and 83.3 percent of the measurement line. If the measurement line is longer than 2.4 meters and pollutant stratification is not expected, the tester may choose to locate the three traverse points on the line at 0.4, 1.2, and 2.0 meters from the stack or duct wall. This option must not be used after wet scrubbers or at points where two streams with different pollutant concentrations are combined. The tester may select other traverse points, provided that they can be shown to the satisfaction of the Administrator to provide a representative sample over the stack or duct cross section. Conduct all necessary RM tests within 3 cm (but no less than 3 cm from the stack or duct wall) of the traverse points. 4. Performance and Equipment Specifications 4.1 Data Recorder Scale. The CEMS data recorder response range must include zero and a high-level value. The high-level value is chosen by the source owner or operator and is defined as follows: For a CEMS intended to measure an uncontrolled emission (e.g., SO₂ measurements at the inlet of a flue gas desulfirization unit), the high-level value must be between 1.25 and 2 times the average potential emission level, unless otherwise specified in an applicable subpart of the regulations. For a CEMS installed to measure controlled emissions or emissions that are in compliance with an applicable regulation, the high-level value must be between 1.5 times the pollutant concentration corresponding to the emission standard level and the span value. If a lower high-level value is used, the source must have the capability of measuring emissions which exceed the fullscale limit of the CEMS in accordance with the requirements of applicable regulations. The data recorder output must be established so that the high-level value is read between 90 and 100 percent of the data recorder full scale. (This scale requirement may not be applicable to digital data recorders.) The calibration gas, optical filter, or cell values used to establish the data recorder scale should produce the zero and high-level values. Alternatively, a calibration gas, optical filter, or cell value between 50 and 100 percent of the high-level value may be used in place of the high-level value provided the data recorder full-scale requirements as described above are met. The CEMS design must also allow the determination of calibration drift at the zero and high-level values. If this is not possible or practical. the design must allow these determinations to be conducted at a low-level value (zero to 20 percent of the high-level value) and at a value between 50 and 100 percent of the high-level value. In special cases, if not already approved, the Administrator may approve a single-point calibration-drift determination. 4.2 Calibration Drift. The CEMS calibration must not drift or deviate from the reference value of the gas cylinder, gas cell, or optical filter by more than 2.5 percent of the span value. If the CEMS includes pollutant and diluent monitors, the calibration drift must be determined separately for each in terms of concentrations (see PS 3 for the diluent specifications). 4.3 The CEMS RA. The RA of the CEMS must be no greater than 20 percent of the mean value of the RM test data in terms of the units of the emission standard or 10 percent of the applicable standard, whichever is greater. For SO₂ emission standards between 130 and 86 ng/ J (0.30 and 0.20 lb/million Btu). use 15 percent of the applicable standard; below 86 ng/J (0.20 Ib/million Btu). use 20 percent of emission standard. 5. Performance Specification Test Procedure 5.1 Pretest Preparation. Install the CEMS, prepare the RM test site according to the specifications in Section 3. and prepare the CEMS for operation according to the manufacturer's written instructions. 5.2 Calibration Drift Test Period. While the affected facility is operating at more than 50 percent of normal load, or as specified in an applicable subpart, determine the magnitude of the calibration drift (CD) once each day (at 24-hour intervals) for 7 consecutive days according to the procedure given in Section 6. To meet the requirement of Section 4.2, none of the CD's must exceed the specification. 5.3 RA Test Period. Conduct the RA test according to the procedure given in Section 7 while the affected facility is operating at more than 50 percent or normal load, or as specified in an applicable subpart. To meet the specifications, the RA must be equal to or less than 20 percent of the mean value of the RM test data in terms of the units of the emission standard or 10 percent of the applicable standard, whichever is greater. For instruments that use common components to measure more than one effluent gas constituent, all channels must simultaneously pass the RA requirement, unless it can be demonstrated that any adjustments made to one channel did not affect the others. The RA test may be conducted during the CD test period. 6. The CEMS Calibration Drift Test Procedure The CD measurement is to verify the ability of the CEMS to conform to the established CEMS calibration used for determining the emission concentration or emission rate. Therefore, if periodic automatic or manual adjustments are made to the CEMS zero and calibration settings, conduct the CD test immediately before these adjustments, or conduct it in such a way that the CD can be determined. Conduct the CD test at the two points specified in Section 4.1. Introduce to the CEMS the reference gases, gas cells, or optical filters (these need not be certified). Record the CEMS response and subtract this value from the reference value (see example data sheet in Figure 2- 1). 7. Relative Accuracy Test Procedure 7.1 Sampling Strategy for RM Tests. Conduct the RM tests in such a way that they will yield results representative of the emissions from the source and can be correlated to the CEMS data. Although it is preferable to Pt. 60, App. B, Spec. 2 conduct the diluent (if applicable), moisture (if needed). and pollutant measurements simultaneously, the diluent and moisture measurements that are taken within a 30- to 60-minute period, which includes the pollutant measurements, may be used to calculate dry pollutant concentration and emission rate. In order to correlate the CEMS and RM data properly. mark the beginning and end of each RM test period of each run (including the exact time of the day) on the CEMS chart recordings or other permanent record of output. Use the following strategies for the RM tests: 7.1.1 For integrated samples, e.g., Method 6 and Method 4, make a sample traverse of at least 21 minutes, sampling for 7 minutes at each traverse point. 7.1.2 For grab samples, e.g., Method 7. take one sample at each traverse point, scheduling the grab samples so that they are taken simultaneously (within a 3-minute period) or are an equal interval of time apart over a 21- minute (or less) period. A test run for grab samples must be made up of at least three separate measurements. NOTE: At times, CEMS RA tests are conducted during new source performance standards performance tests. In these cases, RM results obtained during CEMS RA tests may be used to determine compliance as long as the source and test conditions are consistent with the applicable regulations. 7.2 Correlation of RM and CEMS Data. Correlate the CEMS and the RM test data as to the time and duration by first determining from the CEMS final output (the one used for reporting) the Integrated average pollutant concentration or emission rate for each pollutant RM test period. Consider system response time, if important, and confirm that the pair of results are on B consistent moisture, temperature, and diluent concentration basis. Then, compare each integrated CEMS value against the corresponding average RM value. Use the following guidelines to make these comparisons. 7.2.1 If the RM has an integrated sampling technique, make a direct comparison of the RM results and CEMS integrated average value. 7.2.2 If the RM has a grab sampling technique, first average the results from all grab samples taken during the test run and then compare this average value against the integrated value obtained from the CEMS chart recording or output during the run. If the pollutant concentration is varying with time over the run, the tester may choose to use the arithmetic average of the CEMS value recorded at the time of each grab sample. 7.3 Number of RM Tests. Conduct a minimum of nine sets of all necessary RM tests. Conduct each set within a period of 30 to 60 minutes. NOTE: The tester may choose to perform more than nine sets of RM tests. If this option is chosen, the tester may, at his discretion, reject a maximum of three sets of the test results so long as the total number of test results used to determine the RA is greater than or equal to nine, but he must report all data including the rejected data. 7.4 Reference Methods. Unless otherwise specified in an applicable subpart of the regulations, Methods 3B. 4. 6, and 7, or their approved alternatives, are the reference methods for diluent (O₂ and CO2). moisture, SO2. and NO., respectively. 7.5 Calculations. Summarize the results on a data sheet. An example is shown in Figure 2-2. Calculate the mean of the RM values. Calculate the arithmetic differences between the RM and the CEMS output sets. Then calculate the mean of the difference, standard deviation, confidence coefficient, and CEMS RA, using Equations 2-1, 2-2, 2-3, and 2-4. 8. Equations 8.1 Arithmetic Mean. Calculate the arithmetic mean of the difference, d, of a data set as follows: Insertitlus.1A Where: n=Number of data points. Insertillus.2A When the mean of the differences of pairs of data is calculated, be sure to correct the data for moisture, if applicable. 8.2 Standard Deviation. Calculate the standard deviation, Sd. as follows: Insertillus.3A 8.3 Confidence Coefficient. Calculate the 2.5 percent error confidence coefficient (one-tailed). CC, as follows: Insertillus.4A Where: to.975=t-value (see Table 2-1) TABLE 2-1-t-VALUES na la975 n* 10.975 E 10.975 2 12.706 7 2.447 12 2.201 3 4.303 B 2.365 13 2.179 4 3.182 9 2.308 14 2.160 6 2.778 10 2.262 15 2.145 6 2.571 11 2.228 16 2.131 The values in this table are already corrected for n-1 degrees of freedom. Use n equal to the number of individual valuss. 8.4 Relative Accuracy. Calculate the RA of a set of data as follows: Insertillus.5A Where: d|=Absolute value of the mean of differences (from Equation 2-1). [CC]=Absolute value of the confidence coefficient (from Equation 2-3). RM=Average RM value or applicable standard. 9. Reporting At a minimum (check with the appropriate regional office, or State, or local agency for additional requirements, if any) summarize in tabular form the results of the CD tests and the relative accuracy tests or alternative RA procedure as appropriate. Include all date sheets, calculations, charts (records of CEMS responses), cylinder gas concentration certifications, and calibration cell response certifications (if applicable). necessary to substantiate that the performance of the CEMS met the performance specifications. 10. Alternative Procedures 10.1 Alternative to Relative Accuracy Procedure in section 7. Paragraphs 60.13(j) (1) and (2) contain criteria for which the reference method relative accuracy may be waived and the following procedure substituted. 10.1.1 Conduct a complete CEMS status check following the manufacturer's written instructions. The check should include operation of the light source, signal receiver, timing mechanism functions, data acquisition and data reduction functions, data recorders, mechanically operated functions (mirror movements, zero pipe operation, calibration gas valve operations, etc.), sample filters, sample line heaters, moisture traps, and other related functions of the CEMS, as applicable. All parts of the CEMS shall be functioning properly before proceeding to the alternative RA procedure. 10.1.2 Challenge each monitor (both pollutant and diluent, if applicable) with cylinder gases of known concentrations or calibration cells that produce known responses at two measurement points within the following ranges: MEASUREMENT RANGE Measurement Pollutant Diluent monitor for point monitor CO2 O₂ 1 20-30 per- 5-8 percent 4-6 percent cent of by volume. by volume. span value. 2 50-60 per- 10-14 per- 8-12 percent cent of cent by by volume. span value. volume. Use a separate cylinder gas or calibration cell for measurement points 1 and 2. Challenge the CEMS and record the responses three times at each measurement point. Do not dilute gas from a cylinder when challenging the CEMS. Use the average of the three responses in determining relative accuracy. Operate each monitor in its normal sampling mode as nearly as possible. When using cylinder gases. pass the cylinder gas through all filters, scrubbers, conditioners, and other monitor components used during normal sampling and as much of the sampling probe as practical. When using calibration cells, the CEMS components used in the normal sampling mode should not be by-passed during the RA determination. These include light sources, lenses, detectors, and reference cells. The CEMS should be challenged at each measurement point for a sufficient period of time to assure adsorption-desorption reactions on the CEMS surfaces have stabilized. Use cylinder gases that have been certified by comparison to National Bureau of Standards (NBS) gaseous standard reference material (SRM) or NBS/EPA-approved gas manufacturer's certified reference material (CRM) (See Citation 2 in the Bibliography) following EPA traceability protocol Number 1 (See Citation 3 in the Bibliography). As an alternative to protocol Number I gases, CRM's may be used directly as alternative RA cylinder gases. A list of gas manufacturers that have prepared approved CRM's is available from EPA at the address shown in Citation 2. Procedures for preparation of CRM are described in Citation 2. Use calibration cells certified by the manufacturer to produce a known response in the CEMS. The cell certification procedure shall include determination of CEMS response produced by the calibration cell in direct comparison with measurement of gases of known concentration. This can be accomplished using SRM or CRM gases in a laboratory source simulator or through extended tests using reference methods at the CEMS location in the exhaust stack. These procedures are discussed in Citation 4 in the Bibliography. The calibration cell certification procedure is subject to approval of the Administrator. 10.1.3 The differences between the known concentrations of the cylinder gases and the concentrations indicated by the CEMS are used to assess the accuracy of the CEMS. The calculations and limits of acceptable relative accuracy (RA) are as follows: (a) For pollutant CEMS: d RA- , x100 ≤15 percent AC Where: d=Difference between response and the known concentration/response. AC=The known concentration/response of the cylinder gas or calibration cell. (b) For diluent CEMS: RA=[d] â 0.7 percent O₂ or CO2, as applicable. NOTE: Waiver of the relative accuracy test in favor of the alternative RA procedure does not preclude the requirements to complete the calibration drift (CD) tests nor any other requirements specified in the applicable regulation(s) for reporting CEMS data and performing CEMS drift checks or audits. Pt. 60, App. B, Spec. 2 insertillus.0496 Insert illus. 497 Pt. 60, App. B, Spec. 3 11. Bibliography 1. Department of Commerce. Experimental Statistics. Handbook 91. Washington, DC, p. 3-31, paragraphs 3- 3.1.4. 2. "A Procedure for Establishing Traceability of Gas Mixtures to Certain National Bureau of Standards Standard Reference Materials." Joint publication by NBS and EPA. EPA-600/7-81-010. Available from U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Quality Assurance Division (MD-77). Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. 3. "Traceability Protocol for Establishing True Concentrations of Gases Used for Calibration and Audits of Continuous Source Emission Monitors. (Protocol Number 1)." June 1978. Protocol Number 1 is included in the Quality Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement Systems, Volume III, Stationary Source Specific Methods. EPA-600/4-77-027b. August 1977. Volume III is available from the U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development Publications, 26 West St. Clair Street, Cincinnati, OH 45268. 4. "Gaseous Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems-Performance Specification Guidelines for SO₂. NO., CO2, O2. and TRS." EPA-450/3-82-026. Available from U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Emission Standards and Engineering Division (MD-19). Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION 3-SPECIFICATIONS AND TEST PROCEDURES FOR O₂ AND CO₂ CONTINUOUS EMISSION MONITORING SYSTEMS IN STATIONARY SOURCES 1. Applicability and Principle 1.1 Applicability. This specification is to be used for evaluating acceptability of O₂ and CO₂ continuous emission monitoring systems (CEM's) at the time of or soon after installation and whenever specified in an applicable subpart of the regulations. The specification applies to O₂ or CO₂ monitors that are not included under Performance Specification 2 (PS 2). This specification is not designed to evaluate the installed CEMS performance over an extended period of time, nor does it identify specific calibration techniques and other auxiliary procedures to assess the CEMS performance. The source owner or operator, however, is responsible to calibrate, maintain, and operate the CEMS properly. To evaluate the CEMS performance, the Administrator may require. under Section 114 of the Act. the opcrator to conduct CEMS performance evaluations in addition to the initial test. See Section 60.13(c). The definitions, installation and measurement location specifications, test procedures, data reduction procedures, reporting requirements, and bibliography are the same as in PS 2, Sections 2. 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, and 10, and also apply to O₂ and CO2 CEMS's under this specification. The performance and equipment specifications and the relative accuracy (RA) test procedures for O₂ and CO₂ CEMS do not differ from those for SO₂ and NO. CEMS. except as noted below. 1.2 Principle. Reference method (RM) tests and calibration drift tests are conducted to determine conformance of the CEMS with the specification. 2. Performance and Equipment Specifications 2.1 Instrument Zero and Span. This specification is the same as Section 4.1 of PS 2. 2.2 Calibration Drift. The CEMS calibration must not drift by more than 0.5 percent O₂ or CO2 from the reference value of the gas, gas cell, or optical filter. 2.3 The CEMS RA. The RA of the CEMS must be no greater than 20 percent of the mean value of the RM test data or 1.0 percent O₂ or CO2 whichever is greater. 3. Relative Accuracy Test Procedure 3.1 Sampling Strategy for RM Tests, Correlation of RM and CEMS Data, Number of RM Tests, and Calculations. This is the same as PS 2. Sections 7.1. 7.2, 7.3, and 7.5, respectively. 3.2 Reference Method. Unless otherwise specified in an applicable subpart of the regulations, Method 3B of appendix A or any approved alternative is the RM for O₂ or CO2 PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION 4-SPECIFICATIONS AND TEST PROCEDURES FOR CARBON MONOXIDE CON- TINUOUS EMISSION MONITORING SYSTEMS IN STA- TIONARY SOURCES 1. Applicability and Principle 1.1 Applicability. This specification is to be used for evaluating the acceptability of carbon monoxide (CO) continuous emission monitoring systems (CEMS) at the time of or soon after installation and whenever specified in an applicable subpart of the regulations. This specification is not designed to evaluate the installed CEMS performance over an extended period of time nor does it identify specific calibration techniques and other auxiliary procedures to assess CEMS performance. The source owner or operator, however, is responsible to calibrate, maintain, and operate the CEMS. To evaluate CEMS performance, the Administrator may require, under section 114 of the Act, the source owner or operator to conduct CEMS performance evaluations at other times besides the initial test. See (60.13(c). The definitions, installation specifications, test procedures, data reduction procedures for determining calibration drifts (CD) and relative accuracy (RA), and reporting of Performance Specification 2 (PS 2), Sections 2, 3, 5, 6. 8. and 9 apply to this specification. 1.2 Principle. Reference method (RM), CD, and RA tests are conducted to determine that the CEMS conforms to the specification. 2. Performance and Equipment Specifications 2.1 Instrument Zero and Span. This specification is the same as Section 4.1 of PS 2. 2.2 Calibration Drift. The CEMS calibration must not drift or deviate from the reference value of the calibration gas, gas cell, or optical filter by more than 5 percent of the established span value for 6 out of 7 test days (e.g., the established span value is 1000 ppm for subpart J affected facilities). 2.3 Relative Accuracy. The RA of the CEMS shall be no greater than 10 percent of the mean value of the RM test data in terms of the units of the emission standard or 5 percent of the applicable standard, whichever is greater. 3. Relative Accuracy Test Procedure 3.1 Sampling Strategy for RM Tests, Correlation of RM and CEMS Data. Number of RM Tests, and Calculations. These are the same as PS 2. Sections 7.1, 7.2. 7.3. and 7.5. respectively. 3.2 Reference Methods. Unless otherwise specified in an applicable subpart of the regulation, Method 10 is the RM for this PS. When evaluating nondispersive infrared Pt. 60, App. B, Spec. 4A continuous emission analyzers, Method 10 shall use the alternative interference trap specified in section 10.1 of the method. Method 10A or IOB is an acceptable alternative to method 10. 4. Bibliography 1. Ferguson, B.B., R.E. Lester, and W.J. Mitchell. Field Evaluation of Carbon Monoxide and Hydrogen Sulfide Continuous Emission Monitors at an Oil Refinery. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Research Triangle Park, NC. Publication No. EPA-600/4-82-054. August 1982. 100 p. 2. Repp. M. Evaluation of Continuous Monitors for Carbon Monoxide in Stationary Sources. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Research Triangle Park, NC. Publication No. EPA-600/2-77-063. March 1977/ 155 p. 3. Smith, F., D.E. Wagoner, and R.P. Donovan. Guidelines for Development of a Quality Assurance Program: Volume VIII-Determination of CO Emissions from Stationary Sources by NDIR Spectrometry. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Research Triangle Park, NC. Publication No. EPA-650/4-74-005-h. February 1975. 96 p. PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION 4A-SPECIFICATIONS AND TEST PROCEDURES FOR CARBON MONOXIDE CON- TINUOUS EMISSION MONITORING SYSTEMS IN STA- TIONARY SOURCES 1. Applicability and Principle 1.1 Applicability. 1.1.1 This specification is to be used for evaluating the acceptability of carbon monoxide (CO) continuous emission monitoring systems (CEMS's) at the time of or soon after installation and whenever specified in an applicable subpart of the regulations. 1.1.2 This specification is not designed to evaluate the installed CEMS performance over an extended period of time nor does it identify specific calibration techniques and other auxiliary procedures to assess CEMS performance. The source owner or operator, however, is responsible to calibrate, maintain, and operate the CEMS. To evaluate CEMS performance, the Administrator may require, under section 114 of the Act, the source owner or operator to conduct CEMS performance evaluations at other times besides the initial test. See 60.13(c). 1.1.3 The definition, installation specifications, test procedures, data reduction procedures for determining calibration drifts (CD) and relative accuracy (RA). and reporting of Performance Specification 2 (PS 2). sections 2, 3. 5, 6, 8, and 9 apply to this specification. 1.2 Principle. Reference method (RM), CD and RA tests are conducted to determine that the CEMS conforms to the specification. 2. Performance and Equipment Specifications 2.1 Data Recorder Scale. This specification is the same as section 4.1 of PS 2. The CEMS shall be capable of measuring emission levels under normal conditions and under periods of short-duration peaks of high concentrations. This dual-range capability may be met using two separate analyzers, one for each range, or by using dualrange units which have the capability of measuring both levels with a single unit. In the latter case, when the reading goes above the full-scale measurement value of the lower range. the higher-range operation shall be started automatically. The CEMS recorder range must include zero and a high-level value. For the low-range scale, the high-level value shall be between 1.5 times the pollutant concentration corresponding to the emission standard level and the span value. For the high-range scale, the high-level value shall be set at 2000 ppm, as a minimum, and the range shall include the level of the span value. There shall be no concentration gap between the low- and high-range scales. 2.2 Interference Check. The CEMS must be shown to be free from the effects of any interferences. 2.3 Response Time. The CEMS response time shall not exceed 1.5 min to achieve 95 percent of the final stable value. 2.4 Calibration Drift. The CEMS calibration must not drift or deviate from the reference value of the calibration gas. gas cell, or optical filter by more than 5 percent of the established span value for 6 out of 7 test days. 2.5 Relative Accuracy. The RA of the CEMS shall be no greater than 10 percent of the mean value of the RM test data in terms of the units of the emission standard or 5 ppm, whichever is greater. Under conditions where the average CO emissions are less than 10 percent of the standard, a cylinder gas audit may be performed in place of the RA test to determine compliance with these limits. In this case, the cylinder gas shall contain CO in 12 percent carbon dioxide as an interference check. If this option is exercised, Method 10 must be used to verify that emission levels are less than 10 percent of the standard. 3. Response Time Test Procedure The response time test applies to all types of CEMS's, but will generally have significance only for extractive systems. The entire system is checked with this procedure including applicable sample extraction and transport, sample conditioning, gas analyses, and data recording. Introduce zero gas into the system. For extractive systems, the calibration gases should be introduced at the probe as near to the sample location as possible. For insitu systems, introduce the zero gas at the sample interface so that all components active in the analysis are tested. When the system output has stabilized (no change greater than I percent of full scale for 30 sec), switch to monitor stack effluent and wait for a stable value. Record the time (upscale response time) required to reach 95 percent of the final stable value. Next, introduce a high-level calibration gas and repeat the procedure (stabilize, switch the sample, stabilize, record). Repeat the entire procedure three times and determine the mean upscale and downscale response times. The slower or longer of the two means is the system response time. 4. Relative Accuracy Test Procedure 4.1 Sampling Strategy for RM Tests, Correlation of RM and CEMS Data, Number of RM Tests, and Calculations. These are the same as PS 2, sections 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, and 7.5, respectively. 4.2 Reference Methods. Unless otherwise specified in an applicable subpart of the regulation, Method 10 is the RM for this PS. When evaluating nondispersive infrared continuous emission analyzers. Method 10 shall use the alternative interference trap specified in section 10.1 of the method. Method 10A or 10B is an acceptable alternative to Method 10. Pt. 60, App. B, Spec. 5 5. Bibliography 1. Same as in Performance Specification 4, section 4. 2. "Gaseous Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems-Performance Specification Guidelines for SO₂, NO., CO2. O₂, and TRS." EPA-450/3-82-026. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Technical Support Division (MD-19). Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION 5-SPECIFICATIONS AND TEST PROCEDURES FOR TRS CONTINUOUS EMISSION MONITORING SYSTEMS IN STATIONARY SOURCES 1. Applicability and Principle 1.1 Applicability. This specification is to be used for evaluating the acceptability of total reduced sulfur (TRS) and whenever specified in an applicable subpart of the regulations. (At present, these performance specifications do not apply to petroleum refineries, subpart J.) Sources affected by the promulgation of the specification shall be allowed 1 year beyond the promulgation date to install, operate, and test the CEMS. The CEMS's may include O₂ monitors which are subject to Performance Specification 3 (PS 3). The definitions, installation specifications, test procedures, and data reduction procedures for determining calibration drifts (CD's) and relative accuracy (RA), and reporting of PS 2, Sections 2. 3. 4, 5, 6. 8. and 9 also apply to this specification and must be consulted. The performance and equipment specifications do not differ from PS 2 except as listed below and are included in this specification. 1.2 Principle. The CD and RA tests are conducted to determine conformance of the CEMS with the specification. 2. Performance and Equipment Specifications 2.1 Instrument Zero and Span. The CEMS recorder span must be set at 90 to 100 percent of recorder fullscale using a span level between 1.5 times the pollutant concentration corresponding to the emission standard level and the span value. The CEMS design shall also allow the determination of calibration at the zero level of the calibration curve. If zero calibration is not possible or is impractical, this determination may be conducted at a low level (up to 20 percent of span value) point. The components of an acceptable permeation tube system are listed on pages 87-94 of Citation 4.2 of the Bibliography. 2.2 Calibration Drift. The CEMS detector calibration must not drift or deviate from the reference value of the calibration gas by more than 5 percent (1.5 ppm) of the established span value of 30 ppm for 6 out of 7 test days. If the CEMS includes pollutant and diluent monitors, the CD must be determined separately for each in terms of concentrations (see PS 3 for the diluent specifications). 2.3 The CEMS Relative Accuracy. The RA of the CEMS shall be no greater than 20 percent of the mean value of the reference method (RM) test data in terms of the units of the emission standard or 10 percent of the applicable standard, whichever is greater. 3. Relative Accuracy Test Procedure 3.1 Sampling Strategy for RM Tests, Correlation of RM and CEMS Data, Number of RM Tests, and Calculations. This is the same as PS 2. Sections 7.1. 7.2. 7.3, and 7.5. respectively. Note: For Method 16. a sample is made up of at least three separate injects equally spaced over time. For Method 16A, a sample is collected for at least 1 hour. 3.2 Reference Methods. Unless otherwise specified in an applicable subpart of the regulations, Method 16, Method 16A, or other approved alternative, shall be the RM for TRS. 4. Bibliography 1. Department of Commerce. Experimental Statistics. National Bureau of Standards. Handbook 91. 1963. Paragraphs 3-3.1.4, p. 3-31. 2. A Guide to the Design, Maintenance and Operation of TRS Monitoring Systems. National Council for Air and Stream Improvement Technical Bulletin No. 89. September 1977. 3. Observation of Field Performance of TRS Monitors on a Kraft Recovery Furnace. National Council for Air and Stream Improvement Technical Bulletin No. 91. January 1978. PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION 6-SPECIFICATIONS AND TEST PROCEDURES FOR CONTINUOUS EMISSION RATE MONITORING SYSTEMS IN STATIONARY SOURCES 1. Applicability and Principle 1.1 Applicability. The applicability for this specification is the same as Section 1.1 of Performance Specification 2 (PS 2). except this specification is to be used for evaluating the acceptability of continuous emission rate monitoring systems (CERMS's). The installation and measurement location specifications, performance specification test procedure, data reduction procedures, and reporting requirements of PS 2, Section 3, 5, 8, and 9, apply to this specification. 1.2 Principle. Reference method (RM). calibration drift (CD), and relative accuracy (RA) tests are conducted to determine that the CERMS conforms to the specification. 2. Definitions The definitions are the same as in Section 2 of PS 2, except that this specification refers to the continuous emission rate monitoring system rather than the continuous emission monitoring system. The following definitions are added: 2.1 Continuous Emission Rate Monitoring System (CERMS). The total equipment required for the determination and recording of the pollutant mass emission rate (in terms of mass per unit of time). 2.2 Flow Rate Sensor. That portion of the CERMS that senses the volumetric flow rate and generates an output proportional to flow rate. The flow rate sensor shall have provisions to check the CD for each flow rate parameter that it measures individually (e.g., velocity pressure). 3. Performance and Equipment Specifications 3.1 Data Recorder Scale. Same as Section 4.1 of PS 2. 3.2 CD. Since the CERMS includes analyzers for several measurements, the CD shall be determined separately for each analyzer in terms of its specific measurement. The calibration for each analyzer used for the measurement of flow rate except a temperature analyzer shall not drift or deviate from either of its reference values by more than 3 percent of 1.25 times the average potential absolute value for that measurement. For a temperature analyzer. the specification is 1.5 percent of 1.25 times the Pt. 60, App. B, Spec. 7 average potential absolute temperature. The CD specification for each analyzer for which other PS's have been established (e.g., PS 2 for SO₂ and NO.). shall be the same as in the applicable PS. 3.3 CERMS RA. The RA of the CERMS shall be no greater than 20 percent of the mean value of the RM's test data in terms of the units of the emission standard. or 10 percent of the applicable standard, whichever is greater. 4. CD Test Procedure The CD measurements are to verify the ability of the CERMS to conform to the established CERMS calibrations used for determining the emission rate. Therefore, if periodic automatic or manual adjustments are made to the CERMS zero and calibration settings, conduct the CD tests immediately before these adjustments, or conduct them in such a way what CD can be determined. Conduct the CD tests for pollutant concentration at the two values specified in Section 4.1 of PS 2. For each of the other parameters that are selectively measured by the CERMS (e.g., velocity pressure). use two analogous values: one that represents zero to 20 percent of the highlevel value (a value that is between 1.25 and 2 times the average potential value) for that parameter, and one that represents 50 to 100 percent of the high-level value. Introduce, or activate internally, the reference signals to the CERMS (these need not be certified). Record the CERMS response to each, and subtract this value from the respective reference value (see example data sheet in Figure 6- 1). 5. RA Test Procedure 5.1 Sampling Strategy for RM's Tests, Correlation of RM and CERMS Data, Number of RM's Tests, and Calculations. These are the same as PS 2, Sections 7.1. 7.2. 7.3, and 7.5, respectively. Summarize the results on a data sheet. An example is shown in Figure 6-2. The RA test may be conducted during the CD test period. 5.2 Reference Methods (RM's). Unless otherwise specified in the applicable subpart of the regulations, the RM for the pollutant gas is the appendix A method that is cited for compliance test purposes, or its approved alternatives. Methods 2, 2A, 2B, 2C, or 2D, as applicable are the RM's for the determination of volumetric flow rate. 6. Bibliography 1. Brooks, E.F., E.C. Beder, C.A. Flegal, D.J. Luciani, and R. Williams. Continuous Measurement of Total Gas Flow Rate from Stationary Sources. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Research Triangle Park, NC. Publication No. EPA-650/2-75-020. February 1975. 248 p. PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION 7-SPECIFICATIONS AND TEST PROCEDURES FOR HYDROGEN SULFIDE CON- TINUOUS EMISSION MONITORING SYSTEMS IN STA- TIONARY SOURCES I. Applicability and Principle 1.1 Applicability. 1.1.1 This specification is to be used for evaluating the acceptability of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) continuous emission monitoring systems (CEMS's) at the time of or soon after installation and whenever specified in an applicable subpart of the regulations. 1.1.2 This specification is not designed to evaluate the installed CEMS performance over an extended period of time nor does it identify specific calibration techniques and other auxiliary procedures to assess CEMS performance. The source owner or operator, however, is responsible to calibrate, maintain, and operate the CEMS. To evaluate CEMS performance. the Administrator may require, under Section 114 of the Act, the source owner or operator to conduct CEMS performance evaluations at other times besides the initial test. See 60.13(c). 1.1.3 The definitions, installation specifications, test procedures, data reduction procedures for determining calibration drifts (CD) and relative accuracy (RA), and reporting of Performance Specification 2 (PS 2). Sections 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, and 9 apply to this specification. 1.2 Principle. Reference method (RM). CD, and RA tests are conducted to determine that the CEMS conforms to the specification. 2. Performance and Equipment Specifications 21 Instrument zero and span. This specification is the same as Section 4.1 of PS 2. 2.2 Callbration drift The CEMS calibration must not drift or deviate from the reference value of the calibration gas or reference source by more than 5 percent of the established span value for 6 out of 7 test days (e.g., the established span value is 300 ppm for subpart J fuel gas combustion devices). 2.3 Relative accuracy. The RA of the CEMS shall be no greater than 20 percent of the mean value of the RM test data in terms of the units of the emission standard or 10 percent of the applicable standard. whichever is greater. 3. Relative Accuracy Test Procedure 3.1 Sampling Strategy for RM Tests, Correlation of RM and CEMS Data Number of RM Tests. and Calculations. These are the same as that in PS 2, $7.1, 7.2, 7.3, and 7.5, respectively. 3.2 Reference Methods. Unless otherwise specified in an applicable subpart of the regulation, Method II is the RM for this PS. 4. Bibliography 1. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Standards of Performance for New Stationary Sources; Appendix B; Performance Specifications 2 and 3 for SO₂, NO., CO2. and O₂ Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems; Final Rule. 48 CFR 23608. Washington, DC, U.S. Government Printing Office. May 25, 1983. 2. U.S. Government Printing Office. Gaseous Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems-Performance Specification Guidelines for SO2. NO,, CO2. O2. and TRS. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC, EPA-450/3-82-026. October 1982. 26p. 3. Maines, G.D., W.C. Kelly (Scott Environmental Technology. Inc.), and J.B. Homolya. Evaluation of Monitors for Measuring H₂S in Refinery Gas. Prepared for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Research Triangle Park, NC. Contract No. 68-02-2707. 1978. 60 p. 4. Ferguson, B.B., R.E. Lester (Harmon Engineering and Testing). and W.J. Mitchell. Field Evaluation of Carbon Monoxide and Hydrogen Suifide Continuous Emission Monitors at an Oil Refinery. Prepared for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Research Triangle Pt. 60, App. B, Spec. 8 Park, NC. Publication No. EPA-600/4-82-054. August 1982. 100 p. PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION 8-PERFORMANCE SPECI- FICATIONS FOR VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUND CONTINUOUS EMISSION MONITORING SYSTEMS IN STATIONARY SOURCES J. Applicability and Principle 1.1 Applicability. 1.1.1 This specification is to be used for evaluating a continuous emission monitoring system (CEMS) that measures a mixture of volatile organic compounds (VOC's) and generates a single combined response value. The VOC detection principle may be flame ionization (FI). photoionization (PI). nondispersive infrared absorption (NDIR), or any other detection principle that is uppropriate for the VOC species present in the emission gases and that meets this performance specification. The performance specification includes procedures to evaluate the acceptability of the CEMS at the time of or soon after its installation and whenever specified in emission regulations or permits. This specification is not designed to evaluate the installed CEMS performance over an CXtended period of time, nor does it identify specific calibration techniques and other auxiliary procedures to assess the CEMS performance. However, it is the responsibility of the source owner or operator, to calibrate, maintain, and operate the CEMS properly. Under section 114 of the Act, the Administrator may require the operator to evaluate the CEMS performance by conducting CEMS performance evaluations in addition to the initial test. See section 60.13(c). The definitions, installation and measurement location specifications, test procedures. data reduction procedures, reporting requirements. and bibliography are the same as in PS 2. sections 2. 3. 5, 6, 8. 9, and 10, and also apply to VOC CEMS's under this specification. The performance and equipment specifications and the relative accuracy (RA) test procedures for VOC CEMS do not differ from those for SO₂ and NO, CEMS, except as noted below. 1.1.2 In most emission circumstances, most VOC monitors can provide only a relative measure of the total mass or volume concentration of a mixture of organic gases, rather than an accurate quantification. This problem is removed when an emission standard is based on a total VOC measurement as obtained with a particular detection principle. In those situations where a true mass or volume VOC concentration is needed, the problem can be mitigated by using the VOC CEMS as a relative indicator of total VOC concentration if statistical analysis indicates that a sufficient margin of compliance exists for this approach to be acceptable. Otherwise, consideration can be given to calibrating the CEMS with a mixture of the same VOC's in the same proportions as they actually occur in the measured source. In those circumstances where only one organic species is present in the source, or where equal incremental amounts of each of the organic species present generate equal CEMS responses, the latter choice can be more easily achieved. 1.2 Principle. Calibration drift and relative accuracy tests are conducted to determine the adherence of the CEMS to specifications given for those items. The performance specifications include criteria for installation and measurement location, equipment and performance, and procedures for testing and data reduction. 2. Performance and Equipment Specifications 2.1 VOC CEMS Selection. When possible, select a VOC CEMS with the detection principle of the reference method specified in the regulation or permit (usually either FI, NDIR, or PI). Otherwise, use knowledge of the source process chemistry, previous emission studies, or gas chromatographic analysis of the source gas to select an appropriate VOC CEMS. Exercise extreme caution in choosing and installing any CEMS in an area with the potential for explosive hazards. 2.2 Data Recorder Scale. Same as section 4.1 of PS 2. 2.3 Calibration Drift. The CEMS calibration must not drift by more than 2.5 percent of the span value. 2.4 CEMS Relative Accuracy. Unless stated otherwise in the regulation or permit, the RA of the CEMS must be no greater than 20 percent of the mean value of the reference method (RM) test data in terms of the units of the emission standard, or 10 percent of the applicable standard, whichever is greater. 3. Relative Accuracy Test Procedure 3.1 Sampling Strategy for RM Tests, Correlation of RM and CEMS Data. Number of RM Tests, and Calculations. Follow PS 2, sections 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, and 7.5, respectively. 3.2 Reference Method. Use the method specified in the applicable regulation or permit, or any approved alternative, as the RM. PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION 9-SPECIFICATIONS AND TEST PROCEDURES FOR GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC CONTINUOUS EMISSION MONITORING SYSTEMS IN STATIONARY SOURCES 1. Applicability and Principle 1.1 Applicability. These requirements apply to continuous emission monitoring systems (CEMS) that use gas chromatography (GC) to measure gaseous organic compound emissions. The requirements include procedures intended to evaluate the acceptability of the CEMS at the time of its installation and whenever specified in regulations or permits. Quality assurance procedures for calibrating, maintaining. and operating the CEMS properly at all times are also given in this procedure. 1.2 Principle. Calibration precision, calibration error, and performance audit tests are conducted to determine conformance of the CEMS with these specifications. Daily calibration and maintenance requirements are also specified. 2. Definitions 2.1 Gas Chromatograph (GC). That portion of the system that separates and detects organic analytes and generates an output proportional to the gas concentration. The GC must be temperature controlled. NOTE: The term "temperature controlled" refers to the ability to maintain a certain temperature around the column. Temperature-progranmable GC is not required for this performance specification, as long as all other requirements for precision, linearity, and accuracy listed in this performance specification are met. It should be noted that temperature programming a GC will speed up peak elution, thus allowing increased sampling frequency. Pt. 60, App. B, Spec. 9 2.1.1 Column. An analytical column capable of separating the analytes of interest. 2.1.2 Detector. A detection system capable of detecting and quantifying all analytes of interest. 2.1.3 Integrator. That portion of the system that quantifies the area under a particular sample peak generated by the GC. 2.1.4 Data Recorder. A strip chart recorder, computer, or digital recorder capable of recording all readings within the instrument's calibration range. 2.2 Calibration Precision. The error between triplicate injections of each calibration standard. 3. Installation and Measurement Location Specifications Install the CEMS in a location where the measurements are representative of the source emissions. Consider other factors, such as case of access for calibration and maintenance purposes. The location should not be close to air in-leakages. The sampling location should be at least two equivalent duct diameters downstream from the nearest control device, point of pollutant generation, or other point at which a change in the pollutant concentration or emission rate occurs. The location should be at least 0.5 diameter upstream from the exhaust or control device. To calculate equivalent duct diameter, see section 2.1 of Method 1 (40 CFR part 60, appendix A). Sampling locations not conforming to the requirements in this section may be used if necessary upon approval of the Administrator. 4. CEMS Performance and Equipment Specifications 4.1 Presurvey Sample Analysis and GC Selection. Determine the pollutants to be monitored from the applicable regulation or permit and determine the approximate concentration of each pollutant (this information can be based on past compliance test results). Select an appropriate GC configuration to measure the organic compounds. The GC components should include a heated sample injection loop (or other sample introduction systems). separatory column, temperature-controlled oven, and detector. If the source chooses dual column and/or dual detector configurations, each column/detector is considered a separate instrument for the purpose of this performance specification and thus the procedures in this performance specification shall be carried out on each system. If this method is applied in highly explosive areas, caution should be exercised in selecting the equipment and method of installation. 4.2 Sampling System. The sampling system shall be heat traced and maintained at a minimum of 120 °C with no cold spots. All system components shall be heated, including the probe, calibration valve. sample lines, sampling loop (or sample introduction system), GC oven, and the detector block (when appropriate for the type of detector being utilized, e.g., flame ionization detector). 4.3 Calibration Gases. Obtain three concentrations of calibration gases certified by the manufacturer to be accurate to within 2 percent of the value on the label. A gas dilution system may be used to prepare the calibration gases from a high concentration certified standard if the gas dilution system meets the requirements specified in Test Method 205, 40 CFR part 51, appendix M. The performance test specified in Test Method 205 shall be repeated quarterly, and the results of the Method 205 test shall be included in the report. The calibration gas concentration of each target analyte shall be as follows (measured concentration is based on the presurvey concentration determined in section 4.1). NOTE: If the low level calibration gas concentration falls at or below the limit of detection for the instrument for any target pollutant, a calibration gas with a concentration at 4 to 5 times the limit of detection for the instrument may be substituted for the low-level calibration gas listed in section 4.3.1 4.3.1 Low-level. 40-60 percent of measured concentration. 4.3.2 Mid-level. 90-110 percent of measured concentration. 4.3.3 High-level. 140-160 percent of measured concentration, or select highest expected concentration. 4.4 Performance Audit Gas. A certified EPA audit gas shall be used, when possible. A Protocol I gas mixture containing all the target compounds within the calibration range may be used when EPA performance audit materials are not available. The instrument relative error shall be S10 percent of the certified value of the audit gas. 4.5 Calibration Error (CE). The CEMS must allow the determination of CE at all three calibration levels. The average CEMS calibration response must not differ by more than 10 percent of calibration gas value at each level after each 24-hour period of the initial test. 4.6 Calibration Precision and Linearity. For each triplicate injection at each concentration level for each target analyte, any one injection shall not deviate more than 5 percent from the average concentration measured at that level. The linear regression curve for each organic compound at all three levels shall have an 20.995 (using Equation 1). 4.7 Measurement Frequency. The sample to be analyzed shall flow continuously through the sampling system. The sampling system time constant (T) shall be $5 minutes or the sampling frequency specified in the applicable regulation, whichever is less. Use Equation 3 to determine T. The analytical system shall be capable of measuring the effluent stream at the frequency specified in the appropriate regulation or permit. 5. Performance Specification Test (PST) Periods 5.1 Pretest Preparation Period. Using the procedures described in Method 18 (40 CFR part 60, appendix A), perform initial tests to determine GC conditions that provide good resolution and minimum analysis time for compounds of interest. Resolution interferences that may occur can be eliminated by appropriate GC column and detector choice or by shifting the retention times through changes in the column flow rate and the use of temperature programming. 5.2 7-Day CE Test Period. At the beginning of each 24-hour period, set the initial instrument setpoints by conducting a multipoint calibration for each compound. The multipoint calibration shall meet the requirements in section 4.7. Throughout the 24-hour period, sample and analyze the stack gas at the sampling intervals prescribed in the regulation or permit. At the end of the 24-hour period, inject the three calibration gases for each compound in triplicate and determine the average instrument response. Determine the CE for each pollutant at each level using the equation in section 6.2. Each CE shall be ≤10 percent. Repeat this procedure six more times for a total of 7 consecutive days. Pt. 60, App. B, Spec. 9 5.3 Performance Audit Test Periods. Conduct the performance audit once during the initial 7-day CE test and quarterly thereafter. Sample and analyze the EPA audit gas(es) (or the Protocol I gas mixture if an EPA audit gas is not available) three times. Calculate the average instrument response. Report the audit results as part of the reporting requirements in the appropriate regulation or permit (if using a Protocol 1 gas mixture, report the certified cylinder concentration of each pollutant). 6. Equations 6.1 Coefficient of Determination. Calculate r2 using linear regression analysis and the average concentrations obtained at three calibration points as shown in Equation 1. ER15DE84.000 Where: r2=Coefficient of determination. n=Number of measurement points. x=CEMS response. y=Actual value of calibration standard. 6.2 Calibration Error Determination. Determine the percent calibration error (CE) at each concentration for each pollutant using the following equation. ER15DE94.001 where: Cm=average instrument response, ppm. Ca=cylinder gas value, ppm. 6.3 Sampling System Time Constant (T). ER15DE94.002 where: F=Flow rate of stack gas through sampling system, in liters/min. V=Sample system volume, in Liters, which is the volume inside the sample probe and tubing leading from the stack to the sampling loop. 7. Daily Calibration 7.1 Initial Multipoint Calibration. After initial startup of the GC, after routine maintenance or repair, or at least once per month, conduct a multipoint calibration of the GC for each target analyte. The multipoint calibration for each analyte shall meet the requirements in section 4.7. 7.2 Daily Calibration. Once every 24 hours, analyze the mid-level calibration standard for each analyte in triplicate. Calculate the average instrument response for each analyte. The average instrument response shall not vary more than 10 percent from the certified concentration value of the cylinder for each analyte. If the difference between the analyzer response and the cylinder concentration for any target compound is greater than 10 percent. immediately take corrective action on the instrument if necessary. and conduct an initial multipoint calibration as described in section 7.1. Pt. 60, App. B, Spec. 9 8. Reporting Follow the reporting requirements of the applicable regulation or permit. If the reporting requirements include the results of this performance specification, summarize in tabular form the results of the CE tests. Include all data sheets, calculations, CEMS data records. performance audit results, and calibration gas concentrations and certifications. [48 FR 13327, Mar. 30, 1983 and 48 FR 23611. May 25, 1983, as amended at 48 FR 32986, July 20, 1983; 51 FR 31701, Aug. 5, 1985; 52 FR 17556, May 11, 1987; 52 FR 30675, Aug. 18, 1987; 52 FR 34650, Sept. 14, 1987; 53 FR 7515, Mar. 9, 1988; 53 FR 41335, Oct. 21, 1988; 55 FR 18876, May 7. 1990; 55 FR 40178, Oct. 2, 1990; 55 FR 47474. Nov. 14, 1990; 56 FR 5526, Feb. 11, 1991; 59 FR 64593, Dec. 15, 1994] 40 CFR PART 60 APPENDIX F APPENDIX F TO PART 60-QUALITY ASSURANCE PROCEDURES PROCEDURE 1. QUALITY ASSURANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR GAS CONTINUOUS EMISSION MONITORING SYSTEMS USED FOR COMPLIANCE DETERMINATION 1. Applicability and Principle 1.1 Applicability. Procedure 1 is used to evaluate the effectiveness of quality control (OC) and quality assurance (QA) procedures and the quality of data produced by any continuous emission monitoring system (CEMS) that is used for determining compliance with the emission standards on a continuous basis as specified in the applicable regulation. The CEMS may include pollutant (e.g., SO₂ and NO.) and diluent (e.g., O₂ or C02) monitors. This procedure specifies the minimum QA requirements necessary for the control and assessment of the quality of CEMS data submitted to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Source owners and operators responsible for one or more CEMS's used for compliance monitoring must meet these minimum requirements and are encouraged to develop and implement a more extensive QA program or to continue such programs where they already exist. Data collected as a result of QA and QC measures required in this procedure are to be submitted to the Agency. These data are to be used by both the Agency and the CEMS operator in assessing the effectiveness of the CEMS QC and QA procedures in the maintenance of acceptable CEMS operation and valid emission data. Appendix F, Procedure I is applicable December 4, 1987. The first CEMS accuracy assessment shall be a relative accuracy test audit (RATA) (see section 5) and shall be completed by March 4, 1988 or the date of the initial performance test required by the applicable regulation, whichever is later. 1.2 Principle. The QA procedures consist of two distinct and equally important functions. One function is the assessment of the quality of the CEMS data by estimating accuracy. The other function is the control and improvement of the quality of the CEMS data by implementing QC policies and corrective actions. These two functions form a control loop: When the assessment function indicates that the data quality is inadequate, the control effort must be increased until the data quality is acceptable. In order to provide uniformity in the assessment and reporting of data quality, this procedure explicitly specifies the assessment methods for response drift and accuracy. The methods are based on procedures included in the applicable performance specifications (PS's) in appendix B of 40 CFR part 60. Procedure 1 also requires the analysis of the EPA audit samples concurrent with certain reference method (RM) analyses as specified in the applicable RM's. Because the control and corrective action function encompasses a variety of policies, specifications, standards, and corrective measures, this procedure treats QC requirements in general terms to allow each source owner or operator to develop a QC system that is most effective and efficient for the circumstances. 2. Definitions 2.1 Continuous Emission Monitoring System. The total equipment required for the determination of a gas concentration or emission rate. 2.2 Diluent Gas. A major gaseous constituent in a gascous pollutant mixture. For combustion sources, CO₂ and O₂ are the major gaseous constituents of interest. 2.3 Span Value. The upper limit of a gas concentration measurement range that is specified for affected source categories in the applicable subpart of the regulation. 2.4 Zero, Low-Level, and High-Level Values. The CEMS response values related to the source specific span value. Determination of zero, low-level, and high-level values is defined in the appropriate PS in appendix B of this part. 2.5 Calibration Drift (CD). The difference in the CEMS output reading from a reference value after a period of operation during which no unscheduled maintenance, repair or adjustment took place. The reference value may be supplied by a cylinder gas, gas cell, or optical filter and need not be certified. 2.6 Relative Accuracy (RA). The absolute mean difference between the gas concentration or emission rate determined by the CEMS and the value determined by the RM's plus the 2.5 percent error confidence coefficient of a series of tests divided by the mean of the RM tests or the applicable emission limit. 3. QC Requirements Each source owner or operator must develop and implement a QC program. As a minimum, each QC program must include written procedures which should describe in detail, complete, step-by-step procedures and operations for each of the following activities: 1. Calibration of CEMS. 2. CD determination and adjustment of CEMS. 3. Preventive maintenance of CEMS (including spare parts inventory). 4. Data recording, calculations, and reporting. 5. Accuracy audit procedures including sampling and analysis methods. 6. Program of corrective action for malfunctioning CEMS. As described in Section 5.2, whenever excessive inaccuracies occur for two consecutive quarters, the source owner or operator must revise the current written procedures or modify or replace the CEMS to correct the deficiency causing the excessive inaccuracies. These written procedures must be kept on record and available for inspection by the enforcement agency. 4. CD Assessment 4.1 CD Requirement. As described in 40 CFR 60.13(d), source owners and operators of CEMS must check, record, and quantify the CD at two concentration values at least once daily (approximately 24 hours) in accordance with the method prescribed by the manufacturer. The CEMS calibration must, as minimum, be adjusted whenever the daily zero (or low-level) CD or the daily high-level CD exceeds two times the limits of the applicable PS's in appendix B of this regulation. 4.2 Recording Requirement for Automatic CD Adjusting Monitors. Monitors that automatically adjust the data to the corrected calibration values (e.g., microprocessor control) must be programmed to record the unadjusted concentration measured in the CD prior to resetting the calibration, if performed, or record the amount of adjustment. 4.3 Criteria for Excessive CD. If either the zero (or low-level) or high-level CD result exceeds twice the applicable drift specification in appendix B for five, consecutive, daily periods, the CEMS is out-of-control. If ei- Pt. 60, App. F ther the zero (or low-level) or high-level CD result exceeds four times the applicable drift specification in appendix B during any CD check, the CEMS is out-of-control. If the CEMS is out-of-control, take necessary corrective action. Following corrective action, repeat the CD checks. 4.3.1 Out-Of-Control Period Definition. The beginning of the out-of-control period is the time corresponding to the completion of the fifth, consecutive, daily CD check with a CD in excess of two times the allowable limit, or the time corresponding to the completion of the daily CD check preceding the daily CD check that results in a CD in excess of four times the allowable limit. The end of the out-of-control period is the time corresponding to the completion of the CD check following corrective action that results in the CD's at both the zero (or lowlevel) and high-level measurement points being within the corresponding allowable CD limit (i.e., either two times or four times the allowable limit in appendix B). 4.3.2 CEMS Data Status During Out-of-Control Period. During the period the CEMS is out-of-control, the CEMS data may not be used in calculating emission compliance nor be counted towards meeting minimum data availability as required and described in the applicable subpart [e.g., § 60.47a(f)]. 4.4 Data Recording and Reporting. As required in 60.7(d) of this regulation (40 CFR part 60), all measurements from the CEMS must be retained on file by the source owner for at least 2 years. However, emission data obtained on each successive day while the CEMS is outof-control may not be included as part of the minimum daily data requirement of the applicable subpart [e.g., 60.47a(f)] nor be used in the calculation of reported emissions for that period. 5. Data Accuracy Assessment 5.1 Auditing Requirements. Each CEMS must be audited at least once each calendar quarter. Successive quarterly audits shall occur no closer than 2 months. The audits shall be conducted as follows: 5.1.1 Relative Accuracy Test Audit (RATA). The RATA must be conducted at least once every four calendar quarters. Conduct the RATA as described for the RA test procedure in the applicable PS in appendix B (e.g., PS 2 for SO₂ and NOx). In addition, analyze the appropriate performance audit samples received from EPA as described in the applicable sampling methods (e.g., Methods 6 and 7). 5.1.2 Cylinder Gas Audit (CGA). If applicable, a CGA may be conducted in three of four calendar quarters, but in no more than three quarters in succession. To conduct a CGA: (1) Challenge the CEMS (both pollutant and diluent portions of the CEMS, if applicable) with an audit gas of known concentration at two points within the following ranges: Audit range Audit point Pollutant mon- Diluent monitors foritors CO2 of 1 20 to 30% of 5 to 8% by vol- 4 to 6% by span value. ume. volume. 2 50 to 60% of 10 to 14% by 8 to 12% by span value. volume. volume. Challenge the CEMS three times at each audit point, and use the average of the three responses in determining accuracy. Use of separate audit gas cylinder for audit points 1 and 2. Do not dilute gas from audit cylinder when challenging the CEMS. The monitor should be challenged at each audit point for a sufficient period of time to assure adsorptiondescrption of the CEMS sample transport surfaces has stabilized. (2) Operate each monitor in its normal sampling mode, i.e., pass the audit gas through all filters, scrubbers, conditioners, and other monitor components used during normal sampling, and as much of the sampling probe as is practical. At a minimum, the audit gas should be introduced at the connection between the probe and the sample line. (3) Use audit gases that have been certified by comparision to National Bureau of Standards (NBS) gaseous Standard Reference Materials (SRM's) or NBS/EPA approved gas manufacturer's Certified Reference Materials (CRM's) (See Citation 1) following EPA Traceability Protocol No. I (See Citation 2). As an alternative to Protocol No. 1 audit gases, CRM's may be used directly as audit gases. A list of gas manufacturers that have prepared approved CRM's is available from EPA at the address shown in Citation 1. Procedures for preparation of CRM's are described in Citation 1. Procedures for preparation of EPA Traceability Protocol I materials are described in Citation 2. The difference between the actual concentration of the audit gas and the concentration indicated by the monitor is used to assess the accuracy of the CEMS. 5.1.3 Relative Accuracy Audit (RAA). The RAA may be conducted three of four calendar quarters, but in no more than three quarters in succession. To conduct a RAA, follow the procedure described in the applicable PS in appendix B for the relative accuracy test, except that only three sets of measurement data are required. Analyses of EPA performance audit samples are also required. The relative difference between the mean of the RM values and the mean of the CEMS responses will be used to assess the accuracy of the CEMS. 5.1.4 Other Alternative Audits. Other alternative audit procedures may be used as approved by the Administrator for three of four calendar quarters. One RATA is required at least once every four calendar quarters. 5.2 Excessive Audit Inaccuracy. If the RA, using the RATA, CGA, or RAA exceeds the criteria in section 523, the CEMS is out-of-control. If the CEMS is outof-control, take necessary corrective action to eliminate the problem. Following corrective action, the source owner or operator must audit the CEMS with a RATA, CGA. or RAA to determine if the CEMS is operating within the specifications. A RATA must always be used following an out-of-control period resulting from a RATA. The audit following corrective action does not require analysis of EPA performance audit samples. If audit results show the CEMS to be out-of-control, the CEMS operator shall report both the audit showing the CEMS to be out-of-control and the results of the audit following corrective action showing the CEMS to be operating within specifications. 5.2.1 Out-Of-Control Period Definition. The beginning of the out-of-control period is the time corresponding to the completion of the sampling for the RATA, RAA, or CGA. The end of the out-of-control period is the time Pt. 60, App. F corresponding to the completion of the sampling of the subsequent successful audit. 5.2.2 CEMS Data Status During Out-Of-Control Period. During the period the monitor is out-of-control, the CEMS data may not be used in calculating emission compliance nor be counted towards meeting minimum data availabilty as required and described in the applicable subpart [e.g., § 60.47a(f)]. 5.2.3 Criteria for Excessive Audit Inaccuracy. Unless specified otherwise in the applicable subpart, the criteria for excessive inaccuracy are: (1) For the RATA, the allowable RA in the applicable PS in appendix B. (2) For the CGA, ±15 percent of the average audit value or +5 ppm, whichever is greater. (3) For the RAA, ±15 percent of the three run average or ±7.5 percent of the applicable standard, whichever is greater. 5.3 Criteria for Acceptable QC Procedure. Repeated excessive inaccuracies (i.e., out-of-control conditions resulting from the quarterly audits) indicates the QC procedures are inadequate or that the CEMS is incapable of providing quality data. Therefore, whenever excessive inaccuracies occur for two consective quarters, the source owner or operator must revise the QC procedures (see Section 3) or modify or replace the CEMS. 6. Calculations for CEMS Data Accuracy 6.1 RATA RA Calculation. Follow the equations described in Section 8 of appendix B, PS 2 to calculate the RA for the RATA. The RATA must be calculated in units of the applicable emission standard (e.g., ng/J). 6.2 RAA Accuracy Calculation. Use Equation 1-1 to calculate the accuracy for the RAA. The RAA must be calculated in units of the applicable emission standard (e.g., ng/J). 6.3 CGA Accuracy Calculation. Use Equation 1-1 to calculate the accuracy for the CGA, which is calculated in units of the appropriate concentration (e.g., ppm SO₂ or percent O2). Each component of the CEMS must meet the acceptable accuracy requirement. A = Cm-Ca Ca x100 Eq. I-1 where: A = Accuracy of the CEMS, percent. Cm - Average CEMS response during audit in units of applicable standard or appropriate concentration. C. = Average audit value (CGA certified value or three-run average for RAA) in units of applicable standard or appropriate concentration. 6.4 Example Accuracy Calculations. Example calculations for the RATA, RAA, and CGA are available in Citation 3. 7. Reporting Requirements At the reporting interval specified in the applicable regulation. report for each CEMS the accuracy results from a Data Assessment Report (DAR). and include one copy of this DAR for each quarterly audit with the report of emissions required under the applicable subparts of this part. As a minimum. the DAR must contain the following information: I. Source owner or operator name and address. 2. Identification and location of monitors in the CEMS. 3. Manufacturer and model number of each monitor in the CEMS. 4. Assessment of CEMS data accuracy and date of assessment as determined by a RATA, RAA, or CGA described in Section 5 including the RA for the RATA, the A for the RAA or CGA, the RM results, the cylinder gases certified values, the CEMS responses, and the calculations results as defined in Section 6. If the accuracy audit results show the CEMS to be out-of-control, the CEMS operator shall report both the audit results showing the CEMS to be out-of-control and the results of the audit following corrective action showing the CEMS to be opcrating within specifications. 5. Results from EPA performance audit samples described in Section 5 and the applicable RM's. 6. Summary of all corrective actions taken when CEMS was determined out-of-control, as described in Sections 4 and 5. An example of a DAR format is shown in Figure 1. 8. Bibliography 1. "A Procedure for Establishing Traceability of Gas Mixtures to Certain National Bureau of Standards Standard Reference Materials." Joint publication by NBS and EPA-600/7-81-010. Available from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Quality Assurance Division (MD-77). Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. 2. "Traceability Protocol for Establishing True Concentrations of Gases Used for Calibration and Audits of Continuous Source Emission Monitors (Protocol Number 1)" June 1978. Section 3.0.4 of the Quality Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement Systems. Volume III. Stationary Source Specific Methods. EPA-600/ 4-77-0276. August 1977. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Research and Development Publications, 26 West St. Clair Street, Cincinnati, OH 45268. 3. Calculation and Interpretation of Accuracy for Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems (CEMS). Section 3.0.7 of the Quality Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement Systems, Volume III, Stationary Source Specific Methods. EPA-600/4-77-0276. August 1977. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Research and Development Publications, 26 West St. Clair Street, Cincinnati, OH 45268. FIGURE I-EXAMPLE FORMAT FOR DATA ASSESSMENT REPORT Period ending date Year Company name Plant name Source unit no. CEMS manufacturer Model no. CEMS serial no. CEMS type (e.g., in situ) CEMS sampling location (e.g., control device outlet) CEMS span values as per the applicable regulation: (e.g., SO₂ ppm. NO, ppm). I. Accuracy assessment results (Complete A, B, or C below for each CEMS or for each pollutant and diluent analyzer, as applicable.) If the quarterly audit results show the CEMS to be out-of-control. report the results of both the quarterly audit and the audit following corrective action showing the CEMS to be operating properly. Pt. 60, App. F A. Relative accuracy test audit (RATA) for (e.g., SO₂ in ng/J). 1. Date of audit 2. Reference methods (RM's) used (e.g., Methods 3 and 6). 3. Average RM value (e.g., ng/J, mg/dsm3, or percent volume). 4. Average CEMS value 5. Absolute value of mean difference [d] , 6. Confidence coefficient [CC] 7. Percent relative accuracy (RA) percent. 8. EPA performance audit results: (2) a. Audit lot number (1) b. Audit sample number (1) (2) c. Results (mg/dsm3) (1) (2) d. Actual value (mg/dsm3 (1) C. Relative accuracy audit (RAA) for (e.g., SO₂ in ng/J). (2) e. Relative error* (1) (2) Audit Audit point point I 2 1. Date of audit 2. Cylinder ID number 3. Date of certification 4. Type of certification (e.g., EPA Protocol I or CRM). 5. Certified audit value (e.g., ppm). 6. CEMS response value (e.g., ppm). 7. Accuracy percent. B. Cylinder gas audit (CGA) for (e.g., SO₂ in ppm). 1. Date of audit 2. Reference methods (RM's) used (e.g., Methods 3 and 6). 3. Average RM value (e.g., ng/J). 4. Average CEMS value 5. Accuracy percent. 6. EPA performance audit results: a. Audit lot number (I) (2) b. Audit sample number (1) (2) c. Results (mg/dsm3) (1) (2) d. Actual value (mg/dsm3) *(1) (2) e. Relative error* (1) (2) D. Corrective action for excessive inaccuracy. 1. Out-of-control periods. a. Date(s) b. Number of days 2. Corrective action taken 3. Results of audit following corrective action. (Use format of A. B, or C above, as applicable.) II. Calibration drift assessment. A. Out-of-control periods. 1. Date(s) 2. Number of days B. Corrective action taken [52 FR 21008, June 4. 1987; 52 FR 27612, July 22, 1987. as amended at 56 FR 5527, Feb. 11, 1991] * To be completed by the Agency. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 1 2 3 4 5 6 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 277 278 279 281 282 283 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 1 2 3 4