of SDWA.

the scope, structure. coverage and (c) EPA will establish a UIC program (f) A State can assume primary processes of the State program. in any State which does not comply with enforcement responsibility for the UIC (b) A description (including paragraph (a) of this section. EPA will program. notwithstanding $ 145.21(3). organization cherts) of the organization continue to operate a UIC program in when the State program is unable to and structure of the State agency or such a State until the State receives regulate activities - Indian lands agencies which will have responsibility approval of a UIC programs in within the State. EPA will administer for administering the program, including 14206 Federal Register / Vol. 48, No. 64 / Friday, April 1, 1983 / Rules and Regulations the information listed below. If more to all injection wells within the State of the State, or an interstate compact, than one agency is responsible for which are required to have permits provide adequate authority to carry out administration of a program, each under this Part and Part 144; the program described under I 145.23 agency must have statewide jurisdiction (2) The priorities (according to criteria and to meet the requirements of this over a class of activities. The set forth in 40 CFR 146.09) for issuing Part. This statement shall include responsibilities of each agency must be permits, including the number of permits citations to the specific statutes, delineated. their procedures for in each class of injection well which will administrative regulations, and, where coordination set forth, and an agency be issued each year during the first five appropriate, judicial decisions which may be designated as a "lead agency" to years of program operation: demonstrate adequate authority. State facilitate communications between EPA (3) A description of how the Director statutes and regulations cited by the and the State agencies having program will implement the mechanical integrity State Attorney General or independent responsibility. When the State proposes testing requirements of 40 CFR 146.06, legal counsel shall be in the form of to administer a program of greater scope including the frequency of testing that lawfully adopted State statutes and of coverage than is required by Federal will be required and the number of tests regulations at the time the statement is law. the information provided under this that will be reviewed by the Director signed and shall be fully effective by the paragraph shall indicate the resources each year; time the program is approved. To qualify dedicated to administering the Federally (4) A description of the procedure as "independent legal counsel" the required portion of the program. whereby the Director will notify owners attorney signing the statement required (1) A description of the State agency and operators of injection wells of the by this section must have full authority staff who will carry out the State requirement that they apply for and to independently represent the State program, including the number, obtain a permit. The notification agency in court on all matters pertaining occupations, and general duties of the required by this paragraph shall require to the State program. employees. The State need not submit applications to be filed as 8008 as complete job descriptions for every possible, but not later than four years [Note-EPA will supply States with an employee carrying out the State after program approval for all Injection Attorney General's statement formation request.] program. wells requiring a permit; (2) An itemization of the estimated (5) A description of any rule under (b) When a State seeks authority over costs of establishing and administering which the Director proposes to authorize activities on Indian lands. the statement the program for the first two years after injections, including the text of the rule; shall contain an appropriate analysis of approval. including cost of the personnel (6) For any existing enhanced the State's authority. listed in paragraph (b)(1) of this section, recovery and hydrocarbon storage wells $ 145.25 Memorandum of Agreement with cost of administrative support, and cost which the Director proposes to authorize the Regional Administrator. of technical support. by rule, a description of the procedure (3) An itemization of the sources and (a) Any State that seeks to administer for reviewing the wells for compliance amounts of funding. including an a program under this Part shall submit a with applicable monitoring. reporting, estimate of Federal grant money, Memorandum of Agreement. The construction. and financial available to the State Director for the Memorandum of Agreement shall be responsibility requirements of II 144.51 first two years after approval to meet executed by the State Director and the and 144.52, and 40 CFR Part 146; the costs listed in paragraph (b)(2) of Regional Administrator and shall (7) A description of and schedule for this section. identifying any restrictions the State's program to establish and become effective when approved by the or limitations upon this funding. Administrator. In addition to meeting maintain a current inventory of injection (c) A description of applicable State the requirements of paragraph (b) of this wells which must be permitted under procedures. including permitting State law; section, the Memorandum of Agreement procedures and any State administrative may include other terms. conditions, or (8) Where the Director had designated or judicial review procedures. agreements consistent with this Part and underground sources of drinking water (d) Copies of the permit form(s). relevant to the administration and in accordance with I 144.7[a], a application form(s), reporting form(s). description and Identification of all such enforcement of the State's regulatory and manifest format the State intends to program. The Administrator shall not designated sources in the State: employ in its program. Forms used by (9) A description of aquifers. or parts approve any Memorandum of States need not be identical to the forms thereof, which the Director has Agreement which contains provisions used by EPA but should require the identified under & 144.7(b) as exempted which restrict EPA's statutory oversight same basic information. The State need aquifers, and a summary of supporting responsibility. not provide copies of uniform national data: (b) The Memorandum of Agreement forms it intends to use but should note (10) A description of and schedule for shall include the following: its intention to use such forms. the State's program to ban Class IV (1) Provisions for the prompt transfer [Note.-States are encouraged to use wells prohibited under $ 144.13; and from EPA to the State of pending permit uniform national forms established-by the (11) A description of and schedule for applications and any other information Administrator. If uniform national forms are the State's program to establish an relevant to program operation not used. they may be modified to include the inventory of Class V wells and to assess already in the possession of the State State Agency's name, address. logo, and the need for a program to regulate Class Director (e.g., support files for permit. other similar information, as appropriate. in V wells. issuance. compliance reports. etc.). place of EPA's] When existing permits are transferred (e) A complete description of the I 145.24 Attorney General's statement. from EPA to State for administration. State's compliance tracking and (a) Any State that seeks to administer the Memorandum of Agreement shall enforcement program. a program under this Part shall submit e contain provisions specifying a (f) A State UIC program description statement from the State Attorney procedure for transferring the shall also include: General (or the attorney for those State administration of these permits. If a. (1) A schedule for issuing permits or interstate agencies which have State lacks the authority to directly within five years after program approval independent legal counsel) that the laws administer permits issued by the Federal Federal Register Vol. 48, No. 64 Friday, April 1, 1983 / Rules and Regulations 14207 government. a procedure may be Subpert D-Program Approval, may require persons wishing to present established to transfer responsibility for Revision and Withdrawal testimony to file a request with the these permits. Regional Administrator, who may $145.81 Approval process. [Note-For example. EPA and the State cancel the public hearing If sufficient and the permittee could agree that the State (a) Prior to submitting an application public interest in a hearing is not would issue a permit(s) identical to the to the Administrator for approval of a expressed: outstanding Federal permit which would State UIC program, the State shall issue (2) Afford the public 30 days after the simultaneously be terminated.] public notice of its intent to adopt a UIC notice to comment on the State's (2) Provisions specifying classes and program and to seek program approval submission: and categories of permit applications, draft from EPA. This public notice shall: (3) Note the availability of the State permits, and proposed permits that the (1) Be circulated in a manner submission for inspection and copying calculated to attract the attention of State will send to the Regional by the public. Administrator for review, comment and, interested persons. Circulation of the public notice shall include publication in (d) The Administrator shall approve where applicable, objection. enough of the largest newspapers in the State programs which conform to the (3) Provisions specifying the frequency State to attract Statewide attention and applicable requirements of this Part. and content of reports, documents and other information which the State is mailing to persons on appropriate State (e) Within 90 days of the receipt of a complete submission (as provided in required to submit to EPA. The State mailing lists and to any other persons shall allow EPA to routinely review whom the agency has reason to believe I 145.22) or material amendment thereto, are interested; the Administrator shall by rule either State records. reports, and files relevant (2) Indicate when and where the fully approve, disapprove, or approve in to the administration and enforcement State's proposed program submission part the State's UIC program taking into of the approved program. State reports may be reviewed by the public: account any comments submitted. The may be combined with grant reports (3) Indicate the cost of obtaining a Administrator shall give notice of this where appropriate. copy of the submission: rule in the Federal Register and in (4) Provisions on the State's (4) Provide for a comment period of accordance with paragraph (a)(1) of this compliance monitoring and enforcement not less than 30 days during which section. If the Administrator determines program. including: interested persons may comment on the not to approve the State program or to (i) Provisions for coordination of proposed UIC program: approve It only in part, the notice shall compliance monitoring activities by the (5) Schedule a public hearing on the include a concise statement of the State and by EPA. These may specify State program for no less than 30 days reasons for this determination. A the basis on which the Regional after notice of the hearing is published; responsiveness summary shall be Administrator will select facilities or (6) Briefly outline the fundamental prepared by the Regional Office which activities within the State for EPA aspects of the State UIC program: and Identifies the public participation inspection. The Regional Administrator (7) Identify a person that an interested activities conducted. describes the will normally notify the State at least 7 member of the public may contact for matters presented to the public, days before any such inspection: and further information. summarizes significant comments (ii) Procedures to assure coordination (b) After complying with the received. and explains the Agency's of enforcement activities. requirements of paragraph (a) of this response to these comments. The (5) When appropriate, provisions for section any State may submit a responsiveness summary shall be sent joint processing of permits by the State proposed UIC program under section to those who testified at the public and EPA, for facilities or activities 1422 of SDWA and I 145.22 of this Part hearing, and to others upon request. which require permits from both EPA to EPA for approval. Such a submission and the State under different programs. shall include a showing of compliance 1 145.32 Procedures for revision of State See I 124.4. with paragraph (a) of this section; copies programs. (6) Provisions for modification of the of all written comments received by the (a) Either EPA or the approved State Memorandum of Agreement in State: a transcript, recording or may initiate program revision. Program accordance with this Part. summary of any public hearing which revision may be necessary when the (c) The Memorandum of Agreement. was held by the State: and a controlling Federal or State statutory or the annual program and grant and the responsiveness summary which regulatory authority is modified or State/EPA Agreement should be identifies the public participation supplemented. The state shall keep EPA consistent. If the State/EPA Agreement activities conducted, describes the fully informed of any proposed indicates that a change is needed in the matters presented to the public, modifications to its basic statutory or Memorandum of Agreement. the summarizes significant comments regulatory authority, its forms, Memorandum of Agreement may be received, and responds to these procedures, or priorities. amended through the procedures set comments. A copy of the responsiveness (b) Revision of a State program shall forth in this part. The State/EPA summary shall be sent to those who be accomplished as follows: Agreement may not override the testified at the hearing. and others upon (1) The State shall submit a modified Memorandum of Agreement. request. program description, Attorney General's [Note.-Detailed program priorities and (c) After determining that a State's statement, Memorandum of Agreement, specific arrangements for EPA support of the submission for UIC program approval is or such other documents as EPA State program will change and are therefore complete the Administrator shall issue determines to be necessary under the more appropriately negotiated in the context public notice of the submission in the circumstances. of annual agreements rather than in the MOA. However, it may still be appropriate to Federal Register and in accordance with (2) Whenever EPA determines that the specify in the MOA the basis for such paragraph (a)(1) of this section. Such proposed program revision is detailed agreements, e.g., a provision in the notice shall: substantial, EPA shall issue public MOA specifying that EPA will select facilities (1) Indicate that a public hearing will notice and provide an opportunity to in the State for inspection annually as part of be held by EPA no earlier than 30 days comment for a period of at least 30 days. the State/EPA agreement.] after notice of the hearing. The notice The public notice shall be mailed to 14288 Federal Register 48, No. 64 / Friday. April w 1983 and Regulations interested persons and shall be (2) Whom the operation of the State program is not in compliance with the published in the Federal Register and in program fails to comply with the requirements of SDWA and this Part. enough of the largest newspapers in the requirements of this Part including: (1) Notice to State of Public Hearing. State to provide Statewide coverage. (i) Failure to exercise control over If the Administrator has cause to believe The public notice shall summarize the activities required to be regulated under that a State is not administering or proposed revisions and provide for the this Part. including failure to issue enforcing its authorized program in opportunity to request a public hearing. permits compliance with the requirements of Such a hearing will be held is there if (iii) Repeated issuance of permits SDWA and this Part. he or she shall significant public interest based on which do not conform to the inform the State by registered mail of requests received. requirements of this Part or the specific areas of alleged (3) The Administrator shall approve or (iii) Failure to comply with the public noncompliance. If the State disapprove program revisions based on participation requirements of this Part. demonstrates to the Administrator the requirements of this Part and of the (3) When the State's enforcement within 30 days of such notification that Safe Drinking Water Act. program fails to comply with the the State program is in compliance. the (4) A program revision shall become requirements of this Part. including Administrator shall take no further effective upon the approval of the (i) Failure to act on violations of action toward withdrawal and shall so Administrator. Notice of approval of any permits or other program requirements: notify the State by registered mail. substantial revision shall be published (ii) Failure to seek adequate (2) Public Hearing. If the State has not in the Federal Register. Notice of enforcement penalties or to collect demonstrated its compliance to the approval of non-substantial program administrative fines when imposed: or satisfaction of the Administrator within revisions may be given by a letter from (iii) Failure to inspect and monitor 30 days after notification. the the Administrator to the State Governor activities subject to regulation. Administrator shall inform the State or his designee. (4) When the State program fails to Director and schedule a public hearing (c) States with approved programs comply with the terms of the to discuss withdrawal of the State shall notify EPA whenever they propose Memorandum of Agreement required program. Notice of such public hearing to transfer all or part of any program under I 145.24. shall be published in the Federal from the approved State agency to any other State agency, and shall identify I 145.34 Procedures for withdrawal of Register and in enough of the largest State programs. newspapers in the State to attract any new division of responsibilities (a) A State with a program approved statewide attention, and mailed to among the agencies involved. The new under this Part may voluntarily transfer persons on appropriate State and EPA agency is not authorized to administer the program until approval by the program responsibilities required by mailing lists. This hearing shall be Federal law to EPA by taking the convened not less than 60 days nor more Administrator under paragraph (b) of this section. Organizational charts following actions, or in such other than 75 days following the publication of manner as may be agreed upon with the the notice of the hearing. Notice of the required under 4 145.23(b) shall be revised and resubmitted. Administrator. hearing shall identify the (d) Whenever the Administrator has (1) The State shall give the Administrator's concerns. AB interested reason to believe that circumstances Administrator 180 days notice of the persons shall be given opportunity to proposed transfer and shall submit a make written or oral presentation on the have changed with respect to a State plan for the orderly transfer of all State's program at the public hearing. program. he may request. and the State relevant program information not in the (3) Notice to State of Findings. When shall provide, a supplemental Attorney General's statement, program possession of EPA (such as permits. the Administrator finds after the public description. or such other documents or permit files. compliance files, reports, hearing that the State is not in information as are necessary. permit applications) which are compliance. be or she shall notify the (e) The State shall submit the necessary for EPA to administer the State by registered mail of the specific information required under paragraph program. deficiencies in the State program and of (2) Within 80 days of receiving the necessary remedial actions. Within 90 (b)(1) of this section within 270 days of notice and trensfer plan, the days of receipt of the above letter. the any amendment to this Part or 40 CFR Parts 144, 148, or 124 which revises or Administrator shall evaluate the State's State shall either carry out the required transfer plan and shall identify any remedial action or the Administrator" adds any requirement respecting an approved UIC program. additional information needed by the shall withdraw program approval. If the Federal government for program State carries out the remedial action or, I 145.33 Criteria for withdrawal of State administration and/or identify any other as a result of the hearing is found to be programs. deficiencies in the plan. in compliance. the Administrator shall (a) The Administrator may withdraw (3) At least 30 days before the transfer so notify the State by registered mail program approval when a State program is to occur the Administrator shall and conclude the withdrawal no longer complies with the publish notice of the transfer in the proceedings. requirements of this Part. and the State Federal Register and in enough of the fails to take corrective action. Such largest newspapers in the State to circumstances include the following: provide Statewide coverage. and shall (1) When the State's legal authority no mail notice to all permit holders, permit longer meets their requirements of this applicants. other regulated persons and Part, including: other interested persons OR appropriate (i) Failure of the State to promulgate EPA and State mailing lists. or enact new authorities when (b) Approval of a State UIC program necessary: or may be withdrawn and a Federal (ii) Action by a State legislature or program established in its place when court striking down or limiting State the Administrator determines. after authorities. holding a public hearing. that the State S-620 132:0451 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY CRITERIA AND STANDARDS FOR THE UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAM (40 CFR 146; 45 FR 42500, June 24, 1980, Effective July 24, 1980; 46 FR 43160, August 27, 1981; 47 FR 4998, February 3, 1982; 47 FR 32129, July 26, 1982) PART 146-UNDERGROUND Authority: Secs. 1421. 1422. 1423, 1431, 1445. Abandoned well means a well whose INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAM: 1447, and 1450 of the Safe Drinking Water use has been permanently discontinued CRITERIA AND STANDARDS Act. as amended. 42 U.S.C. 300(f) et. seq. or which is in a state of disrepair such that it cannot be used for its intended Subpart A-General Provisions Subpart A-General Provisions purpose or for observation purposes. Sec. Administrator means the 146.01 Applicability and scope. I 146.01 Applicability and scope. Administrator of the United States 146.02 Law authorizing these regulations. (a) This Part sets forth technical Environmental Protection Agency. or an 146.03 Definitions. criteria and standards for the authorized representative. 146.04 Criteria for exempted aquifers. 146.05 Classification of injection wells. Underground Injection Control Program. Application means the EPA standard 146.06 Area of review. This part should be read in conjunction national forms for applying for a permit, 146.07 Corrective action. with 40 CFR Parts 122. 123. and 124 including any additions, revisions or 146.08 Mechanical integrity. which also apply to UIC programs. 40 modifications to the forms: or forms 146.09 Criteria for establishing permitting CFR Part 122 defines the regulatory approved by EPA for use in approved priorities. to framework of EPA administered permit States, including any approved 146.10 Plugging and abandoning Class I-III programs. 40 CFR Part 123 describes the modifications or revisions. For RCRA wells. elements of an approvable State application also includes the Subpart B-Criteria and Standards program and procedures for EPA information required by the Director Applicable to Class I Wells approval of State participation in the under $ 122.25 (contents of Part B of the 146,11 Applicability. permit programs. 40 CFR Part 124 RCRA application). 146.12 Construction requirements. describes the procedures the Agency Aquifer means a geological formation, 146.13 Operating. monitoring and reporting will use for issuing permits under the group of formations. or part of a requirements. covered programs. Certain of these formation that is capable of yielding a 146.14 Information to be considered by the procedures will also apply to Statesignificant amount of water to a well or Director. administered programs as specified in 40 spring. 146.15 Mid course evaluation requirements. CFR Part 123. Area of review means the area (b) Upon the approval. partial surrounding an injection well Subpart C-Criteria and Standards described according to the criteria set- Applicable to Class II Wells approval or promulgation of a State UIC forth in $146.06 or in the case of an 146.21 Applicability. program by the Administrator, any area permit, the project area plus a 146.22 Construction requirements. underground injection which is not circumscribing area the width of 146.23 Operating. monitoring. and reporting authorized by the Director by rule or by which is either 1/4 of a mile or a requirements. permit is unlawful. number calculated according to the 146.24 information to be considered by the criteria set forth in: $146.06. director. $ 146.02 Law authorizing these [Amended by 46 FR 43160, August 27, 146.25 Mid course evaluation requirements. regulations. 1981] Subpert D-Criteria and Standards The laws authorizing these regulations Casing means a pipe or. tubing of Applicable to Class III Wells and all other UIC program regulations appropriate material, or varying 146.31 Applicability. are referenced in 40 CFR part 122. They diameter and weight, lowered into a 146.32 Construction requirements. include Sections 1421. 1422. 1423, 1431, borehole during or after drilling in 146.33 Operating. monitoring and reporting 1445, 1447 and 1450 of the Public Health order to support the sides of the hole requirements. Service Act as amended by the Safe and thus prevent the walls from 146.34 Information to be considered by the Drinking Water Act ("SDWA") (Pub. L caving, to prevent loss of drilling mud Director. 93-523) and by the SDWA Amendments into porous ground. or to prevent 146.35 Mid course evaluation requirements. of 1977 (Pub. L 95-190). water, gas, or other fluid from Subpart E-Criteria and Standards entering or leaving the hole. Applicable to Class IV Injection Wells [Amended by 46 FR 43150, August 27, $146.03 Definitions. 1981] Subpart F-Criteria and Standards [Amended by 46 FR 43160, August 27, Catastrophic collapse means the Applicable to Class V Injection Wells 1981] sudden and utter failure of overlying 146.51 Applicability. The following definitions apply to the "strata" caused by removal of 146.52 Inventory and Assessment. underground injection control program. underlying materials. (Sec. 146.03] 9-10-82 Published by THE BUREAU OF NATIONAL AFFAIRS. INC.. WASHINGTON. D.C. 20037 151 132:0452 FEDERAL REGULATIONS Cementing means the operation fill activity, or any other facility or not include RCRA interim status whereby a cement slurry is pumped into activity (including land or (§ 122.23). UIC authorization by rule a drilled hole and/or forced behind the appurtenances thereto) that is subject to (§ 122.37). or any permit which has not casing. regulation under the RCRA, UIC. yet been the subject of final agency Confining bed means a body of NPDES. or 404 programs. action. such as a "draft permit" or a impermeable or distinctly less Fault means a surface or zone of rock "proposed permit." permeable material stratigraphically fracture along which there has been Plugging means the act or process of adjacent to one or more aquifers. displacement. stopping the flow of water. oil, or gas in Confining zone means a geological Flow rate means the volume per time "formations" penetrated by a borehole formation. group of formations, or part unit given to the flow of gases or other or "well." of a formation that is capable of limiting fluid substance which emerges from an Plugging means the act or process of fluid movement above an injection zone. orifice. pump, turbine or passes along a stopping the flow of water, oil or gas Contaminant means any physical. conduit or channel. into or out of a formation through a chemical, biological, or radiological Fluid means material or substance borehole or well penetrating that substance or matter in water. which flows or moves whether in a formation. Conventional mine means an open pit semisolid. liquid. sludge, gas, or any [Amended by 46 FR 43160, August 27, or underground excavation for the other form or state. 1981] production of minerals. Formation means a body of rock Pressure means the total load or characterized by a degree of lithologic [Added by 47 FR 4998, February 3. [982] force per unit area acting on a surface. homogeneity which is prevailingly, but Director means the Regional not necessarily, tabular and is mappable Project means a group of wells in a sin- Administrator or the State Director, as on the earth's surface or traceable in the gle operation. the context requires. or an authorized subsurface. [Added by 47 FR 4998, February 3, 1982] representative. When there is no Formation fluid means "fluid" present Radioactive Waste means any waste approved State program. and there is an in a "formation" under natural which contains radioactive material in EPA administered program. "Director" conditions as opposed to introduced concentrations which exceed those means the Regional Administrator. fluids. such as drilling much listed in 10 CFR Part 20, Appendix B, When there is an approved State Generator means any person. by site Table II column 2. program. "Director" normally means the location. whose act or process produces [Amended by 46 FR 43160, August 27, State Director. In some circumstances, hazardous waste identified or listed in 1981] however. EPA retains the authority to 40 CFR Part 261 RCRA means the Solid Waste take certain actions even where there is Ground water means water below the Disposal Act as amended by the an approved State program. (For land surface in a zone of saturation. Resource Conservation and Recovery example, when EPA issued an NPDES Hazardous waste means a hazardous Act of 1976 (Pub. L 94-580, as amended permit prior to the approval of & State waste as defined in 40 CFR 261.3. by Pub. L 95-609, 42 U.S.C. 6901 et seq.) program. EPA may retain jurisdiction Hazardous Waste Management over that permit after program approval. SDWA means the Safe Drinking facility ("HWM facility") means all see $ 123.69.) In such cases. the term Water Act (Pub. 95-523. as amended contiguous land. and structures. other "Director" means the Regional: by Pub. L 95-190, 42 U.S.C. 300(f) et appurtenances, and improvements on Administrator and not the State seq.). Director. the land used for treating, storing. or Site means the land or water area Disposal well means a well used for disposing of hazardous waste. A facility where any facility or activity is the disposal of waste into 8 subsurface may consist of several treatment, physically located or conducted. stratum. storage, or disposal operational units including adjacent land used in Effective date of a UIC program (for example, one or more landfills, connection with the facility or activity. means the date that a State UIC surface impoundments, or combination Sole or principal source acquifer program is approved or established by of them)- means an aquifer which has been the Administrator. HWM facility means "Hazardous designated by the Administrator Environmental Protection Agency Waste Management facility.' pursuant to sections 1424 (a) or (e) of the ("EPA") means the United States Injection well means a "well" into SDWA. Environmental Protection Agency. which "fluids" are being injected. State-Director means the chief EPA means the United States Injection zone means a geological administrative officer of any State or "Environmental Protection Agency." "formation", group of formations, or part interstate agency operating an approved Exempted acquifer means an aquifer of a formation receiving fluids through a program. or the delegated representative or its portion that meets the criteria in well. of the State Director. If responsibility is the definition of "underground source of Lithology means the description of divided among two or more State or drinking water" but which has been rocks on the basis of their physical and interstate agencies. "State Director" exempted according to the procedures of chemical characteristics. means the chief administrative officer of $ 122.35(b). Owner or operator means the owner the State or interstate agency authorized Existing injection well means an or operator of any facility or activity to perform the particular procedure or "injection well" other than a "new subject to regulation under the RCRA function to which reference is made. injection well." UIC, NPDES. or 404 programs. Stratum (plural strata) means a single Experimental technology means a tech- Packer means a device lowered into a sedimentary bed or layer. regardless of well to produce a fluid-tight seal. thickness. that consists of generally the nology which has not been proven feasible same kind of rock material. under the conditions in which it is being [Revised by 47 FR 4998, February 3, 1982] Subsidence means the lowering of the tested. Permit means an authorization. natural land surface in response to: [Added by 47 FR 4998, February 3, 1982] license. or equivalent control document Earth movements; lowering of fluid Facility or activity means any "HWM issued by EPA or an "approved State" to pressure; removal of underlying facility," UIC "Injection well," NPDES implement the requirements of this part supporting material by mining or "point source." or State 404 dredge and and Parts 122, 123 and 124. Permit does solution of solids. either artificially or Environment Reporter [Sec. 146.03] 152 S-620 INJECTION WELLS CRITER 132:0453 from natural causes: compaction due to (b) It cannot now and will not in the (2) For enhanced recovery of oil or wetting (Hydrocompaction): oxidation of future serve as a-source of drinking natural gas; and organic matter in soils; or added load on water because: (3) For storage of hydrocarbons which the land surface. (1) It is mineral. hydrocarbon or are liquid at standard temperature and Surface casing means the first string geothermal energy producing, or can be pressure. of well casing to be installed in the well. demonstrated by a permit applicant as Total dissolved solids ("TDS") means part of a permit application for a Class II (c) Class III. Wells which inject for. or III operation to contain minerals or extraction of minerals including: the total dissolved (filterable) solids as determined by use of the method hydrocarbons that considering their [146.05(c) amended by 47 FR 4998, specified in 40 CFR Part 136. quantity and location are expected to be February 3, 1982] commercially producible. UIC means the Underground Injection (1) Mining of sulfur by the Frasch Control program under Part C of the [146.04(b)(1) revised by 47 FR 4998, process; Safe Drinking Water Act. including an February 3, 1982] (2) In situ production of uranium or "approved program." (2) It is situated at a depth or location other metals. This category includes Underground injection means a "well which makes recovery of water for only in-situ production from ore injection." drinking water purposes economically bodies which have not been Underground source of drinking water or technologically impractical: conventionally mined. Solution mining (USDW) means an aquifer or its portion: (3) It is SO contaminated that it would of conventional mines such as stopes. (1)(i) Which supplies any public water be economically ot technologically leaching is included in Class V. system: or impractical to render that water fit for [146.05(c)(2) revised by 46 FR 43160, human consumption; or August 27, 1981] (ii) Which contains a sufficient quantity of ground water to supply a (4) It is located over a Class III well (3) Solution mining of salts or public water system: and mining area subject to subsidence or potash. [New 146.05(c)(3) added and former (A) Currently supplies drinking water catastrophic collapse: OF (3), (4) redesignated as (4), (5) by 46 FR for human consumption: or [146.04(b)(4) amended by 47 FR 4998, 43160, August 27, 1981] (B) Contains fewer than 10,000 mg/1 February 3, 1982] (4) [Removed] total dissolved solids: and (c). The Total Dissolved Solids content (2) Which is not an exempted aquifer. 146.05(c)(4) removed by 47 FR 4998, of the ground water is more than 3,000 February 3, 1982] (Revised by 47 FR 4998, February 3, 1982] and less than 10.000 mg/l and it is not reasonably expected to supply a public (5) [Removed] USDW means "underground source of water system. drinking water." [146.05(c)(5) removed by 47 FR 4998, [146.04(c) added bye 47 FR: 4998 Well means a bored, drilled or driven February 3, 1982] shaft, or a dug hole, whose depth is February 3, 1982] our ADM: (d) Class IV greater than the largest surface (1) Wells used by generators of dimension. hazardous waste or of radioactive Well injection means the subsurface $ 146.05 Classification of Injection wells. waste. by owners or operators of emplacement of fluids through a bored, Injection wells are classified as hazardous waste management facilities. drilled or driven well; or through a dug follows: or by owners or operators of radioactive well, where the depth of the dug well is (a) Class 1. (1) Wells used by generawaste disposal sites to dispose of greater than the largest surface tors of hazardous waste or owners or hazardous waste or radioactive waste dimension. operators of hazardous waste management into a formation which within one Well plug means a watertight and facilities to inject hazardous waste bequarter (1/4) mile of the well contains an gastight seal installed in a borehole or neath the lowermost formation containing, underground source of drinking water. well to prevent movement of fluids. within one quarter (1/4) mile of the well (2) Wells used by generators of Well stimulation means several bore, an underground source of drinking hazardous waste or of radioactive processes used to clean the well bore. waste, by owners or operators of water. enlarge channels, and increase pore hazardous waste management space in the interval to be injected thus [146.05(a)(1) revised by 47 FR 4998, facilities, or by owners or operators of making it possible for wastewater to February 3, 1982] radioactive waste disposal sites to move more readily into the formation, (2) Other industrial and municipal dispose of hazardous waste or and includes (1) surging, (2) jetting. (3) disposal wells which inject fluids radioactive waste above a formation blasting. (4) acidizing, (5) hydraulic beneath the lowermost formation which within one quarter (1/4) mile of the fracturing. containing. within one quarter mile of well contains an underground source of Well monitoring means the the well bore. an underground source of drinking water. measurement, by on-site instruments or drinking water. (3) Wells used by generators of laboratory methods, of the quality of (b) Class II. Wells which inject fluids: hazardous waste or owners or operators water in a well. (1) Which are brought to the surface in of hazardous waste management $ 146.04 Criteria for exempted aquifers. connection with conventional oil or facilities to dispose of hazardous waste, which cannot be classified under An aquifer or a portion thereof which natural gas production and may be meets the criteria for an "underground commingled with waste waters from gas 146.05(a)(1) or 146.05(d) (1) and (2) source of drinking water" in $ 146.03 plants which are an integral part of (e.g., wells used to dispose of hazardous wastes into or above a formation which may be determined under 40 CFR 122.35 production operations, unless those waters are classified as a hazardous contains an aquifer which has been to be an "exempted aquifer" if it meets waste at the time of injection. exempted pursuant to $ 146.04). the following criteria: (a) It does not currently serve as a [146.05(b)(1) revised by 47 FR 4998, [146.05(d) revised by 47 FR 4998, source of drinking water. and February 3, 1982] February 3, 1982] [Sec. 146.05(d)(3)] 9-10-82 Published by THE BUREAU OF NATIONAL AFFAIRS. INC., WASHINGTON, D.C. 20037 153 132:0454 FEDERAL REGULATIONS (e) Class V-Injection wells not (13) Wells used for solution mining of *Thickness of the Injection zone (length) included in Class I. II. III, or IV. Class V conventional mines such as stopes leaching; t=Time of injection (time) wells include: [146.05(e)(14) and (15) added by 46 FR. S=Storage coefficient (dimensionless) [146.05(e) amended by 47 FR 4998, 43160, August 27, 1981) Q=Injection rate (volume/time) (14) Wells used to inject spent brine into February 3, 1982] the same formation from which it was Observed original hydrostatic head of [1] Air conditioning return flow wells used withdrawn after extraction of halogens or injection zone (length) measured from their salts; the base of the lowermost underground to return to the supply aquifer the water used (15) Injection wells used in experimental source of drinking water for heating or cooling in a heat pump: technologies Hydrostatic head of underground source (2) Cesspools including multiple dwelling. community or regional (16) Injection wells used for in situ of drinking water (length) measured from recovery of lignite, coal. tar sands, and the base of the lowest underground cesspools. OF other devices that receive source of drinking water oil shale. wastes which have an open bottom and S,C,=Specific gravity of fluid in the injection sometimes have perforated sides. The [146.05(e)(16) added by 47 FR 4998, zone (dimensionless) UIC requirements do not apply, to single February 3, 1982] w=3.142 (dimensioniess) family residential cesspools nor to non- 146.06 Area of Review. The above equation is based on the residential cesspools which receive The area of review for each injection following assumptions: solely sanitary wastes and have the capacity to serve fewer than 20 persons well or each field. project or area of the (i) The injection zone is homogenous a day. State shall be determined according to and isotropic; either paragraph (a) or (b) of this (ii) The injection zone has infinite [146.05(e)(2) revised by 47 FR 4998, section. The Director may solicit input area extent: February 3, 1982] from the owners or operators of (iii) The injection well penetrates the (3) Cooling water return flow wells used to injection wells within the State as to entire thickness of the injection zone; inject water previously used for cooling; which method is most appropriate for (iv) The well diameter is (4) Drainage wells used to drain surface each geographic area or field infinitesimal compared to "I" when fluid. primarily storm runoff. into 8 (146.06(a) and (b): revised by 46 FR injection time is longer than a few subsurface formation: 43160, August 27, 1981] minutes; and (5) Dry wells used for the injection of wastes into a subsurface formation: (a) Zone of endangering influence. (v) The emplacement of fluid into the (6) Recharge wells used to replenish the (I) The zone of endangering influence injection zone creates instantaneous water in an aquifer: shall be? increase in pressure. (7) Salt water intrusion barrier wells used (i) In the case of application(s) for (b) Fixed Radius: (1) In the case of to inject water into a fresh water aquifer to well permit(s) under $122.38 that application(s) for well permit(s) under prevent the intrusion of saltwater into the the radius which is the lateral distance $122.38 a fixed radius around the well fresh water, in which the pressures in the injection of not less than one-fourth (1/4) mile (8) Sand backfill and other backfill wells zone may cause the migration of the may be used used to inject 8 mixture of water and sand. injection and/or formation fluid into mill tailings or other solids into mined out (2) In the case of an application for an underground source of drinking portions of subsurface mines whether what an area permit under $122.39 a fixed water: or is injected. is. a radioactive waste or not width of not less than one-fourth (1/4) [146.05(e)(8) amended by 46 FR 43160 (II) In the case of an application for mile for the circumscribing area may August 27 1981] an area permit under $122.39, the be used. (9) Septic system wells used to inject project area plus a: circumscribing area the width of: which is the lateral the waste or effluent from a multiple In determining the fixed radius, the dwelling. business establishment distance from the perimeter of the following factors shall be taken into project area, in which the pressures in community or regional business consideration: Chemistry of injected the injections zone may cause the establishment septic tank. The UIC and formation fluids; hydrogeology; migration of the injection and/or: requirements do not apply to single population and ground-water use and formation fluid into an underground family residential septic system wells. dependence; and historical practices in source of drinking water: nor to non-residential septic system the area. wells which are used solely for the [146.06(a)(2) amended by 47 FR 4998, (c) If the area of review is determined disposal of sanitary waste and have the February 3, 1982]. by a mathematical model pursuant to capacity to serve fewer than 20 persons. (2) Computation of the zone of paragraph (a) of this section. the a day endangering influence may be based permissible radius is the result of such upon the parameters listed below and calculation even if it is less than one- (146.05(e)(9)) revised by: 47 FR: 4998, February 3; 1982] name should be calculated for an injection fourth (4/4) mile. time period equal to the expected life of (10) Subsidence control wells (not used for the injection well or pattern. The § 146.07 Corrective Action. the purpose of oil or natural gas production) used to inject fluids into anon-oil OF gas following modified Theis equation In determining the adequacy of producing zone to reduce or eliminate illustrates one form which the corrective action proposed by the subsidence associated with the overdraft of mathematical model may take applicant under 40 CFR 122.44 and in fresh water; 2.25KHt determining the additional steps needed (11) Radioactive waste disposal wells S10* to prevent fluid movement into other than Class IV: (146.05(e)(11) revised by 43160, underground sources of drinking water, where August 27, 1981) the following criteria and factors shall (12) Injection wells associated with X= 4nKHfh be considered by the Director: the recovery of geothermal energy for: 23Q [146.07(a) and (b) revised by 46 FR heating. aquaculture and production of 43160, August 27, 1981] electric power. Radius of endan (ering influence from (a) Nature and volume of injected injection well (iength) fluid; [146.05(e)(12) revised by 47 FR, 4998, Hydraulic conductivity of the injection (b) Nature of native fluids or by- February 3. 19821 zone (length/time) products of injection; Environment Reporter [Sec. 146.07(b)] 154 S-620 INJECTION WELLS CRITER 132:0455 (c) Potentially affected population: (2) For Class II only, cementing (b) Injection wells known to be (d) Geology: records demonstrating the presence of injecting fluids containing hazardous (e) Hydrology: adequate cement to prevent such contaminants; (f) History of the injection operation: migration; or (c) Likelihood of contamination of (g) Completion and plugging records: (h) Abandonment procedures in effect [146.08(c)(3) and (4) added by 47 FR underground sources of drinking water. at the time the well was abandoned: and 4998, February 3, 1982] (d) Potentially affected population: (e) Injection wells violating existing (i) Hydraulic connections with (3) For Class III wells where the State requirements; underground sources of drinking water. nature of the casing precludes the use of (f) Coordination with the issuance of the logging techniques prescribed at permits required by other State or $ 146.08 Mechanical Integrity paragraph (c)(1) of this section, Federal permit programs: (a) An injection well has mechanical cementing records demonstrating the (g) Age and depth of the injection presence of adequate cement to prevent integrity if: well: and such migration: (h) Expiration dates of existing State (1) There is no significant leak in the (4) For Class III wells where the permits. If any. casing, tubing or packer; and Director elects to rely on cementing (2) There is no significant fluid records to demonstrate the absence of movement into an underground source $ 146.10 Plugging and abandoning Class significant fluid movement. the I-III wells. of drinking water through vertical monitoring program prescribed by channels adjacent to the injection well (a) Prior to abandoning Class I-III 146.33(b) shall he designed to verify bore. wells the well shall be plugged with the absence of signincant fluid cement in a manner which will not (b) One of the following methods must movement. allow the movement of fluids either into be used to evaluate the absence of significant leaks under paragraph (a)(1) (d) The Director may allow the use of or between underground sources of of this section: a test to demonstrate mechanical drinking water. The Director may allow integrity other than those listed in Class III wells to use other plugging (146.08(b) amended by 47 FR 4998, materials if he is satisfied that such February 3. 19821 paragraphs (b) and (e)(2) of this section with the written approval of the materials will prevent movement of (1) Monitoring of annulus pressure: or fluids into or between underground Administrator. To obtain approval. the (2) Pressure test with liquid OF gas: or Director shall submit a written request sources of drinking water [146.08(b)(2) amended by 47 FR 4998, to the Administrator, which shall set (146.10(a) revised by 47 FR 4998, February 3, 1982] forth the proposed test and all technical February 3, 1982] data supporting its use. The (3) Records of monitoring showing the (b) Placement of the cement plugs Administrator shall approve the request absence of significant changes in the shall be accomplished by one of the if it will reliably demonstrate the relationship between injection pressure following: mechanical integrity of wells for which and injection flow rate for the following (1) The Balance Method: its use is proposed. Any alternate Class II enhanced recovery wells method approved by the Administrator [146.10(b)(2) and (3) amended by 42 (i) Existing wells completed without a shall be published in the Federal FR 4998, February 3, 1982] packer provided that a pressure test has Register and may be used in all States (2) The Dump Bailer Method: been performed and the data is unless its use is restricted at the time of (3) The Two-Plug Method: or available and provided further that one approval by the Administrator. (4) An alternative method approved pressure test shall be performed at a (e) In conducting and evaluating the by the Director. which will reliably time when the well is shut down and if tests enumerated in this section or: provide a comparable level of protection the running of such a test will not cause others to be allowed by the Director. the to underground sources of drinking further loss of significant amounts of oil owner or operator and the Director shall water. or gas; or apply methods and standards generally (ii) Existing wells constructed without accepted in the industry. When the (146.10(b)(4) added by 47 FR 4998, a long string casing, but with surface owner or operator reports the results of February 3, 1982] casing which terminates at the base of mechanical integrity tests to the (c) The well to be abandoned shall be fresh water provided that locals Director. he shall include a description in a state of static equilibrium with the geological and hydrological features of the test(s) and the method(s) used. In mud weight equalized top to bottom: allow such construction and provided making his/her evaluation, the Director either by circulating the mud in the well further that the annular space shall be shall review monitoring and other test at least once or by a comparable method visually inspected. For these wells. the data submitted since the previous prescribed by the Director. prior to the Director shall prescribe a monitoring evaluation. placement of the cement plug(s). program which will verify the absence (d) The plugging and abandonment of significant fluid movement from the 146.09 Criteria for Establishing plan required in 40 CFR $ 122.42(f) and injection zone into an USDW. Permitting Priorities. 122.41(e) shall. in the case of a Class [146.08(b)(3) added by 47 FR 4998, III project which underlies or is in an In determining priorities for setting February 3. 1982] times for owners or operators to submit aquifer which has been exempted under 40 CFR 146.04. also demonstrate (c) One of the following methods must applications for authorization to inject adequate protection of USDWs. The be used to détermine the absence of under the procedures of § 122.38 or Director shall prescribe aquifer cleanup significant fluid movement under $ 123.4(g), the Director shall base these paragraph (a)(2) of this sections priorities upon consideration of the and monitoring where he deems it necessary and feasible to insure [146.08 (c)(1) and (2) revised by 46 FR following factors: 43160, August 27, 1981] (a) Injection wells known or suspected adequate protection of USDWs. (1) The results of a temperature or to be contaminating underground [146.10(d) amended by 47 FR 4998, noise log: or sources of drinking water: February 3, 1982] [Sec: 146.10(d)] Published by THE BUREAU OF NATIONAL AFFAIRS. INC.. WASHINGTON. D.C. 20037 155 9-10-82 132:0456 FEDERAL REGULATIONS Subpart B-Criteria and Standards (iii) Injection pressure; Operating Requirements: Applicable to Class 1 Wells (iv) Annular pressure: Operating requirements shall, at a (v) Rate. temperature and volume of minimum, specify that: $ 146.11 Applicability. injected fluid: and (1) Except during stimulation This subpart establishes criteria and (vi) Size of casing. injection pressure at the wellhead shall standards for underground injection (d) Appropriate logs and other tests not exceed a maximum which shall be control programs to regulate Class I shall be conducted during the drilling calculated so as to assure that the wells. and construction of new Class I wells. pressure in the injection zone during A, descriptive report interpreting the injection does not initiate new $ 146.12 Construction Requirements. results of such logs and tests shall be fractures or propagate existing (a) Class I wells shall be sited in prepared by a knowledgeable log fractures in the injection zone. In no such a fashion that they inject into a analyst and submitted to the Director. case shall injection pressure initiate formation which is beneath the At a minimum, such logs and tests fractures in the confining zone or lowermost formation containing. within shall include: cause the movement of injection or one quarter mile of the well bore, an (146.12(d) amended by 46 FR 43160, formation fluids into an underground underground source of drinking water. August 27 1981] source of drinking water. (b) All Class I wells shall be cased (1) Deviation checks on all holes ad-cemented to prevent the movement constructed by first drilling a pilot hole. 46.13(a)(1) amended by 46 FR 43160, of fluids into or between underground and then enlarging the pilot hole by August 27, 1981] sources of drinking water: The casing reaming or another method. Such checks and cement used in the construction of shall be at sufficiently frequent intervals (2) Injection between the outermost each newly drilled well shall be: to assure that vertical avenues for fluid casing protecting underground sources designed for the life expectancy of the migration in the form of diverging holes of drinking water and the well bore is well. In determining and specifying: are not created during drilling. prohibited. casing and cementing requirements. the (2) Such other logs and tests as may (3) Unless an alternative to a packer following factors shall be considered: be needed after taking into account the has been approved under $ 146.12(c), the (1) Depth to the injection zone: availability of similar data in the area of annulus between the tubing and the long (2) Injection pressure. external the drilling site. the construction plan. string of casings shall be filled with a pressure. internal pressure, and axial and the need for additional information, fluid approved by the Director and a loading: amount that may arise from time to time as the pressure, also approved by the Director. (3) Hole size: construction of the well progresses. In shall be maintained on the annulus. (4) Size and grade of all casing strings determining which logs and tests shall (wall thickness, diameter, nominal be required. the following logs shall be (b) Monitoring Requirements weight, length. joint specification. and considered for use in the following Monitoring requirements shall, at a construction material); situations: The minimum. include: (5) Corrosiveness of injected fluid. (i) For surface casing intended tor (1) The analysis of the injected fluids formation fluids. and temperatures: protect underground sources of drinking with sufficient frequency to yield (6) Lithology of injection and confining water. and representative data of their intervals: and 8224 87 (A) Resistivity. spontaneous potential. characteristics: PM (7) Type or grade of cement. and caliper logs before the casing is (2) Installation and use of continuous. (c) All Class I injection wells. except installed: and recording devices to monitor injection those municipal wells injecting non- (D) (B) A cement bond. temperature. or pressure. flow rate and volume. and the corrosive wastes. shall inject fluids density log after the casing is set and pressure on the annulus between the through tubing with a packer set cemented. tubing and the long string of casing: immediately above the injection zone. or (ii) For intermediate and long strings (3) A demonstration of mechanical tubing with an approved fluid seal as an of casing intended to facilitate injection: integrity pursuant to $ 146.08 at least alternative. The tubing. packer. and fluid (A) Resistivity. spontaneous potential. once every five years during the life of seal shall be designed for the expected porosity. and gamma ray logs before the the well: and service. casing is installed: (4) The type, number and location of (1) The use of other alternatives to a (B) Fracture finder logs: and wells within the area of review to bepacker may be allowed with the written (C) A cement bond. temperature. or used to monitor any migration of fluids approval of the Director. To obtain density log after the casing is set and into and pressure in the underground approval. the operator shall submit 8 cemented. sources of drinking water. the written request to the Director, which (e) At minimum the following parameters to be measured and the shall set forth the proposed alternative information concerning the injection frequency of monitoring. and all technical data supporting its use, formation shall be determined or The Director shall approve the request if calculated for new Class I wells: (c) Reporting Requirements. Reporting the alternative method will reliably (1) Fluid pressure: requirements shall. at a minimum. provide a comparable level of protection (2) Temperature: include: to underground sources of drinking (3) Fracture pressure: (1) Quarterly reports to the Director water. The Director may approve an (4) Other physical and chemical on: alternative method solely for an characteristics of the injection matrix: (i) The physical. chemical and other individual well or for general use. and relevant characteristics of injection. (2) In determining and specifying (5) Physical and chemical fluids: requirements for tubing, packer. or characteristics of the formation fluids. (ii) Monthly average, maximum and alternatives the following factors shall minimum values for injection pressure. be considered: $ 146.13 Operating, Monitoring and flow rate and volume. and annular (i) Depth of setting: Reporting Requirements. pressure: and (ii) Characteristics of injection fluid [Editor's note: EPA July 26 1982 (47 FR (iii) The results of monitoring (chemical content. corrosiveness; and 32129) amended $14613 to add OMB prescribed under subparagraph (b)(4) of density): control No. 2000-0456.] this section. Environment Reporter [Sec. 146.13(c)(1)(iii)] 156 S-620 INJECTION WELLS CRITER 132:0457 (2) Reporting the results. with the first position relative to the injection (4) The results of the formation testing quarterly report after the completion. of: formation and the direction of water program: (i) Periodic tests of mechanical movement, where known. in each (5) The actual injection procedure: integrity; underground source of drinking water (6) The compatibility of injected waste (ii) Any other test of the injection well which may be affected by the proposed with fluids in the injection zone and conducted by the permittee if required injection: minerals in both the injection zone and by the Director: and (5) Maps and cross sections detailing the confining zone: and (iii) Any well work over the geologic structure of the local area; (7) The status of corrective action on (6) Generalized maps and cross defective wells in the area of review. $ 146.14 Information to be Considered by sections illustrating the regional geologic (c) Prior to granting approval for the the Director: setting:- plugging and abandonment of a Class I This section sets forth the information (7) Proposed operating data: well the Director shall consider the which must be considered by the (i) Average and maximum daily rate following information: Director in authorizing Class Ewells. For and volume of the fluid to be injected: (1) The type and number of plugs to be an existing or converted new Class F (ii) Average and maximum injection used: well the Director may rely on the pressure: and (2) The placement of each plug existing permit file for those items of (iii) Source and an analysis of the including the elevation of the top and information listed below which are chemical, physical. radiological and bottom: current and accurate in the file. For a biological characteristics of injection (3) The type and grade and quantity of newly drilled Class I well. the Director cement to be used: fluids; shall require the submission of all the (4) The method for placement of the (8) Proposed formation testing information listed below. For both plugs: and program to obtain an analysis of the existing and new Class I' wells certain (5) The procedure to be used to meet chemical. physical and radiological maps, cross-sections. tabulations of the requirements of $ 146.10(c): characteristics of and other information wells within the area of review and on the receiving formation: $ 146.15 Mid-course evaluation other data may be included in the (9) Proposed stimulation program: requirements. application by reference provided they (10) Proposed injection procedure: In compliance with 40 CFR are current. readily available to the (11) Schematic or other appropriate 122.18(c)(4)(c)(ii) the data to be Director (for example, in the permitting drawings of the surface and subsurface submitted on each Class I permit at six agency's files) and sufficiently identified construction details of the well month intervals during the first two to be retrieved. In cases where EPA [146.14(a)(11] amended by 46 FR 43160, years of operation of the State program issues the permit all the information in August 27, 1981] shall at a minimum include the this Section must be submitted to the (12) Contingency plans to cope with following: Administrator. all shut-ins or well failures so as to (a) The data required in $ 146.14(a)(1): (a) Prior to the issuance of a permit for prevent migration of fluids into any (b) The data required in $ 146.14(a)(3) an existing Class 1 well to operate or the underground source of drinking water. including, under location, the distance construction or conversion of a new (13) Plans (Including maps) for and direction from the injection well. Class I well the Director shall consider meeting the monitoring requirements in (c) The depth to the top and bottom of the following: 146.13(b): any USDW: (1) Information required in 40 CFR (14) For wells within the area of (d) The distance to the nearest down- 122.4 and 122.38(c): review which penetrate the injection gradient water supply well: (2) A map showing the injection zone but are not properly completed or (e) A description of the geology and well(s) for which a permit is sought and plugged. the corrective action proposed hydrology of the area: the applicable area of review. Within to be taken under 40 CFR 122.44; (f) The construction characteristics of the area of review, the map must show (15) Construction procedures the well: the number. or name. and location of all including a cementing and casing (g) The corrective action proposed as producing wells. injection wells. program. logging procedures. deviation well as that performed: abandoned wells. dry holes, surface checks. and a drilling. testing. and (b) The type and results of all bodies of water. springs, mines (surface coring program: and mechanical integrity tests reported to and subsurface), quarries. water wells (16) A certificate that the applicant the Director: and and other pertinent surface features has assured, through a performance (i) Any reporting to the Director under including residences and roads. The bond OF other appropriate means, the $ 122.41(d). map should also show faults. if known resources necessary to close; plug or Subpart C-Criteria and Standards or suspected. Only information of public abandon the well as required by 40 CFR Applicable to Class II Wells record is required to be included on this 122.42(g). map: [146.14(a)(16] amended by 46 FR 43160, $ 146.21 Applicability. (3) A tabulation of data on all wells August 27, 1981] This subpart establishes criteria and within the area of review which (b) Prior to granting approval for the standards for underground injection penetrate into the proposed injection operation of a Class I well the Director control programs to regulate Class II zone. Such data shall include a shall consider the following information: wells. description of each well's type, (1) All available logging and testing $ 146.22 Construction requirements. construction. date drilled. location. program data on the well: (a) All new Class II wells shall be sited depth. record of plugging and/or (2) A demonstration of mechanical in such a fashion that they inject into a completion. and any additional integrity pursuant to $146.08; formation which is separated from any information the Director may require: (3) The anticipated maximum USDW by a confining zone that is free. (4) Maps and cross sections indicating pressure and flow rate at which the of known open faults or fractures. the general vertical and lateral limits of permittee will operate: within the area of review: all underground sources of drinking [146.14(b)(3) revised by 46 FR 43160; [146.22(a) amended by 46 FR 43160, water within the area of review, their August 27, 1981] August 27, 1981 (Sec. 146.22(a)] Published by THE BUREAU OF NATIONAL AFFAIRS. INC.. WASHINGTON. D.C. 20037 157 9-10-82 132:0458 FEDERAL REGULATIONS [Former 146.22(b) redesignated as (b) isting. newly converted. and newly $ 23 Operating, monitoring, and (1) by 47 FR 4998, February 3, 1982] drilled wells in existing fields. and the reporting requirements. (b) (1) All Class II injection wells Administrator approves the plan. [Editor's note: EPA July 26, 1982 (47 FR shall be cased and cemented to prevent (f) Appropriate logs and other tests 32129) amended $146.23 to add OMB movement of fluids into or between shall be conducted during the drilling control No. 2000-0456.] underground sources of drinking water. and construction of new Class II wells. (a) Operating Requirements. The casing and cement used in the A descriptive report interpreting the Operating requirements shall. at a construction of each newly drilled well results of that portion of thoselogs and minimum, specify that: shall be designed for the life expectancy tests which specifically relate to (1) an (1) Injection pressure at the wellheadof the well. In determining and specifying USDW and the confining zone adjacent shall not exceed a maximum which casing and cementing requirements, the to it, and (2) the injection and adjacent shall be calculated so as to assure that following factors shall be considered. formations shall be prepared by a the pressure during injection does not knowledgeable log analyst and [Former 146.22(b)(1)-(3) redesignated initiate new fractures or propagate submitted to the Director. At a as (b)(1)(i)-(iii) by 47 FR 4998, Februexisting fractures in the confining zone minimum, these logs and tests shall ary 3, 1982) adjacent to the USDWs. In no case shall include: injection pressure cause the movement (i) Depth to the injection zone: [146.22(f) amended by 46 FR 43160, of injection OF formation fluids into an (ii) Depth to the bottom of all USDWs: August 27, 1981] underground source of drinking water. and (1) Deviation checks on all holes [146.23(a)(1) amended by 46 FR 43160, (iii) Estimated maximum and average constructed by first drilling a pilot hole August 27, 1981] injection pressures: and then enlarging the pilot hole. by (2) Injection between the outermost (b)(2) In addition the Director may reaming or another method. Such checks casing protecting underground sources consider information on: shall be at sufficiently frequent intervals of drinking water and the well bore shall (i) Nature of formation fluids: to assure that vertical avenues for fluid be prohibited. (ii) Lithology of injection and movement in the form of diverging holes (b) Monitoring Requirements: confining zones; are not created during drilling. Monitoring requirements shall. at a (iii) External pressure. internal (2) Such other logs and tests as may minimum, include: pressure. and axial loading: be needed after taking into account the (1) Monitoring of the nature of (iv) Hole size; availability of similar data in the area of injected fluids at time intervals (v) Size and grade of all casing strings: the drilling site, the construction plan. sufficiently frequent to yield data and and the need for additional information representative of their characteristics: (vi) Class of cement. that may arise from time to time as the (2) Observation of injection pressure [New 146.22(b)(2) added by 47. FR construction of the well progresses. In flow rate, and cumulative volume at 4998, February 3, 19821 determining which logs and tests shall least with the following frequencies: (c) The requirements in paragraph (b) be required the following shall be (i) Weekly for produced fluid disposal of this section need not apply to existing considered by the Director in setting operations: or newly converted Class II. wells logging and testing requirements: (ii) Monthly for enhanced recovery one located in existing fields if: [146.22(f)(2)(i) and (i)(A) revised by operations: (1) Regulatory controls for casing and FR 4998, February 3,19821 (iii) Daily during the injection of líquid cementing existed for those wells at the hydrocarbons and injection for (i) For surface casing intended to time of drilling and those wells are in withdrawal of stored hydrocarbons: and protect underground sources of drinking compliance with those controls: and (iv) Daily during the injection phase of water in areas where the lithology has (2). Well injection will not result in the not been determined: cyclic steam operations: movement of fluids into an underground And recording of one observation of (A) Electric and caliper logs before source of drinking water so as to create casing is installed; and injection pressure. flow rate and a significant risk to the health of cumulative volume at reasonable (B) A cement bond, temperature. or persons. intervals no greater than 30 days. density log after the casing is set and (d) The requirements in paragraph (b) cemented [146.23(b)(2) revised by 47 FR 4998, of this section need not apply to newly (II) For intermediate and long strings February 3, 1982] drilled wells in existing fields 16 of casing intended to facilitate injection: (3) A demonstration of mechanical (1) They meet the requirements of the State for casing and cementing (A) Electric. porosity and gamma ray integrity pursuant to $ 146.08 at least logs before the casing is installed: once every five years during the life of applicable to that field at the time of the injection well: submission of the State program to the [146.22 (f)(2)(i)(A) revised by 47 FR (4) Maintenance of the results of all Administrator: and 4998, February 1982] monitoring until the next permit review (2) Well injection will not result in the (B) Fracture finder logs: and (see 40 CFR 122.42(e)): and movement of fluids into an underground (C) A cement bond. temperature. or (5) Hydrocarbon storage and source of drinking water so as to create density log after the casing is set and enhanced recovery may be monitored a significant risk to the health of cemented. on a field or project basis rather than on persons. (g) At a minimum, the following an individual well basis by manifold (e) Where a State did not have information concerning the injection regulatory controls for casing and formation shall be determined or monitoring. Manifold monitoring may be used in cases of facilities consisting of cementing prior to the time of the calculated for new Class II wells or more than one injection well. operating submission of the State program to the projects: with a common manifoid. Separate Administrator, the Director need not (1) Fluid pressure: monitoring systems for each well are not apply the casing and cementing (2) Estimated fracture pressure: required provided the owner/operator requirements in paragraph (b) of this (3) Physical and chemical demonstrates that manifold monitoring section if he submits as a part of his characteristics of the injection zone. is comparable to individual well application for primacy. an appropriate [146.22(g) revised by 47 FR 4998, monitoring. plan for casing and cementing of February 3, 1982] (c) Reporting Requirements. Environment Reporter [Sec. 146.23(c)] 158 S-620 INJECTION WELLS CRITER 132:0459 (1) Reporting requirements shall at a of Class II wells operating over the (5) Plans for meeting the monitoring minimum include an annual report to fracture pressure of the injection requirements of $ 146.23(b). the Director summarizing the results of formation, all known wells within the area of review which penetrate [New 146.24(b) added and former (b) monitoring required under paragraph (b) of this section. Such summary shall formations affected by the increase in redesignated as (c) by 47 FR 4998, include monthly records of injected pressure. Such data shall include a February 3, 1982] fluids, and any major changes in description of each well's type, con- (c) Prior to granting approval for the characteristics or sources of injected struction, date drilled, location, depth, operation of a Class II well the Director fluid. Previously submitted information record of plugging and completion, shall consider the following information: may be included by reference. (1) All available logging and testing and any additional information the [146.23(c)(1) revised by 46 FR 43160, program data on the well: Director may require. In cases where (2) A demonstration of mechanical August 27, 1981] the information would be repetitive integrity pursuant to $ 146.08: (2) Owners or operators of and the wells are of similar age, type, hydrocarbon storage and enhanced (3) The anticipated maximum and construction the Director may pressure and flow rate at which the recovery projects may report on a field elect to only require data on a permittee will operate. or project basis rather than an representative number of wells. This individual well basis where manifold (146.24(b)(3) revised by 46 FR 43160, requirement does not apply to existing August 27, 1981] monitoring is used. Class II wells. (4) The results of the formation (4) Proposed operating data: testing program: $ 146.24 Information to be considered by (i) Average and maximum daily rate (5) The actual injection procedure: the director. and volume of fluids to be injected: and This section sets forth the information (ii) Average and maximum injection (6) For new wells the status of which must be considered by the pressure: and corrective action on defective wells in Director in authorizing Class II wells. [146:24(a)(4)(iii)-(6) amended by 47 the area of review. Certain maps, cross-sections, FR 4998, February 3, 1982] [146.24(c) redesignated as (d) by 47 tabulations of wells within the area of (iii) Source and an appropriate FR 4998, February 3, 1982] review, and other data may be included analysis of the chemical and physical (d) Prior to granting approval for the in the application by reference provided characteristics of the injection fluid. plugging and abandonment of a Class II they are current. readily available to the Director (for example. in the permitting (5) Appropriate geological data on the well the Director shall consider the agency's files) and sufficiently identified injection zone and confining zone following information: to be retrieved. In cases where EPA including lithologic description. (1) The type, and number of plugs to issues the permit, all the information in geological name, thickness and depth: be used: (2) The placement of each plug this Section is to be submitted to the (6) Geologic name and depth to including the elevation of top and Administrator. bottom of all underground sources of bottom: (a) Prior to the issuance of & permit for drinking water which may be affected (3) The type. grade, and quantity of an existing Class II well to operate or by the injection: cement to be used: the construction or conversion of a new (7) Schematic or other appropriate (4) The method of placement of the Class II well the Director shall consider drawings of the surface and plugs: and the following: subsurface construction details of the (5) The procedure to be used to meet (1) Information required in 40 CFR well: the requirements of $ 146.10(c). 122.4 and 122.38(c); [146.24(a)(2) and (3) revised by 46 FR [146.24(a)(7) amended by 46 FR 43160, 43160, August 27, 1981] August 27, 1981] (2) A map showing the injection well [146.24(a)(8)-(12) removed and (13) or project area for which a permit is and (14) redesignated as (8) and (9) 146.25 Mid-course evaluation sought and the applicable area of by 47 FR 4998, February 3. 19821 requirements. review. Within the area of review, the (a) In compliance with 40 CFR map must show the number or name (8) In the case of new Injection wells 122.18(c)(4)(C)(ii) the data to be the corrective action proposed to be and location of all existing producing submitted on each new Class II permit wells, injection wells, abandoned wells, taken by the applicant under 40 CFR at six months intervals during the first dry holes, and water wells. The map 122.44: two years of operation of the State may also show surface bodies of waters, (9) A certificate that the applicant has program shall at a minimum include the mines (surface and subsurface), assured through a performance bond or following: quarries and other pertinent surface other appropriate means. the resources (1) The data required in $ 146.24(a)(1); features including residences and necessary to close, plug or abandon the (2) The data required in $ 146.24(a)(3) roads, and faults if known or well as required by 40 CFR 122.42(g): including. under location, the distance suspended. Only information of public and direction from the injection well: (b) In addition the Director may record and pertinent information (3) The depth to the top and bottom of consider the following: known to the applicant is required to be any USDW: (1) Proposed formation testing included on this map. This requirement (4) The distance to the nearest downdoes not apply to existing Class II wells; program to obtain the information gradient water supply well: and required by $ 146.22(g): (5) A description of the geology and (3) A tabulation of data reasonably (2) Proposed stimulation program: hydrology of the area: available from public records or (3) Proposed injection procedure: (6) The construction characteristics of otherwise known to the applicant on all (4) Proposed contingency plans. if any, the well: wells within the area of review included to cope with well failures so as to (7) The corrective action proposed as on the map required under paragraph prevent migration of contaminating well as that performed: and (a)(2) of this section which penetrate the fluids into an underground source of (8) Any reporting to the Director under proposed injection zone or, in the case drinking water, $ 122.41(d). [Sec. 146.25(a)(8)] Published: by THE BUREAU OF NATIONAL AFFAIRS. INC. WASHINGTON. D.C. 20037 159 9-10-82 (b) The Director shall also submit the A descriptive report interpreting the in adequate number of monitoring wells type and results of all Mechanical results of such logs and tests shall be hall be completed into the USDW to: Integrity tests reported on existing wells prepared by a knowledgeable log detect any movement of injected fluids, and new (conversion only) wells during analyst and submitted to the Director. process by-products or formation fluids the first two years of operation. The logs and tests appropriate to each into the USDW. The monitoring wells (c) The Director shall require a type of Class III well shall be shall be located outside the physical temperature log or noise log, on a determined based on the intended influence of the subsidence or sample of Class II wells in cases where function. depth. construction and other catastrophic collapse. operators submitted cementing records characteristics of the well. availability (h) In determining the number, to meet the requirement of $ 146.08(c). of similar data in the area of the drilling location. construction and frequency of The wells to be tested shall be chosen site and the need for additional monitoring of the monitoring wells the by a formal random selection procedure. information that may arise from time to following criteria shall be considered: The sampling shall be done on a field or time as the construction of the well (1) The population relying on the pool basis and be statistically progresses. Deviation checks shall be USDW affected or potentially affected representative of the wells in that field conducted on all holes where pilot holes by the injection operation: or pool. At a minimum, the sample size and reaming are used. unless the hole (2) The proximity of the injection for each State shall be 100 wells or S will be cased and cemented by operation to points of withdrawal of percent of the number of Class II circulating cement to the surface. Where drinking water. injection wells in the State whichever is deviation checks are necessary they (3) The local geology and hydrology: smaller. At least half of the wells tested shall be conducted at sufficiently (4) The operating pressures and must be existing wells. frequent intervals to assure that vertical whether a negative pressure gradient is avenues for fluid migration in the form being maintained: of diverging holes are not created during (5) The nature and volume of the Subpart D-Criteria and Standards drilling. injected fluid, the formation water, Applicable to Class III Wells [146.32(b) amended by 46 FR 43160, and the process by products; and $ 146.31 Applicability. August 27, 1981; 47 FR 4998, February [146.32(h)(5) revised by 46 FR 43160, 3, 1982] August:27 1981] This subpart establishes criteria and (c) Where the injection zone is a (6) The injection well- density. standards for underground injection formation which is naturally watercontrol programs to regulate Class III $ 146.33 Operating monitoring, and bearing the following information reporting requirements. wells. concerning the injection zone shall be [Editor's note: EPA July 26, 1982 (47 FR determined or calculated for new Class 32129) amended $146.23 to add OMB $ 146.32 Construction requirements. III wells or projects: control No. 2000-0456.] (1) Fluid pressure: (a) All new Class III wells shall be (a) Operating Requirements. (2) Fracture pressure: and cased and cemented to prevent the Operating requirements prescribed (3) Physical and chemical migration of fluids into or between shall. at a minimum, specify that: charateristics of the formation fluids underground sources of drinking water. (1) Except during well stimulation The Director may waive the cementing [146.32(c) amended by 47 FR 4998, Febinjection pressure at the wellhead shall requirement for new wells in existing id ruary 30 1982) be calculated SQ as to assure that the projects or portions of existing projects (d) Where the injection formation is pressure in the Injection zone during not a water-bearing formation. the injection does not initiate new where he has substantial evidence that no contamination of underground information in paragraph (c)(2) of this fractures or propagate existing sources of drinking water would result. section must be submitted. fractures in the injection zone. In no [146.32(d) amended by 47 FR 4998, case, shall injection pressure initiate The casing and cement used in the February 3, 1982] fractures in the confining zone or construction of each newly drilled well cause the migration of injection or shall be designed for the life expectancy (e) Where injection is into a formation formation fluids into an underground of the well. In determining and which contains water with less than source of drinking water. specifying casing and cementing 10,000 mg/l TDS monitoring wells shall [146.33(a)(1) amended by 46 FR 43160, requirements, the following factors shall be completed into the injection zone and August 27, 1981] be considered: into any underground sources of (2) Injection between the outermost [146.32(a) revised by 47 FR 4998, drinking water above the injection zone casing protecting underground sources February 3, 1982] which could be affected by the mining of drinking water and the well bore is (1) Depth to the injection zone: operation. These wells shall be located prohibited. (2) Injection pressure. external in such a fashion as to detect any (b) Monitoring Requirements. pressure. Internal pressure. axial excursion of injection fluids, process by- Monitoring requirements shall. at a loading. etc.: products, or formation fluids outside the minimum. specify: (3) Hole size: mining area or zone. If the operation [146.33(b)(1)-(4) amended by 47 FR (4) Size and grade of all casing strings may be affected by subsidence or 4998, February 3, 1982] (wall thickness, diameter, nominal catastrophic collapse the monitoring (1) Monitoring of the nature of weight, length. joint specification. and wells shall be located so that they will injected fluids with sufficient frequency construction material): not be physically affected. to yield representative data on its (5) Corrosiveness of injected fluids (f) Where injection is into a formation characteristics. Whenever the injection and formation fluids: which does not contain water with less fluid is modified to the extent that the (6) Lithology of injection and confining than 10,000 mg/l TDS, no monitoring analysis required by $ 146.34(a)(7)(iii) is zones: and wells are necessary in the injection incorrect or incomplete, a new analysis (7) Type and grade of cement. stratum. as required by $ 146.34(a)(7)(iii) shall be (b) Appropriate logs and other tests (g) Where the injection wells provided to the Director. shall be conducted during the drilling penetrate an USDW in an area subject (2) Monitoring of injection pressure and construction of new Class III wells. to subsidence or catastrophic collapse and either flow rate or volume semi- Environment Reporter [Sec. 146.33(b)(2)] 160 INJECTION WELLS CRITER OM'B office of management & 132:0461 monthly. or metering and daily (2) A map showing the injection well them upon request to the Director as recording of injected and produced fluid or project area for which a permit is part of any enforcement investigation. volumes as appropriate. sought and the applicable area of [146.34 (a)(7)(iii) revised by 47 FR (3) Demonstration of mechanical review. Within the area of review, the 4998, February 3, 1982] integrity pursuant to § 146.08 at least map must show the number or name once every five years during the life of and location of all existing producing (8) Proposed formation testing the well for salt solution mining. wells, injection wells, abandoned program to obtain the information (4) Monitoring of the fluid level in the wells, dry holes, public water systems required by $ 146.32(c). injection zone semi-monthly. where and water wells. The map may also appropriate and monitoring of the show surface bodies of waters. mines [146.34(a)(8) revised by 47 FR 4998, parameters chosen to measure water (surface an subsurface) quarries and February 3, 1982] quality in the monitoring wells required other pertinent surface features by $ 146.32(e). semi-monthly. including residences and roads. and (9) Proposed stimulation program: (5) Quarterly monitoring of wells faults if known or suspected. Only (10) Proposed injection procedure; required bv 146.32(g). information of public record and (11) Schematic or other appropriate [146.33(b)(5) revised by 46 FR 43160, pertinent information known to the drawings of the surface and applicant is required to be included on subsurface construction details of the August 27, 1981] this map. well; (6) All Class III wells may be monitored on a field or project basis (3) A tabulation of data reasonably [146.34(a)(11) amended by 46 FR available from public records or 43160, August 27, 1981] rather than an individual well basis by manifold monitoring. Manifold otherwise known to the applicant on (12) Plans (including maps) for wells within the area of review meeting the monitoring requirements of monitoring may be used in cases of included on the map required under 146.33(b); facilities consisting of more than one injection well. operating with a common paragraph (a)(2) of this section which (13) Expected changes in pressure. manifold. Separate monitoring systems penetrate the proposed injection zone. native fluid displacement. direction of Such data shall include a description movement of injection fluid: for each well are not required provided of each well's type, construction, date (14) Contingency plans to cope with the owner/operator demonstrates that drilled, location, depth, record of all shut-ins or well failures so as to manifold monitoring is comparable to individual well monitoring. plugging and completion, and any prevent the migration of contaminating additional information the Director fluids into underground sources of (c) Reporting Requirements. Reporting requirements shall. at a minimum, may require. In cases where the drinking water; include: information would be repetitive and (15) A certificate that the applicant the wells are of similar age, type, and has assured, through a performance (1) Quarterly reporting to the Director construction the Director may elect to bond, or other appropriate means, the on required monitoring: only require data on a representative resources necessary to close, plug. or (2) Results of mechanical integrity and number of wells. abandon the well as required by 40 any other periodic test required by the (4) Maps and cross sections indicating CFR 122.42(g) and Director reported with the first regular the vertical limits of all underground [146.34(a)(15). amended by 46 FR quarterly report after the completion of sources of drinking water within the 43160, August 27, 1981] the test: and area of review: their position relative to (16) The corrective action proposed to (3) Monitoring may be reported on a the injection formation. and the be taken under 40 CFR 122.44. project or field basis rather than direction of water movement. where (b) Prior to granting approval for the individual well basis where manifold known. in every underground source of operation of a Class III well the Director monitoring is used. drinking water which may be affected shall consider the following information: by the proposed injection: (1) All available logging and testing $ 146.34 Information to be considered by data on the well; the Director. [146.34(a)(4) amended by 47 FR 4998, This section sets forth the information February 3, 1982] (2) A satisfactory demonstration of which must be considered by the mechanical integrity for all new wells (5) Maps and cross sections detailing and for all existing salt solution wells Director in authorizing Class III wells. the geologic structure of the local area: Certain maps, cross sections. pursuant to $ 146.08; (6) Generalized map and cross tabulations of wells within the area of sections illustrating the regional geologic [146.34(b)(2) amended by 47 FR 4998, review, and other data may be included setting: February 3, 1982] in the application by reference provided (7) Proposed operating data: (3) The anticipated maximum they are current. readily available to the (i) Average and maximum daily rate pressure and flow rate at which the Director (for example. in the permitting and volume of fluid to be injected: permittee will- operate; agency's files) and sufficiently identified (ii) Average and maximum injection [146.34(b)(3) revised by 46 FR 43160, to be retrieved. In cases where EPA pressure: and August 27, 1981] issues the permit. all the information in (iii) Qualitative analysis and ranges fn (4) The results of the formation testing this section must be submitted to the concentrations of all constituents of program: Administrator. injected fluids. The applicant may (5) The actual injection procedures: (a) Prior to the issuance of a permit for request Federal confidentiality as and an existing Class III well or area to specified in 40 CFR Part 2. If the (6) The status of corrective action on operate or the construction of a new information is proprietary an applicant defective wells in the area of review. Class III well the Director shall consider may, in lieu of the ranges in (c) Prior to granting approval for the the following: concentrations, choose to submit plugging and abandonment of a Class III (1) Information required in 40 CFR maximum concentrations which shall well the Director shall consider the 122.4 and 122.38(c); not be exceeded. In such a case the following information: [146.34(a)(2) and (3) revised by 48 FR applicant shall retain records of the (1) The type and number of plugs to be 43160, August 27, 1981] undisclosed concentrations-and provide used; [Sec. 146.34(c)(1)] 4-9-82 Published by THE BUREAU OF NATIONAL AFFAIRS. INC., WASHINGTON, D.C. 20037 97 (2) The placement of each plug (g) The type and results of all including the elevation of the top and (146.51(b) revised by 47 FR 4998, echanical integrity tests reported to ary 3, 1982) bottom: he Director during the first two years of (3) The type. grade and quantity of the program: and $ 146.52 Inventory and Assessment. cement to be used; (h) Any reporting to the Director (a) The owner or operator of any (4) The method of placement of the under $ 122.41(d). Class V well shall. within one year of the effective date of an underground plugs. and injection control program. notify the (5) The procedure to be used to meet Director of the existence of any well the requirements of § 146.10(c). Subpart E-Criteria and Standards meeting the definitions of Class V under Applicable to Class IV Injection Wells his control. and submit the inventory [Reserved] information required in 40 CFR $ 146.35 Mid-course evaluation requirements. 122.37(c)(1). (b) Within three (3) years of approval In compliance with 40 CFR Subpart F-Criteria and Standards of the State program the Director shall 122.18(c)(4)(C)(ii) the data to be Applicable to Class V Injection Wells complete and submit to EPA a report submitted on each Class III permit at six month intervals during the first two $ 146.51 Applicability. containing: years of operation of the State program This subpart sets forth Criteria and (1) The information on the construction features of Class V wells, shall at a minimum include the Standards for underground injection following: control programs to regulate all injection and the nature and volume of the (a) The data required in $ 146.14(a)(i); not regulated in Subparts B. C. D, and E. injected fluids: (2) An assessment of the (b) The data required in $ 146.34(a)(3) (a) Generally, wells covered by this contamination potential of the Class V including. under location. the distance Subpart inject non-hazardous fluids into wells using hydrogeological data and direction from the injection well: or above formations that contain available to the State: (c) The depth to the top and bottom of underground sources of drinking water. (3) An assessment of the available any USDW; It includes all wells listed in $ 146.05(e) corrective alternatives where (d) The distance to the nearest downbut is not limited to those types of appropriate and their environmental and gradient water supply well; injection wells. economic consequences: and (e) A description of the geology and (b) It also includes wells not covered (4) Recommendations both for the hydrology of the area: in Class IV that inject radioactive most appropriate regulatory approaches (f) The construction characteristics of material listed in 10 CFR Part 20. and for remedial actions where the well; Appendix B. Table II. Column 2. appropriate. has Environment Reporter [Sec. 146.52(b)(4)] 98 UL 58 STANDARD SAFETY STEEL UNDERGROUND TANKS FOR FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS Northbrook, Illinois Testing Station Melville, N.Y. Testing Station Santa Clara, Calif. Testing Station Tampa, Florida Testing Station UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES INC. AN INDEPENDENT NOT-FOR-PROFIT ORGANIZATION TESTING FOR PUBLIC SAFETY Underwriters Laboratories Inc., founded in 1894, is chartered as a not-for-profit organization without capital stock, under the laws of the State of Delaware, to establish, maintain, and operate laboratories for the examination and testing of devices, systems and materials to determine their relation to hazards to life and property. A complete description of the organization, purposes, and methods of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. is given in a separate pamphiet entitled "TESTING FOR PUBLIC SAFETY." The names of manufacturers who have demonstrated an ability to produce products meeting UL requirements are published annually in the following Product Directories. Building Materials General Information From Electrical Construction Fire Protection Equipment Materials and Hazardous Location Equipment Fire Resistance Marine Products Recognized Component Automotive, Burglary Protection, and Mechanical Electrical Appliance and Utilization Equipment Equipment Electrical Construction Materials Gas and Oil Equipment Hazardous Location Equipment Supplements to Directories The price list for these publications and ordering information may be obtained upon request from UL, Publications Stock, 333 Pfingsten Road, Northbrook, Illinois 60062. A Catalog of UL Standards for Safety with costs and ordering information is also available from this office. Ti UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES INC. an independent, not-for-profit organization testing for public safety 1285 Wait Whitman Road, Melville. L.I., N.Y. 11747 1655 Scott Boulevard, Santa Clara. Calif. 95050 2602 Tampa East Blvd., Tampa, Fla. 33619 333 Pfingsten Road, Northbrook, m. 60062 April 10, 1981 STANDARD FOR STEEL UNDERGROUND TANKS FOR FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS UL 58, SEVENTH EDITION Accompanying this sheet is a copy of the second impression of the seventh edition of UL 58. A CHANGE IN REQUIREMENTS AS INCLUDED IN REVISED PAGES DATED NOVEMBER 28, 1977 IS INDICATED BY A VERTICAL MARGINAL RULE ON THE AFFECTED PAGE. EDITORIAL CHANGES ARE NOT so MARKED. THIS EDITION OF THE STANDARD IS NOW IN EFFECT. With the inclusion of the acoompanying material, the standard consists of pages dated as shown in the following check list: Page Date 1 April 10, 1981 2 3 October 29, 1976 4 November 28, 1977 5 October 29, 1976 6 November 28, 1977 7-16 October 29, 1976 Revised and/or additional pages may be issued from time to time. Transmittal only - not a permanent part of the standard *APRIL 10, 1981 1 ANSI B137.1-1976 UL 58 STANDARD FOR STEEL UNDERGROUND TANKS FOR FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS First Edition - October, 1925 Second Edition - September, 1929 Third Edition - February, 1937 Fourth Edition - April, 1949 Fifth Edition - December, 1961 Sixth Edition - December, 1971 (The fifth and previous editions were originally titled "Underground Tanks for Flammable Liquids") SEVENTH EDITION First Impression October 29, 1976 Second Impression (as revised to January 6, 1978) April 10, 1981 Approval as an American National Standard covers the numbered paragraphs on pages dated October 29, 1976. These pages should not be discarded when revised or additional pages are issued if it is desired to retain the approved text. Revisions of this standard will be made by issuing revised or additional pages bearing their dates of issue. Approved as ANSI B137.1-1971, July 27, 1971 Approved as ANSI B137.1-1976, July 23, 1976 *Replaces page 1 dated October 29, 1976 COPYRIGHT © 1976 UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES INC. UL's Standards for Safety are copyrighted to protect UL's publication rights, not to restrict their use in product design or evaluation. See paragraph E of the Foreword. OCTOBER 1976 STE UNDERGROUND TANK FOR FLAMMABLE AN MBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS - UL 58 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword 4 General .5 1. Scope 5 2. General 5 3. Capacities, Dimensions, and Metal Thicknesses 5 4. Materials 5 5. Shell Seams 6 6. Heads and Head Joints 7 7. Compartment Tanks 10 8. Pipe Connections 12 9. Manholes 14 10. Heating Coils and Hot Wells 15 Manufacturing and Production Tests 15 11. General 15 Marking 15 12. General 15 FIGURES Shell Seams (Figure 5.1) 6 Heads and Head Joints for all Diameter Tanks (Figure 6.1) 7 Bracing for Unflanged and Flanged Flat Heads and Bulkheads (Figure 6.2) 8 Bulkheads for Compartment Tanks (Figure 7.1) 11 Pipe Connections (Figure 8.1) 12 Conventional Manholes (Figure 9.1) 14 TABLES Thickness of Steel (Table 3.1) 5 Nominal and Minimum Thickness for Uncoated Sheet and Plate Steel (Table 4.1) 6 Nominal and Minimum Thickness for Galvanized Sheet Steel (Table 4.2) 6 Dished Heads - Minimum Height (Table 6.1) 8 Strut Bracing for Unflanged Flat Heads and Bulkheads (Table 6.2) 9 Surface Bracing for Unflanged Flat Heads and Bulkheads (Table 6.3) .9 Surface Bracing for Flanged Flat Bulkheads (Table 6.4) 10 Pipe Connections (Table 8.1) 13 Size of Vent-Pipe Fitting (Table 8.2) 13 Gallon Capacity per Foot of Length Appendix A, Table I 16 Liter Capacity per Meter of Length Appendix A, Table II 16 4 STEEL UNDERGROUND TA OR FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID UL 58 *NOVEMBER 28, 1977 FOREWORD A. This Standard contains basic requirements for products covered by Underwriters Laboratories Inc. (UL) under its Follow-Up Service for this category within the limitations given below and in the Scope section of this Standard. These requirements are based upon sound engineering principles, research, records of tests and field experience, and an appreciation of the problems of manufacture, installation, and use derived from consultation with and information obtained from manufacturers, users, inspection authorities, and others having specialized experience. They are subject to revision as further experience and investigation may show is necessary or desirable. B. The observance of the requirements of this Standard by a manufacturer is one of the conditions of the continued coverage of the manufacturer's product. C. A product which complies with the text of this Standard will not necessarily be judged to comply with the Standard if, when examined and tested, it is found to have other features which impair the level of safety contemplated by these requirements. D. A product employing materials or having forms of construction differing from those detailed in the requirements of this Standard may be examined and tested according to the intent of the requirements and, if found to be substantially equivalent, may be judged to comply with the Standard. E. UL, in performing its functions in accordance with its objectives, does not assume or undertake to discharge any responsibility of the manufacturer or any other party. The opinions and findings of UL represent its professional judgment given with due consideration to the necessary limitations of practical operation and state of the art at the time the Standard is processed. UL shall not be responsible to anyone for the use of or reliance upon this Standard by anyone. UL shall not incur any obligation or liability for damages, including consequential damages, arising out of or in connection with the use, interpretation of, or reliance upon this Standard. F. Many tests required by the Standards of UL are inherently hazardous and adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting such tests. *Replaces page 4 dated October 29, 1976 OCTOBER 29,1976 ST UNDERGROUND TANK FOR FLAMMABLE AN OMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS - UL 58 5 GENERAL 3. Capacities, Dimensions, and Metal Thicknesses 1. Scope 1.1 These requirements cover horizontal 3.1 The overall length of a tank shall be not atmospheric-type steel tanks intended for the greater than six times its diameter. storage underground of flammable and combustible liquids. 3.2 Neither the capacity nor the diameter for the corresponding gage or thickness of metal shall 1.2 These tanks are intended for installation exceed that specified in Table 3.1. and use in accordance with the Standard for the Installation of Oil-Burning Equipment, NFPA No. 3.3 To provide for manufacturing variations, a 31, and the Flammable and Combustible Liquids plus tolerance of 10 percent in maximum capacity Code, NFPA No. 30, of the National Fire Proand a plus tolerance of 5 percent in either the tection Association. maximum diameter or the maximum length will be permitted for tanks constructed of No. 7 gage 1.3 Tanks covered by these requirements are (0.167 inch minimum) (4.24 mm minimum) or cylindrical tanks which are fabricated, inspected, heavier steel. This does not mean that a tank is to and tested for leakage before shipment from the be designed intentionally to have a capacity, factory as completely assembled vessels. diameter, or length greater than the maximum designated above. There is no limit on the minus 2. General tolerances for capacity, diameter, or length. 2.1 Capacities, dimensions, and construction details shall conform to the applicable requirements of this Standard. 4. Materials 2.2 Gallon capacities per foot of length of 4.1 A tank shall be constructed of commercial cylindrical shells having diameters of 24 to 144 quality uncoated or galvanized steel of good inches, inclusive, are given in Appendix A, Table I. welding quality. Only new material shall be used. Capacities in liters (dm³) per meter of length of cylindrical shells having diameters of 600 to 3800 4.2 The thickness of steel, as measured in mm, inclusive, are given in Appendix A, Table II. accordance with paragraph 4.3 shall be not less (Add one-third the height of conical heads to shell than the appropriate minimum value given in Table lengths to obtain total capacity.) 4.1 or 4.2. 4.3 The thickness of steel is to be determined 2.3 If a value for measurement as given in these by five micrometer readings equally spaced along requirements is followed by an equivalent value in the edge of the full piece as rolled. Thickness is to other units, the first stated value is to be regarded be determined on the sheet not less than 3/8 inch as the requirement. A given equivalent value may (9.5 mm) from a cut edge and not less than 3/4 be only approximate. inch (19 mm) from a mill edge. TABLE 3.1 TP-8 THICKNESS OF STEEL Manufacturers' Nominal Thickness Maximum Standard or Capacity Diameter Galvanized Sheet Uncoated Galvanized U.S. Galtons 3 dm Inches m Gage No. Inches mm Inches mm Up to 285 Up to 1078 42 1.07 14 0.075 1.91 0.079 2.01 286 to 560 1082 to 2120 48 1.22 12 0.105 2.67 0.108 2.74 561 to 1100 2124 to 4164 64 1.63 10 0.135 3.43 0.138 3.51 1101 to 4000 4168 to 15142 84 2.13 7 0.179 4.55 4001 to 12,000 15145 to 45425 126 3.20 1/4 inch 0.250 6.35 12,001 to 20,000 45429 to 75708 144 3.66 5/16 inch 0.312 7.92 20,001 to 50,000 75712 to 189270 144 3.66 3/8 inch 0.375 9.53 6 STEEL UNDERGROUND TAN R FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS 58 *NOVEMBER 28, 1977 TABLE 4.2 TABLE 4.1 NOMINAL AND MINIMUM THICKNESS FOR TP-10 NOMINAL AND MINIMUM THICKNESS GALVANIZED SHEET STEEL TP-9 FOR UNCOATED SHEET AND PLATE STEEL Galvanized Nominal Thickness Minimum Thickness Sheet Manufacturers' Nominal Thickness Minimum Thickness Gage No. Inches mm Inches mm Standard 10 0.138 3.51 0.126