Interpretation. As used in this

Agreement, words in the singular include the plural and words in the plural include the singular. The descriptive headings for each Section of this Agreement shall not affect the interpretation or the legal efficacy of this Agreement. In Witness Whereof the parties have caused this Agreement to be executed by their respective officers duly authorized and their corporate seals to be hereunto affixed and attested as of the date first above written: The parties below certify :hat the wording of this Agreement is identical to the wording specified in 40 CFR 264.151(a)(1) as such regulations were constituted on the date first above written. [Signature of Grantor) (Title] Attest: [Title] [Seal] [Signature of Trustee] [Title] [Seal] (2) The following is an example of the certification of acknowledgment which must accompany the trust agreement for a trust fund as specified in §§ 264.143(a) and 264.145(a) or §§ 265.143(a) or 265.145(a) of this chapter. State requirements may differ on the proper content of this acknowledgment. State of County of On this [date]. before me personally came [owner or operator] to me known. who. being by me duly sworn. did depose and say that she/he resides at [address]. that she/he is [title] of [corporation], the corporation described in and which executed the above instrument; that she/he knows the seal of said corporation; that the seal affixed to such instrument is such corporate seal: that it was 60 affixed by order of the Board of Directors [Sec. 264.151(a)(2)] 200 PERMITTED FACILITIES STANDARDS S-618 of said corporation. and that she/he signed her/his name thereto by like order. [Signature of Notary Public] (b) A surety bond guaranteeing payment into a trust fund. as specified in §§ 264.143(b) or 264.145(b) or §§ 265.143(b) or 265.145(b) of this chapter, must be worded as follows, except that instructions in brackets are to be replaced with the relevant information and the brackets deleted: Financial Guarantee Bond [Corrected by 47 FR 19995. May 10, 1982] Date bond executed: Effective date: Principal: [legal name and business address of owner or operator] Type of organization: [insert "individual." "joint venture," "partnership." or "corporation"] State of incorporation: Surety(ies): [name(s) and business address(es)] EPA Identification Number, name. address. and closure and/or post-closure amount(s) for each facility guaranteed by this bond [indicate closure and post-closure amounts separately]: Total penal sum of bond: $ Surety's bond number: Know All Persons By These Presents. That we, the Principal and Surety(ies) hereto are firmly bound to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (hereinafter called EPA). in the above penal suni for the payment of which we bind ourselves. our heirs. executors. administrators. successors. and assigns jointly and severally: provided that, where the Surety(ies) are corporations acting as co-sureties. we, the Sureties, bind ourselves in such sum "jointly and severally" only for the purpose of allowing a joint action or actions against any or all of us. and for all other purposes each Surety binds itself. jointly and severally with the Principal, for the payment of such sum only as is set forth opposite the name of such Surety, but if no limit of liability is indicated. the limit of liability shall be the full amount of the penal sum. Whereas said Principal is required. under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act 85 amended (RCRA). to have a permit or interim status in order to own or operate each hazardous waste management facility identified above, and Whereas said principal is required to provide financial essurance for closure, or closure and post-closure care, 88 a condition of the permit or interim status, and Whereas said Principal shall establish a standby trust fund as is required when a surety bond is used to provide such financial assurance: Now, Therefore, the conditions of the obligation are such that if the Principal shall faithfully. before the beginning of final closure of each facility identified above. fund the standby trust fund in the amount(s) identified above for the facility, Or, if the Principal shall fund the standby trust fund in such amount(s) within 15 days after an order to begin closure is issued by an EPA Regional Administrator or a U.S. district court or other court of competent jurisdiction. Or, if the Principal shall provide alternate financial assurance, as specified in Subpart H of 40 CFR Parts 264 or 265, 88 applicable, and obtain the EPA Regional Administrator's written approval of such assurance. within 90 days after the date notice of cancellation is received by both the Principal and the EPA Regional Administrator(s) from the Surety(ies). then this obligation shall be null and void, otherwise it is to remain in full force and effect. The Surety(ies) shall become liable on this bond obligation only when the Principal has failed to fulfill the conditions described above. Upon notification by an EPA Regional Administrator that the Principal has failed to perform as guaranteed by this bond. the Surety(ies) shall place funds in the amount guaranteed for the facility(ies) into the standby trust fund as directed by the EPA Regional Administrator. The liability of the Surety(ies) shall not be discharged by any payment or succession of payments hereunder. unless and until such payment or payments shall amount in the aggregate to the penal sum of the bond. but in no event shall the obligation of the Surrity(ies) hereunder exceed the amount of said penal sum. The Surety(ies) may cancel the bond by sending notice of cancellation by certified mail to the Principal and to the EPA Regional Administrator(s) for the Region(s) in which the facility(ies) is (are) located, provided, however. that cancellation shall not occur during the 120 days beginning on the date of receipt of the notice of cancellation by both the Principal and the EPA Regional Administrator(s), as evidenced by the return receipts. The Principal may terminate this bond by sending written notice to the Surety(ies). provided. however, that no such notice shall become effective until the Surety(ies) receive(s) written authorization for termination of the bond by the EPA Regional Administrator(s) of the EPA Region(s) in which the bonded facility(ies) is (are) located. [The following paragraph is an optional rider that may be included but is not required.] Principal and Surety (ies) hereby eyree to adjust the penal sum of the bond yearly so that it guarantees a new closure and/or postclosure amount. provided that the penal sum does not increase by more than 20 percent in any one year, and no decrease in the penal sum takes place without the written permission of the EPA Regional Administrator(s). In Witness Whereof. the Principal and Surety(ies) have executed this Financial Cuarantee Bond and have affixed their seals on the date set forth above. The persons whose signatures appear below hereby certify that they are authorized to execute this surety bond on behalf of the Principal and Surety(ies) and that the wording of this surety bond is identical to the wording specified in 40 CFR 264.151(b) as such regulations were constituted on the date this bond was executed. Principal [Signature(s)] [Name(s)] [Title(s)] [Corporate seal] Corporate Surety(ies) [Name and address) State of incorporation: Liability limit: $ [Signature(s)] [Name(s) and title(s)] [Corporate seal] [For every co-surety, provide signature(s). corporate seal. and other information in the same manner as for Surety above.) Bond premium: $ (c) A surety bond guaranteeing performance of closure and/or postclosure care, as specified in §§ 264.143(c) or 264.145(c). must be worded as follows, except that the instructions in brackets are to be replaced with the relevant information and the brackets deleted: Performance Bond [Corrected by 47 FR 19995, May 10, 1982] Date bond executed: Effective date: Principal: [legal name and business address of owner or operator] Type of organization: [insert "individual" "joint venture." "partnership." or "corporation"] State of incorporation: Surety(ies): [name(s) and business address(es)] EPA Identification/Number. name. address. and closure and/or post-closure amount(s) for each facility guaranteed by this bond [indicate closure and post-closure amounts separately] Total penal sum of bond: $ Surety's bond number: Know All Persons By These Presents. That we, the Principal and Suraty(ies) hereto are firmly bound to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (hereinafter called EPA). in the above penal sum for the payment of which WE bind ourselves. our heirs, executors. administrators. successors. and assigns jointly and severally: provided that where the Surety(ies) are corporations acting as co-sureties, we. the Sureties: bind [Sec. 264.151(c)] 161:2038 ourselves in such sum "jointly and severally" only for the purpose of allowing a joint action or actions against any or all of us. and for all other purposes each Surety binds itself. jointly and severally with the Principal, for the payment of such sum only as is set forth opposite the name of such Surety. but if no limit of liability is indicated. the limit of liability shall be the full amount of the penal sum. Whereas said Principal is required. under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act as amended (RCRA), to have a permit in order to own or operate each hazardous waste management facility indentified above, and Whereas said Principal is required to provide financial assurance for closure. or closure and post-closure care. as 8 condition of the permit. and Whereas said Principal shall establish a standby trust fund as is required when 8 surely bond is used to provide such financial assurance; Now, Therefore, the conditions of this obligation are such that if the Principal shall faithfully perform closure, whenever required to do 60, of each facility for which this bond guarantees closure, in accordance with the closure plan and other requirements of the permit 8$ such plan and permit may be amended. pursuant to all applicable laws, statutes, rules. and regulations, as such laws, statutes, rules, and regulations may be amended, And. if the Principal shall faithfully perform post-closure care of each facility for which this bond guarantees post-closure care, in accordance with the post-closure plan and other requirements of the permit. as such plan and permit may be amended, pursuant to all applicable laws, statutes. rules. and regulations, as such laws. statutes. rules. and regulations may be amended, Or, if the Principal shall provide alternate financial assurance as specified in Subpart H of 40 CFR Part 264, and obtain the EPA Regional Administrator's written approval of such assurance, within 90 days after the date notice of cancellation is received by both the Principal and the EPA Regional Administrator(s) from the Surety(ies). then this obligation shall be null and void, otherwise it is to remain in full force and effect. The Surety(ies) shall become liable on this bond obligation only when the Principal has failed to fulfill the conditions described above. Upon notification by an EPA Regional Administrator that the Principal has been found in violation of the closure requirements of 40 CFR Part 264, for a facility for which this bond guarantees performance of closure, the Surety(ies) shall either perform closure in accordance with the closure plan and other permit requirements or place the closure amount guaranteed for the facility into the standby trust fund as directed by the EPA Regional Administrator. Upon notification by an EPA Regional Administrator that the Principal has been found in violation of the post-closure requirements of 40 CFR Part 264 for a facility for which this bond guarantees performance of post-closure care. the Surety(ies) shall either perform post-closure care in accordance with the post-closure plan and other permit requirements or place the postclosure amount guaranteed for the facility Into the standby trust fund as directed by the EPA Regional Administrator. Upon notification by an EPA Regional Administrator that the Principal has failed to provide alternate financial assurance as specified in Subpart H of 40 CFR Part 264, and obtain written approval of such assurance from the EPA Regional Administrator(s) during the 90 days following receipt by both the Principal and the EPA Regional Administrator(s) of a notice of cancellation of the bond. the Surety(ies) shall place funds in the amount guaranteed for the facility(ies) into the standby trust fund as directed by the EPA Regional Administrator. The surety(ies) hereby waive(s) notification of amendments to closure plans. permits, applicable laws, statutes. rules, and regulations and agrees that no such amendment shall in any way alleviate its (their) obligation on this bond. The liability of the Surety(ies) shall not be discharged by any payment or succession of payments hereunder, unless and until such payment or payments shall amount in the aggregate to the penal sum of the bond. but in no event shall the obligation of the Surety(ies) hereunder exceed the amount of said penal sum. The Surety(ies) may cancel the bond by sending notice of cancellation by certified mail to the owner or operator and to the EPA Regional Administrator(s) for the Region(s) in which the facility(ies) is (are) located, provided. however, that cancellation shall not occur during the 120 days beginning on the date of receipt of the notice of cancellation by both the Principal and the EPA Regional Administrator(s), as evidenced by the return receipts. The principal may terminate this bond by sending written notice to the Surety(ies). provided. however. that no such notice shall become effective until the Surety(ies) receive(s) written authorization for termination of the bond by the EPA Regional Administrator(s) of the EPA Region(s) in which the bonded facility(ies) is (are) located. [The following paragraph is an optional rider that may be included but is not required.) Principal and Surety(ies) hereby agree to adjust the penal sum of the bond yearly so that it guarantees a new closure and/or postclosure amount. provided that the penal sum does not increase by more than 20 percent in any one year, and no decrease in the penal sum takes place without the written permission of the EPA Regional Administrator(s). in Witness Whereof, The Principal and Surety(ies) have executed this Performance Bond and have affixed their seals on the date set forth above. The persons whose signatures appear below hereby certify that they are authorized to execute this surety bond on behalf of the Principal and Surety(ies) and that the wording of this surety bond is identical to the wording specified in 40 CFR 264.151(c) as such regulation was constituted on the date this bond was executed. Principal [Signature(s)] [Name(s)] [Title(s)] (Corporate seal] Corporate Surety(ies) [Name and address] State of incorporation: Liability limit: $ [Signature(s)] [Name(s) and title(s)] Corporate seal: [For every co-surely. provide signature(s), corporate seal. and other information in the same manner as for Surety above.] Bond premium: $ (d) A letter of credit, as specified in §§ 264.143(d) or 264.145(d) or §§ 265.143(c) or 265.145(c) of this chapter, must be worded as follows, except that instructions in brackets are to be replaced with the relevant information and the brackets deleted: Irrevocable Standby Letter of Credit Regional Administrator(s) Region(s) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Dear Sir or Madam: We bereby establish our Irrevocable Standby Letter of Credit No. in your favor, at the request and for the account of [owner's or operator's name and address) up to the aggregate amount of [in words] U.S. dollars S-. available.upon presentation [insert, if more than one Regional Administrator is a beneficiary. "by any one of you") of (1) your sight draft. bearing reference to this letter of credit and (2) your signed statement reading as follows: "I certify that the amount of the draft is payable pursuant to regulations issued under authority of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 as amended." This letter of credit is effective as of [date] and shall expire on [date at least 1 year later}. but such expiration date shall be automatically extended for a period of [at least 1 year] on [date] and on each successive expiration date. unless, at least 120 days before the current expiration date, we notify both you and [owner's or operator's name] by certified mail that we have decided not to extend this letter of credit beyond the current expiration date. In the event you are so [Sec. 264.151(d)] PERMITTED FACILITIES STANDARDS notified. any unused portion of the credit shall be available upon presentation of your sight draft for 120 days after the date of receipt by both you and (owner's or operator's name]. as shown on the signed return receipts. Whenever this letter of credit is drawn on under and In compliance with the terms of this credit, we shall duly honor such draft upon presentation to us, and we shall deposit the amount of the draft directly into the standby trust fund of [owner's or operator's name] in accordance with your instructions. We certify that the wording of this letter of credit is identical to the wording specified in 40 CFR 264.151(d) as such regulations were constituted on the date shown immediately below. [Signature[s] and title(s) of official(s) of issuing institution] [Date] This credit is subject to [insert "the most recent edition of the Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits. published by the International Chamber of Commerce." or "the Uniform Commercial Code"]. (e) A certificate of insurance, as specified in §§ 264.143(e) or 264.145(e) or §§ 265.143(d) or 265.145(d) of this chapter. must be worded as follows, except that instructions in brackets are to be replaced with the relevant information and the brackets deleted: Certificate of Insurance for Closure or Post- Closure Care Name and Address of Insurer (herein called the "Insurer"): Name and Address of Insured (herein called the "Insured"): Facilities Covered: [List for each facility: The EPA Identification Number, name, address, and the amount of insurance for closure and/or the amount for post-closure care (these amounts for all facilities covered must total the face amount shown below).] Face Amount: Policy Number: Effective Date: The Insurer hereby certifies that it has issued to the Insured the policy of insurance identified above to provide financial assurance for [insert "closure" or "closure and post-closure care" or "post-closure care"] for the facilities identified above. The Insurer further warrants that such policy conforms in all respects with the requirements of 40 CFR 264.143(e). 264.145(e). 265.143(d). and 265.145(d). as applicable and as such regulations were constituted on the date shown immediately below. It is agreed that any provision of the policy inconsistent with such regulations is hereby amended to eliminate such inconsistency. Whenever requested by the EPA Regional Administrator(s) of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the Insurer agrees to furnish to the EPA Regional Administrator(s) a duplicate original of the policy listed above. including all endorsements thereon. I hereby certify that the wording of this certificate is identical to the wording specified in 40 CFR 264.151(e) as such regulations were constituted on the date shown immediately below. [Authorized signature for Insurer] [Name of person signing] [Title of person signing] Signature of witness or notary: [Date] (f) A letter from the chief financial officer, as specified in §§ 264.143(f) or 264.145(f) or §§ 265.143(e) or 265.145(e) of this chapter, must be worded as follows, except that instructions in brackets are to be replaced with the relevant information and the brackets deleted: Letter From Chief Financial Officer [Address to Regional Administrator of every Region in which facilities for which financial responsibility is to be demonstrated through the financial test are located.) I am the chief financial officer of [name and address of firm]. This letter is in support of this firm's use of the financial test to demonstrate financial assurance, as specified in Subpart H of 40 CFR Parts 264 and 265. (Fill out the following four paragraphs regarding facilities and associated cost estimates. If your firm has no facilities that belong in a particular paregraph. write "None" in the space indicated. For each facility. include its EPA Identification Number, name, address, and current closure and/or post-closure cost estimates. Identify each cost estimate as to whether it is for closure or post-closure care.] 1. This firm is the owner or operator of the following facilities for which financial assurance for closure or post-closure care is demonstrated through the financial test specified in Subpart H of 40 CFR Parts 264 and 265. The current closure and/or postclosure cost estimates covered by the test are shown for each facility: 2. This firm guarantees, through the corporate guarantee specified in Subpart H of 40 CFR Parts 264 and 265. the closure or postclosure care of the following facilities owned or operated by subsidiaries of this firm. The current cost estimates for the closure or postclosure care so guaranteed are shown for each facility: 3. In States where EPA is not administering the financial requirements of Subpart H of 40 CFR Parts 264 or 265. this firm. as owner or operator or guarantor. is demonstrating financial assurance for the closure or postclosure care of the following facilities through the use of a test equivalent or substantially equivalent to the financial test specified in Subpart H of 40 CFR Parts 264 and 265. The current closure and/or post-closure cost estimates covered by such a test are shown for each facility: 4. This firm is the owner or operator of the following hazardous waste management facilities for which financial assurance for closure or. if a disposal facility, post-closure care, is not demonstrated either to LPA or a State through the financial test or any other financial assurance mechanism specified in Subpart H of 40 CFR Parts 264 and 265 or equivalent or substantially equivalent State mechanisms. The current closure and/or post-closure cost estimates not covered by such financial assurance are shown for each facility: This firm [insert "is required" or "is not required") to file a Form 10K with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) for the latest fiscal year. The fiscal year of this firm ends on [month. day]. The figures for the following items marked with an asterisk are derived from this firm's independently audited. year-end financial statements for the latest completed fiscal year, ended [date]. [Fill in Alternative 1 If the criteria of paragraph (f)(1)(i) of 11 264.143 or 254.145, or of paragraph (e)(1)[i) of $$ 265.143 or 265.145 of this chapter are used. Fill in Alternative II if the criteria of paragraph (f)(1)(ii) of $1 264.143 or 264.145, or of paragraph (e){1)(ii) of §§ 265.143 or 265.145 of this chapter are used.] ALTERNATIVE I $ 1. Sum of current ciosure and post-ctosure cost estimates [total of all cost estimates shown in the lour paragraphs abovel "2. Total liabilities (if any portion of the closure or post-closure cost estimates is included in total liabilities. you may deduct the amount of that portion from this line and add that amount to lines 3 and 4) *3. Tangible net worth "4. Net worth *5. Current assets "E. Current liabilities 7. Net working caprial fline 5 minus line 6] "a. The sum of net income plus depreciation, depletion. and emortization *9. Total assets in U.S. (required only If less than 80% of firm's assets are located in the U.S.). ALTERNATIVE II Yes No 10 Is line 3 at least $10 million? 11. Is line 3 at least 6 times line 1? 12. Is line 7 at least 6 times line 17 *13. Are at least 90% of firm's assets located in the U S.? H not, complete line 14. 14. Is line 9 at least 6 times line 17 15. Is line 2 divided by line 4 less than 2.07 16. is line 8 divided by line 2 greater man 0.17 17. Is line 5 divided by line 6 greater than 1.57 1. Sum of current closure and post-closure cost estimates [total of all cost estimates shown in the four paragraphs above) 2. Current bond rating of most recent issuance of this firm and name of rating service 3. Date of issuance of bond 4. Date of maturity of bond $ [Sec. 264.151(f)] 161:2040 *5. Tangible nel worth [if any portion of the closure and post-closure cost estimates is included in "total liabilities" on your firm's financial statements. you may add the amount of that portion to this line) $ "6. Total assets in U.S. (required only # less than 90% of firm's assets are located in. the U.S.) Yes No 7. is line 5 at least $10 miliion? B. is line 5 at least 6 times line 17 *9. Are at least 90% of firm's assets located in the U.S.7 If not complete line TO 10. Is line 6 at least 6 times line 1? $ I hereby certify that the wording of this letter is identical to the wording specified in 40 CFR 264.151(f) as such regulations were constituted on the date shown immediately below. [Signature] [Name] [Title] (Date) [Editor's note: EPA July 1, 1982 (47 FR 28627) amended $264.151(g) to add OMB Control No. 2000-0445.] (g) A letter from the chief financial officer, as specified in 264.147(f) or 265.147(f) of this chapter. must be worded as follows. except that instructions in brackets are to be replaced with the relevant information and the brackets deleted: Letter from Chief Financial Officer (10 demonstrate liability coverage or to demonstrate both liability coverage and assurance of closure or post-closure care). [Address to Regional Administrator of every Region in which facilities for which financial responsibility is to be demonstrated through the financial test are located.) I am the chief financial officer of [owner's or operator's name and address]. This letter is in support of the use of the financial test to demonstrate financial responsibility for liability coverage [insert "and closure and/or post-closure care" if applicable] as specified in Subpart H of 40 CFR Parts 264 and 265. [Fill out the following paragraph regarding facilities and liability coverage. For each facility. include its EPA Identification Number. name, and address.] The owner or operator identified above is the owner or operator of the following facilities for which liability coverage is being demonstrated through the financial test specified in Subpart H of 40 CFR Parts 264 and 265: (If you are using the financial test to demonstrate coverage of both liability and closure and post-closure care, fill in the following four paragraphs regarding facilities and associated closure and post-closure cost estimates. If there are no facilities that belong in a particular paragraph, write "None" in the space indicated. For each facility. include its EPA Identification Number, name. address, and current closure and/or post-closure cost estimates. Identify each cost estimate as to whether it is for closure or post-closure care.] 1. The owner or operator identified above owns or operates the following facilities for which financial assurance for closure or postclosure care is demonstrated through the financial test specified in Subpart H of 40 CFR Parts 264 and 265. The current closure and/or post-closure cost estimates covered by the test are shown for each facility: 2. The owner or operator identified above guarantees. through the corporate guarantee specified in Subpart H of 40 CFR Parts 264 and 205, the closure and post-closure care of the following facilities owned or operated by its subsidiaries. The current cost estimates for the closure or post-closure care so guaranteed are shown for each facility: 3. in States where EPA is not administering the financial requirements of Subpart H of 40 CFR Parts 264 and 265, this owner or operator is demonstrating financial assurance for the closure or post-closure care of the following facilities through the use of a test equivalent or substantially equivalent to the financial test specified in Subpart H of 40 CFR Parts 264 and 265. The current closure and/or postclosure cost estimates covered by such a test are shown for each facility: 4. The owner or operator identified above owns or operates the following hazardous waste management facilities for which financial assurance for closure or. if a disposal facility. post-closure care. is not demonstrated either to EPA or a State through the financial test or any other financial assurance mechanism specified in Subpart H of 40 CFR Parts 264 and 265 or equivalent or substantially equivalent State mechanisms. The current closure and/or post-closure cost estimates not covered by such financial assurance are shown for each facility: This owner or operator [insert "is required" or "is not required"] to file a Form 10K with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) for the latest fiscal year. The fiscal year of this owner or operator ends on [month. day]. The figures for the following items marked with an asterisk are derived from this owner's or operator's independently audited. year-end financial statements for the latest completed fiscal year, ended [date]. [Fill in part A if you are using the financial test to demonstrate coverage only for the liability requirements.] Part A. Liability Coverage for Accidental Occurrences (Fill in Alternative I if the criteria of paragraph (f)(1)(i) of $ $ 264.147 or 265.147 are used. Fill in Alternative II if the criteria of paragraph (f)(1)(ii) of §§ 264.147 or 265.147 are used.] ALTERNATIVE I 1. Amount of annual aggregate hability coverage to be demonstrated $ "2. Current assets $ *3. Current habilities $ 4. Net working capital (line 2 minus line 3) $ *5. Tangible net worth $ *6. If less than 90% of assets are localed in the U.S., give total U.S. assets $ YES NO 7. is line 5 at least $10 million? 8. is line 4 at least 6 times line 17 9. Is line 5 at least 6 times line 17 *10. Are a1 least 90% of assets located in the U.S.? If not complete line 11. 11. Is line 6 at least 6 times line 17 ALTERNATIVE II [Corrected by 47 FR 17989, April 27, 1982] 1. Amount of annual aggregate liability coverage to be demonstrated $ 2. Current bond rating of most recent issuance and name of rating service 3. Date of issuance of bond 4. Date of maturity of bond "5. Tengible net worth $ "6. Total assets in U.S. (required only if less than 90% of assets are located in the U.S.) $ YES NO 7. Is line 5 at least $10 million? a. is line 5 at least 6 times line 1? *9. Are at least 90% of assets located in the U.S.? If not, complete line 10. 10. Is line 6 at least 6 times line 17 [Fill in part B if you are using the financial test to demonstrate assurance of both liability coverage and closure or post-closure care.] Port B. Closure or Post-Closure Care and Liability Coverage [Fill in Alternative I if the criteria of paragraphs (f)(1)(i) of $5 264.143 or 264.145 and (f)(1)(i) of § 264.147 are used or if the criteria of paragraphs (e)(1)(i) of §§ 265.143 or 265.145 and (f)(1)(i) of § 265.147 are used. Fill in Alternative II if the criteria of paragraphs [f)(1)(ii) of 11 264.143 or 264.145 and (f)(1)(ii) of $ 254.147 are used or if the criteria of paragraphs (e)(1)(ii) of §§ 265.143 or 265.145 and (f)(1)[ii) of 265.147 are used.] ALTERNATIVE I 1. Sum of current closure and post-closure cost estimates (total of all cost estimates listed above) $ 2. Amount of annual aggregate liability coverage to be demonstrated $ 3 Sum of lines 1 and 2 $ "4. Total liabilities (if any portion of your closure or post-closure cost estimates is included in your total liabilities, you may deduct that portion from this line and add that amount to lines 5 and 6) $ *5. Tangible net worth $ *6. Net worth $ "7. Current assets $ "6. Current liabilities $ 9. Net working capital (line 7 minus line B) $ '10. The sum of net income plus deprectation, depletion, and amortization $ "11. Total assets in U.S. (required only if less than 90% of assets are located in the U.S.) $ YES NO 12. is line 5 at least $10 million? 13. is line 5 at least 6 times line 37 [Sec. 264.151(g)] PERMITTED FACILITIES STANDARDS S-616 ALTERNATIVE I-Continued 14. is line 9 at least 6 times line 37 - "15. Are at least 90% of assets located in the U.S.? If not complete line 16 - 1 16. is line 11 at least 6 times line 37 17. is line 4 divided by line 6 less than 2.07 18. is line 10 divided by line 4 greater than 0.17 19. is line 7 divided by line 6 greater than 1.57 - ALTERNATIVE II " offected In 47 IK 17989. April 27. 19821 1. Sum or current closure and post-closure cost estimates (total of all cost estimates listed above) $ 2. Amount of annual aggregate liability coverage to be demonstrated $ 3. Sum of lines 1 and 2 $ 4. Current bond rating of most recent issuance and name of rating service 5. Date of issuance of bond 6. Date of maturity of bond *7. Tangible net worth (if any portion of the closure or post-closure cost estmales is included in "total liabilities" on your financial statements you may add that portion to this line) $ *8 Total assets in the U.S. (required only if less than 90% of assets are located in the U.S.) $ YES NO 9. is line 7 at least $10 million? 10. is line 7 at least 6 times line 3? "11. Are at least 90% of assets located in the U.S.? If not. complete line 12 12. Is line B at least 6 times line 3? I hereby certify that the wording of this letter is identical to the wording specified in 40 CFR 264.151(g) as such regulations were constituted on the date shown immediately below. [Signature] [Name] [Title] [Date] [264.151(g) revised by 47 FR 16554, April 16, 1982] (h) A corporate guarantee, as specified in §§ 264.143(f) or 264.145(f) or §§ 265.143(e) or 265.145(e) of this chapter, must be worded as follows, except that instructions in brackets are to be replaced with the relevant information and the brackeis deleted: Corporate Cuarantee for Closure or Post- Closure Care Guarantee made this [date] by [name of guaranteeing entity]. a business corporation organized under the laws of the State of [insert name of State]. herein referred to as guarantor. to the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). obligee. on behalf of our subsidiary [owner or operator) of [business address). Recitals 1. Guarantor meets or exceeds the financial test criteria and agrees to comply with the reporting requirements for guarantors as specified in 40 CFR 264.143(f). 264.145(f). 265.143(e). and 265.145(e). 2. [Owner or operator] owns or operates the following hazardous waste management facility(ies) covered by this guarantee: [List for each facility: EPA Identification Number, name, and address. Indicate for each whether guarantee is for closure. post-closure care. or both.] 3. "Closure plans" and "post-closure plans" 85 used below refer to the plans maintained as required by Subpart G of 40 CFR Parts 264 and 265 for the closure and post-closure care of facilities as identified above. 4. For value received from [owner or operator], guarantor guarantees to EPA that in the event that {owner or operator] fails to perform [insert "closure," "post-closure care" or "closure and post-closure care"] of the above facility(ies) in accordance with the closure or post-closure plans and other permit or interim status requirements whenever required to do so, the guarantor shall do so or establish & trust fund as specified in Subpart H of 40 CFR Parts 264 or 265, as applicable, in the name of [owner or operator] in the amount of the current closure or post-closure cost estimates as specified in Subpart H of 40 CFR Parts 204 and 265. 5. Guarantor agrees that if, at the end of any fiscal year before termination of this guarantee, the guarantor fails to meet the financial test criteria, guarantor shall send within 90 days. by certified mail, notice to the EPA Regional Administrator(s) for the Region(s) in which the facility(ies) is (are) located and to [owner or operator] that he intends to provide alternate financial assurance as specified in Subpart H of 40 CFR Parts 264 or 265, as applicable, in the name of (owner or operator]. Within 120 days after the end of such fiscal year, the guarantor shall establish such financial assurance unless [owner or operator] has done so. 6. The guarantor agrees to notify the EPA Regional Administrator by certified mail. of a voluntary or involuntary proceeding under Title 11 (Bankruptcy). U.S. Code. naming guarantor as debtor. within 10 days after commencement of the proceeding. 7. Guarantor agrees that within 30 days after being notified by an EPA Regional Administrator of a determination that guarantor no longer meets the financial test criteria or that he is disallowed from continuing as a guarantor of closure or postclosure care, he shall establish alternate financial assurance 85 specified in Subpart H of 40 CFR Parts 264 or 265. as applicable, in the name of [owner or operator] unless [owner or operator] has done so. 8. Guarantor agrees to remain bound under this guarantee notwithstanding any or all of the following: amendment or modification of the closure or post-closure plan, amendment or modification of the permit, the extension or reduction of the time of performance of closure or post-closure. or any other modification or alteration of an obligation of the owner or operator pursuant to 40 CFR Parts 264 or 265. 9. Guarantor agrees to remain bound under this guarantee for so long as [owner or operator] must comply with the applicable financial assurance requirements of Subpart H of 40 CFR Parts 264 and 265 for the abovelisted facilities, except that guarantor may cancel this guarantee by sending notice by certified mail to the EPA Regional Administrator(s) for the Region(s) in which the facility(ies) is (are) located and to [owner or operator]. such cancellation to become effective no earlier than 120 days after receipt of such notice by both EPA and [owner or operator]. as evidenced by the return receipts. 10. Cuarantor agrees that if [owner or operator] fails to provide alternate financial assurance as specified in Subpart H of 40 CFR Parts 264 or 265, as applicable. and obtain written approval of such assurance from the EPA Regional Administrator(s) within 90 days after a notice of cancellation by the guarantor is received by an EPA Regional Administrator from guarantor, guarantor shall provide such alternate financial assurance in the name of [owner or operator]. 11. Guarantor expressly waives notice of acceptance of this guarantee by the EPA or by [owner or operator]. Guarantor also expressly waives notice of amendments or modifications of the closure and/or postclosure plan and of amendments or modifications of the facility permit(s). I hereby certify that the wording of this guarantee is identical to the wording specified in 40 CFR 264.151(h) as such regulations were constitituted on the date first above written. Effective date: [Name of guarantor] (Authorized signature for guarantor] [Name of person signing] [Title of person signing] Signature of witness or nolary: [264.151(h) added by 47 FR 15047, April 7, 1982] [264.151(i) and (j) added by 47 FR 16554, April 16. 1982] [Editor's note: EPA July 1, 1982 (47 FR 28627) amended $264.151(i) to add OMB Control No. 2000-0445.] (i) A hazardous waste facility liability endorsement as required in §§ 264.147 or 265.147 must be worded as follows. except that instructions in brackets are to be replaced with the relevant information and the brackets deleted: Hazardous Waste Facility Liability Endorsement 1. This endorsement certifies that the policy to which the endorsement is attached provides liability insurance covering bodily injury and property damage in connection with the insured's obligation to demonstrate financial responsibility under 40 CFR 264.147 or 265.147. The coverage applies at [list EPA Identification Number. name, and address for each facility] for [insert "sudden accidental occurrences." "nonsudden accidental Published by THE BUREAU OF NATIONAL AFFAIRS INC., Washington. D.C. 20037 [Sec. 264.151(i)] 161:2042 occurrences." or "sudden and nonsudden accidental occurrences"; If coverage is for multiple facilities and the coverage is different for different facilities, indicate which facilities are insured for sudden accidental occurrences. which are insured for nonsudden accidental occurrences, and which are insured for both). The limits of liability are [insert the dollar amount of the "each occurrence" and "annual aggregate" limits of the Insurer's liability), exclusive of legal defense costs. 2. The insurance afforded with respect to such occurrences is subject to all of the terms and conditions of the policy: provided, however, that any provisions of the policy inconsistent with subsections (a) through (e) of this Paragraph 2 are hereby amended to conform with subsections (a) through (e): (a) Bankruptcy or insolvency of the insured shall not relieve the Insurer of its obligations under the policy to which this endorsement is attached. (b) The Insurer is liable for the payment of amounts within any deductible applicable to the policy. with a right of reimbursement by the insured for any such payment made by the Insurer. This provision does not apply with respect to that amount of any deductible for which coverage is demonstrated as specified in 40 CFR 264.147(f) or 285.147(f). (c) Whenever requested by a Regional Administrator of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). the Insurer agrees to furnish to the Regional Administrator a signed duplicate original of the policy and all endorsements. (d) Cancellation of this endorsement, whether by the Insurer or the insured. will be effective only upon written notice and only after the expiration of sixty (60) days after a copy of such written notice is received by the Regional Administrator(s) of the EPA Region(s) in which the facility(ies) is (are) located. (e) Any other termination of this endorsement will be effective only upon written notice and only after the expiration of thirty (30) days after a copy of such written notice is received by the Regional Administrator(s) of the EPA Region(s) in which the facility(ies) is (are) located. Attached to and forming part of policy No. issued by [name of Insurer]. herein called the Insurer. of [address of Insurer] to [name of insured] of [address] this - day of 19- The effective date of said policy is - day of 19- I hereby certify that the wording of this endorsement is identical to the wording specified in 40 CFR 264.151(i) as such regulation was constituted on the date first above written, and that the Insurer is licensed to transact the business of insurance. or eligible to provide insurance as an excess or surplus lines insurer. in one or more States. [Signature of Authorized Representative of Insurer] [Type name] [Title]. Authorized Representive of [name of Insurer] [Address of Representative] [Editor's note: EPA July 1, 1982 (47 FR 28627) amended $264.151(j) to add OMB Control No. 2000- 0445.] (j) A certificate of liability insurance as required in §§ 264.147 or 265.147 must be worded as follows, except that the instructions in brackets are to be replaced with the relevant information and the brackets deleted: Hazardous Waste Facility Certificate of Liability Insurance 1. [Name of Insurer]. (the "Insurer"), of [address of Insurer] hereby certifies that it has issued liability insurance covering bodily injury and property damage to (name of insured]. (the "insured"). of [address of insured) in connection with the insured's obligation to demonstrate financial responsibility under 40 CFR 264.147 or 265.147. The coverage applies at [list EPA Identification Number, name, and address for each facility] for [insert "sudden accidental occurrences." "nonsudden accidental occurrences." or "sudden and nonsudden accidental occurrences"; if coverage is for multiple facilities and the coverage is different for different facilities, indicate which facilities are insured for sudden accidental occurrences, which are insured for nonsudden accidental occurrences. and which are insured for both]. The limits of liability are (insert the dollar amount of the "each occurrence" and "annual aggregate" limits of the Insurer's liability]. exclusive of legal defense costs. The coverage is provided under policy number issued on [date]. The effective date of said policy is [date]. 2. The Insurer further certifies the following with respect to the insurance described in Paragraph 1: (a) Bankruptcy or insolvency of the insured shall not relieve the Insurer of ils obligations under the policy. (b) The Insurer is liable for the payment of amounts within any deductible applicable to the policy, with 8 right of reimbursement by the insured for any such payment made by the Insurer. This provision does not apply with respect to that amount of any deductible for which coverage is demonstrated as specified in 40 CFR 264.147(f) or 265.147(f). (c) Whenever requested by a Regional Administrator of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). the Insurer agrees to furnish to the Regional Administrator a signed duplicate original of the policy and all endorsements. (d) Cancellation of the insurance, whether by the Insurer or the insured. will be effective only upon written notice and only after the expiration of sixty (60) days after a copy of such written notice is received by the Regional Administrator(s) of the EPA Region(s) in which the facility(ies) is (are) located. (c) Any other termination of the insurance will be effective only upon written notice and only after the expiration of thirty (30) days after a copy of such written notice is received by the Regional Administrator(s) of the EPA Region(s) in which the facility(ies) is (are) located. I hereby certify that the wording of this instrument is identical to the wording specified in 40 CFR 264.151(j) as such regulation was constituted on the date first above written, and that the Insurer is licensed to transact the business of insurance, or eligible to provide insurance as an excess or surplus lines insurer, in one or more States. [Signature of authorized representative of Insurer] [Type name] [Title]. Authorized Representative of Iname of Insurer] [Address of Representative] Subpart I-Use and Management of Containers [Interim final] [Subpart I added by 46 FR 2847, January 12, 1981) $ 264.170 Applicability. The regulations in this Subpart apply to owners and operators of all hazardous waste facilities that store containers of hazardous waste, except as § 264.1 provides otherwise. [Comment: Under § 261.7 and $ 261.33(c). if 8 hazardous waste is (Sec. 264.170] 206 ANEJO B12 29 CFR 1910.94 Ventilation Subparte G-Occupational Health and Environmental Control § 1910.69 Anejo B12 Manlifts found to be unsale shall not be operated until properly repaired. (2) Items covered. This periodic inspection shall cover but is not limited to the following items: Steps. Step Fastenings. Rails. Rail Supports and Pastenings. Rollers and Slides. Belt and Belt Tension. Handholds and Fastenings. Floor Landings. Guardrails. Lubrication. Limit Switches. Warning Signs and Lights. Illumination. Drive Pulley. Bottom (boot) Pulley and Clearance. Pulley Supports. Motor. Driving Mechanism. Brake. Electrical Switches. Vibration and Misalignment. "Skip" on up or down run when mounting step (indicating worn gears). (3) Inspection log. A written record shall be kept of findings at each inspection. Records of inspection shall be made available to the Assistant Secretary of Labor or his duly authorized representative. (SOURCE ANSI A90.1-1969 Safety Code for Manlifts.) OMB CONTROL No. 1218-0055, paragraph (e)(3). (47 FR 14706, Apr. 6, 1982) (Secs. 4(b)(2). 6(b) and 8(c), 84 Stat. 1592. 1593, 1596, 29 U.S.C. 653, 655, 657; Secretary of Labor's Order No. 8-76 (41 FR 25059); 29 CFR Part 1911) 139 FR 23502. June 27. 1974. as amended at 43 FR 49746. Oct. 24, 1978; 47 FR 14706, Apr. 6. 1982) $ 1910.69 Sources of standards. $ 1910.70 Standards organizations. Sec Source 1910 66 ANSI A120.1-1970 Safety Code for Powered Platforms for Exterior Building Mainte. nance 1910.67 ANSI A92 2-1969 American National Stand. and for Vehicle-Mounted Elevaling and Rotaking Work Platforms 1910 68 ANSI A90 1-1969 Safety Code for Manlifts Specific standards of the following organizations have been referenced In this subpart. Copies of the standards may be obtained from the issuing organization. American National Standards Institute 1430 Broadway New York. New York 10018 Subport G-Occupational Health and Environmental Control American Welding Society 2501 NW. 7th Street Miami, Florida 33125 139 FR 23502. June 27. 1974. as amended at 40 FR 13440. Mar. 26, 1975) $ 1910.94 Ventilation. (a) Abrasive blasting-(1) Definitions applicable to this paragraph-(i) Abrasive. A solid substance used in an abrasive blasting operation. (ii) Abrasive-blasting respirator. A continuous flow air-line respirator constructed so that it will cover the wearer's head, neck. and shoulders to protect him from rebounding abrasive. (iii) Blast cleaning barrel. A complete enclosure which rotates on an axis, or which has an internal moving tread to tumble the parts, in order to expose various surfaces of the parts to the action of an automatic blast spray. (iv) Blast cleaning room. A complete enclosure in which blasting operations are performed and where the operator works inside of the room to operate the blasting nozzle and direct the flow of the abrasive material. (v) Blasting cabinet. An enclosure where the operator stands outside and operates the blasting nozzle through an opening or openings in the enclosure. (vi) Clean air. Air of such purity that it will not cause harm or discomfort to an individual if it is inhaled for extended periods of time. (vii) Dust collector. A device or combination of devices for separating dust from the air handled by an exhaust ventilation system. (viii) Exhaust ventilation system. A system for removing contaminated air from a space, comprising two or more of the following elements (a) enclosure or hood, (b) duct work, (c) dust collecting equipment, (d) exhauster, and (e) discharge stack. (ix) Particulate-filter respirator. An air purifying respirator, commonly referred to as a dust or a fume respirator, which removes most of the dust or fume from the air passing through the device. (x) Respirable dust. Airborne dust in sizes capable of passing through the upper respiratory system to reach the lower lung passages. (xi) Rotary blast cleaning table. An enclosure where the pieces to be cleaned are positioned on a rotating table and are passed automatically through a series of blast sprays. (xii) Abrasive blasting. The forcible application of an abrasive to a surface by pneumatic pressure, hydraulic pressure, or centrifugal force. sides away from any occupied area, to provide for pressure relief in case of explosion, following the principles set forth in the National Fire Protection Association Explosion Venting Guide. NFPA 68-1954. (3) Blast-cleaning enclosures. (i) Blast-cleaning enclosures shall be exhaust ventilated in such a way that a continuous inward flow of air will be maintained at all openings in the enclosure during the blasting operation. (a) All air inlets and access openings shall be baffled or so arranged that by the combination of inward air flow and baffling the escape of abrasive or dust particules into an adjacent work area will be minimized and visible spurts of dust will not be observed. (b) The rate of exhaust shall be suf. ficient to provide prompt clearance of the dust-laden air within the enclosure after the cessation of blasting. (c) Before the enclosure is opened, the blast shall be turned off and the exhaust system shall be run for a sufficient period of time to remove the dusty air within the enclosure. (d) Safety glass protected by screening shall be used in observation windows, where hard deep-cutting abrasives are used. (e) Slit abrasive-resistant baffles shall be installed in multiple sets at all small access openings where dust might escape, and shall be inspected regularly and replaced when needed. (1) Doors shall be flanged and tight when closed. (2) Doors on blast-cleaning rooms shall be operable from both inside and outside, except that where there is a small operator access door, the large work access door may be closed or opened from the outside only. (4) Exhaust ventilation systems. (i) The construction, installation, inspection. and maintenance of exhaust systems shall conform to the principles and requirements set forth in American National Standard Fundamentals Governing the Design and Operation of Local Exhaust Systems, Z9.2-1960, and ANSI Z33.1-1961. (a) When dust leaks are noted, repairs shall be made as soon as possible. (b) The static pressure drop at the exhaust ducts leading from the equipment shall be checked when the in- (2) Dust hazards from abrasive blasting. (i) Abrasives and the surface coatings on the materials blasted are shattered and pulverized during blasting operations and the dust formed will contain particles of respirable size. The composition and toxicity of the dust from these sources shall be considered in making an evaluation of the potential health hazards. (ii) The concentration of respirable dust or fume in the breathing zone of the abrasive-blasting operator or any other worker shall be kept below the levels specified in § 1910.1000. (iii) Organic abrasives which are combustible shall be used only in automatic systems. Where flammable or explosive dust mixtures may be present, the construction of the equipment, including the exhaust system and all electric wiring. shall conform to the requirements of American National Standard Installation of Blower and Exhaust Systems for Dust, Stock, and Vapor Removal or Conveying Z33.1-1961 (NFPA 91-1961), and the National Electrical Code, NFPA 70- 1971; ANSI C1-1971 (Rev. of C1-1968). The blast nozzle shall be bonded and grounded to prevent the build up of static charges. Where flammable or explosive dust mixtures may be present, the abrasive blasting enclosure, the ducts, and the dust collector shall be constructed with loose panels or explosion venting areas, located on 91910.94 stallation is completed and periodically thereafter to assure continued satisfactory operation. Whenever an appreciable change in the pressure drop indicates a partial blockage, the system shall be cleaned and returned to normal operating condition. (ii) In installations where the abrasive is recirculated, the exhaust ventilation system for the blasting enclosure shall not be relied upon for the removal of fines from the spent abrasive instead of an abrasive separator. An abrasive separator shall be provided for the purpose. (iii) The air exhausted from blastcleaning equipment shall be discharged through dust collecting equipment. Dust collectors shall be set up so that the accumulated dust can be emptied and removed without contaminat- Ing other working areas. (5) Personal protective equipment. (i) Only respiratory protective equipment approved by the Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the Interior (see 30 CFR Part 11) shall be used for protection of personnel against dusts produced during abrasive-blasting operations. (ii) Abrasive-blasting respirators shall be worn by all abrasive-blasting operators: (a) When working inside of blast. cleaning rooms, or (b) When using silica sand in manual blasting operations where the nozzle and blast are not physically separated from the operator in an exhaust ventilated enclosure, or (c) Where concentrations of toxic dust dispersed by the abrasive blasting may exceed the limits set in § 1910.1000 and the nozzle and blast are not physically separated from the operator in an exhaust-ventilated enclosure. (III) Particulate filter respirators, commonly referred to as dust-filter respirators, properly fitted, may be used for short, intermittent, or occasional dust exposures such as cleanup, dumping of dust collectors, or unloading shipments of sand at a receiving point, when It is not feasible to control the dust by enclosure, exhaust ventilation, or other means. Respirators used shall be approved (see 30 CFR Part 11) for protection against the specific type of dust encountered. (a) Dust-filter respirators may be used to protect the operator of outside abrasive-blasting operations where nonsilica abrasives are used on materials having low toxicities. (b) Dust-filter respirators shall not be used for continuous protection where silica sand is used as the blasting abrasive, or toxic materials are blasted. (iv) A respiratory protection program as defined and described in § 1910.134 (a) and (b), shall be estab. lished wherever it is necessary to use respiratory protective equipment. (v) Operators shall be equipped with heavy canvas or leather gloves and aprons or equivalent protection to protect them from the impact of abrasives. Safety shoes shall be worn to protect against foot injury where heavy pieces of work are handled. (a) Safety shoes shall conform to the requirements of American National Standard for Men's Safety-Toe Footwear, Z41.1-1967. (b) Equipment for protection of the eyes and face shall be supplied to the operator when the respirator design does not provide such protection and to any other personnel working in the vicinity of abrasive blasting operations. This equipment shall conform to the requirements of § 1910.133. (6) Air supply and air compressors. The air for abrasive-blasting respirators shall be free of harmful quantities of dusts, mists, or noxlous gases, and shall meet the requirements for air purity set forth in ANSI Z9.2-1960. The air from the regular compressed air line of the plant may be used for the abrasive-blasting respirator if (1) a trap and carbon filter are installed and regularly maintained, to remove oil, water, scale, and odor, (ii) a pressure reducing diaphragm or valve is Installed to reduce the pressure down to requirements of the particular type of abrasive-blasting respirator, and (III) an automatic control is provided to either sound an alarm or shut down the compressor in case of overheating. (7) Operational procedures and general safety. Dust shall not be permitted to accumulate on the floor or on ledges outside of an abrasive-blasting enclosure, and dust spills shall be cleaned up promptly. Aisles and walkways shall be kept clear of steel shot or similar abrasive which may create a slipping hazard. (8) Scope. This paragraph (a) applies to all operations where an abrasive is forcibly applied to a surface by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure, or by centrifugal force. It does not apply to steam blasting, or steam cleaning, or hydraulic cleaning methods where work is done without the aid of abrasives. (b) Grinding, polishing, and buffing operations-(1) Definitions applicable to this paragraph-(i) Abrasive cutling-off wheels. Organic-bonded wheels, the thickness of which is not more than one forty-eighth of their diameter for those up to, and including, 20 inches in diameter, and not more than one-sixtieth of their diameter for those larger than 20 inches in diameter, used for a multitude of operations variously known as cutting. cutting off, grooving, slotting. coping, and jointing, and the like. The wheels may be "solld" consisting of organic-bonded abrasive material throughout, "steel centered" consisting of a steel disc with a rim of organic-bonded material moulded around the periphery. or of the "inserted tooth" type consisting of a steel disc with organic-bonded abrasive teeth or inserts mechanically secured around the periphery. (ii) Belts. All power-driven, flexible, coated bands used for grinding, polishing. or buffing purposes. (iii) Branch pipe. The part of an ex. haust system piping that is connected directly to the hood or enclosure. (iv) Cradle. A movable fixture, upon which the part to be ground or polished is placed. (v) Disc wheels. All power-driven rotatable discs faced with abrasive materials, artificial or natural, and used for grinding or polishing on the side of the assembled disc. for separating solid contaminants from the air flowing in the system, and a discharge stack to outside. (vi) Entry loss. The loss In static pressure caused by air flowing into a duct or hood. It is usually expressed In inches of water gauge. (vii) Exhaust system. A system consisting of branch pipes connected to hoods or enclosures, one or more header pipes, an exhaust fan, means (viii) Grinding wheels. All powerdriven rotatable grinding or abrasive wheels, except disc wheels as defined in this standard, consisting of abrasive particles held together by artificial or natural bonds and used for peripheral grinding. (ix) Header pipe (main pipe). A pipe into which one or more branch pipes enter and which connects such branch pipes to the remainder of the exhaust system. (x) Hoods and enclosures. The par. tial or complete enclosure around the wheel or disc through which air enters an exhaust system during operation. (xi) Horizontal double-spindle disc grinder. A grinding machine earrying two power-driven, rotatable, coaxial, horizontal spindles upon the inside ends of which are mounted abrasive disc wheels used for grinding two sur. faces simultaneously. (xii) Horizontal single-spindle disc grinder. A grinding machine carrying an abrasive disc wheel upon one or both ends of a power-driven, rotatable single horizontal spindle. (xiii) Polishing and buffing wheels All power-driven rotatable wheels composed all or in part of textile fabrics, wood, felt, leather. paper. and may be coated with abrasives on the periphery of the wheel for purposes of polishing, buffing. and light grinding. (xiv) Portable grinder. Any powerdriven rotatable grinding. polishing, or buffing wheel mounted in such manner that it may be manually manipulated. (xv) Scratch brush wheels. All powerdriven rotatable wheels made from wire or bristles, and used for scratch cleaning and brushing purposes. (xvi) Swing-frame grinder. Any power-driven rotatable grinding, polishing, or buffing wheel mounted in such a manner that the wheel with its supporting framework can be manipulated over stationary objects. (xvil) Velocity pressure (vp). The kinetic pressure in the direction of flow necessary to cause a fluid at rest to flow at a given velocity. It is usually expressed in inches of water gauge. § 1910.94 (xvili) Vertical spindle disc grinder. A grinding machine having a vertical, rotatable power-driven spindle carrying a horizontal abrasive disc wheel. (2) Application. Wherever dry grinding. dry polishing or buffing is performed, and employee exposure, without regard to the use of respirators, exceeds the permissible exposure limits prescribed in § 1910.1000 or other sections of this part, a local exhaust ventilation system shall be provided and used to maintain employee exposures within the prescribed limits. (3) Hood and branch pipe requirements. (i) Hoods connected to exhaust systems shall be used, and such hoods shall be designed, located, and placed so that the dust or dirt particles shall fall or be projected into the hoods in the direction of the air flow. No wheels, discs, straps, or belts shall be operated in such manner and in such direction as to cause the dust and dirt particles to be thrown into the operator's breathing zone. (ii) Grinding wheels on floor stands, pedestals, benches, and special-purpose grinding machines and abrasive cutting-off wheels shall have not less than the minimum exhaust volumes shown in Table G-4 with a recommended minimum duct velocity of 4,500 feet per minute in the branch and 3,500 feet per minute in the main. The entry losses from all hoods except the vertical-spindle disc grinder hood, shall equal 0.65 velocity pressure for a straight takeoff and 0.45 velocity pressure for a tapered takeoff. The entry loss for the vertical-spindle disc grinder hood Is shown in figure G-1 (follow- Ing § 1910.94(b)). TABLE G-4-GRINDING AND ABRASIVE CUTTING-OFF WHEELS For any wheel wider than wheel diameters shown in Table G-4, Increase the exhaust volume by the ratio of the new width to the width shown. Minimum Wheel exhaust Wheel diameter (inches) width volume (inches) fleat " min.) To 1% 220 Over 9 to 16 2 390 Over 16 10 19 3 500 Over 19 to 24 4 610 Over 24 to 30 5 880 Over 30 to 36 6 1,200 Example: If wheel width=4% inches, then 4.5+4x610=686 (rounded to 690). (iii) Scratch-brush wheels and all buffing and polishing wheels mounted on floor stands, pedestals, benches, or special-purpose machines shall have not less than the minimum exhaust volume shown in Table G-5. TABLE G-5-BUFFING AND POLISHING WHEELS Minimum Wheel exhaust Wheel diameter (inches) width volume (inches) (feel V min.) To 9 2 300 Over 9 to 16 3 500 Over 16 to 19 4 610 Over 19 to 24 5 740 Over 24 10 30 6 1,040 Over 30 to 36 6 1,200 (iv) Grinding wheels or discs for horizontal single-spindle disc grinders shall be hooded to collect the dust or dirt generated by the grinding operation and the hoods shall be connected to branch pipes having exhaust volumes as shown in Table G-6. TABLE G-6-HORIZONTAL SINGLE-SPINDLE Disc GRINDER Exhaust Disc diameter (inches) volume (n. 1/min.) Up to 12 220 Over 12 to 19 390 Over 19 to 30 610 Over 30 to 36 680 Chapter XVII-Occupational Safety and Health Administration (v) Grinding wheels or discs for hortzontal double-spindle disc grinders shall have a hood enclosing the grinding chamber and the hood shall be connected to one or more branch pipes having exhaust volumes as shown in Table G-7. TABLE G-7-HORIZONTAL DOUBLE-SPINDLE DISC GRINDER Exhaust Disc diameter (inches) volume (11. 1/min.) up 10 19 610 Over 19 to 25 880 Over 25 to 30 1,200 Over 30 to 53 1,770 Over 53 to 72 6,280 (vi) Grinding wheels or discs for vertical single-spindle disc grinders shall be encircled with hoods to remove the dust generated in the operation. The hoods shall be connected to one or more branch pipes having exhaust volumes as shown in Table G-8. TABLE G-8-VERTICAL SPINDLE DISC GRINDER One-half or more Disc not covered of disc covered Disc diameter Ex- Ex- (inches) Numhaust Numhaust ber foot " ber foot " min. min Up to 20 1 500 2 780 Over 20 to 30 2 780 2 1,480 Over 30 to 53 2 1,770 4 3,530 Over 53 to 72 2 3,140 5 6,010 Number of exhaust outlets around periphery of hood, OF equal distribution provided by other means (vii) Grinding and polishing belts shall be provided with hoods to remove dust and dirt generated in the operations and the hoods shall be connected to branch pipes having exhaust volumes as shown in Table G-9. TABLE G-9-GRINDING AND POLISHING BELTS Exhaust Belts width (inches) volume (ft. 1/min.) Up to 3 220 Over to 5 300 Over to 7 390 Over to 9 500 Over to 11 610 Over 11 to 13 740 (viii) Cradles and swing-frame grinders. Where cradles are used for handling the parts to be ground, polished, or buffed, requiring large partial enclosures to house the complete operation, a minimum average air velocity of 150 feet per minute shall be maintained over the entire opening of the enclosure. Swing-frame grinders shall also be exhausted in the same manner as provided for cradles. (See fig. G-3) (ix) Where the work is outside the hood, air volumes must be increased as shown in American Standard Fundamentals Governing the Design and Operation of Local Exhaust Systems. Z9.2-1960 (section 4, exhaust hoods). (4) Exhaust systems. (i) Exhaust systems for grinding, polishing. and buffing operations should be designed in accordance with American Standard Fundamentals Governing the Design and Operation of Local Exhaust Sys. tems, Z9.2-1960. (ii) Exhaust systems for grinding. polishing, and buffing operations shall be tested in the manner described in American Standard Fundamentals Governing the Design and Operation of Local Exhaust Systems, Z9.2-1960. (iii) All exhaust systems shall be provided with suitable dust collectors. (5) Hood and enclosure design. (i) (a) It is the dual function of grinding and abrasive cutting-off wheel hoods to protect the operator from the hazards of bursting wheels as well as to provide a means for the removal of dust and dirt generated. All hoods shall be not less in structural strength than specified in the American National Standard Safety Code for the Use, Care, and Protection of Abrasive Wheels. B7.1-1970. (b) Due to the variety of work and types of grinding machines employed, it is necessary to develop hoods adaptable to the particular machine in question, and such hoods shall be located as close as possible to the operation. (ii) Exhaust hoods for floor stands. pedestals, and bench grinders shall be designed in accordance with figure G- 2. The adjustable tongue shown in the figure shall be kept in working order and shall be adjusted within onefourth inch of the wheel periphery at all times. (iii) Swing-frame grinders shall be provided with exhaust booths as Indicated in figure G-3. (iv) Portable grinding operations, whenever the nature of the work permits, shall be conducted within a partial enclosure. The opening in the enclosure shall be no larger than is actu- § 1910.94 ally required in the operation and an average face air velocity of not less than 200 feet per minute shall be maintained. (v) Hoods for polishing and buffing and scratch-brush wheels shall be constructed to conform as closely to figure G-4 as the nature of the work will permit. (vi) Cradle grinding and polishing operations shall be performed within a partial enclosure similar to figure G-5. The operator shall be positioned outside the working face of the opening of the enclosure. The face opening of the enclosure should not be any greater in area than that actually required for the performance of the operation and the average air velocity into the working face of the enclosure shall not be less than 150 feet per minute. (vii) Hoods for horizontal singlespindle disc grinders shall be constructed to conform as closely as possible to the hood shown in figure G-6. It is essential that there be a space between the back of the wheel and the hood, and a space around the periphery of the wheel of at least 1 inch in order to permit the suction to act around the wheel periphery. The opening on the side of the disc shall be no larger than is required for the grinding operation, but must never be less than twice the area of the branch outlet. (viii) Horizontal double-spindle disc grinders shall have a hood encircling the wheels and grinding chamber similar to that illustrated in figure G-7. The openings for passing the work into the grinding chamber should be kept as small as possible. but must never be less than twice the area of the branch outlets. (ix) Vertical-spindle disc grinders shall be encircled with a hood so constructed that the heavy dust is drawn off a surface of the disc and the lighter dust exhausted through a continuous slot at the top of the hood as shown in figure G-1. (x) Grinding and polishing belt hoods shall be constructed as close to the operation as possible. The hood should extend almost to the belt, and 1-inch wide openings should be provided on either side. Figure G-8 shows a typical hood for a belt operation. 30° OF DISC DIRECTION ROTATION ANGLE OF SLOT TO BE IN RELATION TO ROTATION D 1/2" 10P Of GRINDER DISC E E Fig. G-1 Vertical Spindle Disc Grinder Exhaust Hood and Branch Pipe Connections Dia D. inches Exhaust E Volume Exhausted Note No al 4,500 Min. Max Dia 11/min 11 1/ Pipes min 20 1 4% 500 When one-hall or more of the disc can be hooded, use exhaust ducts as shown at the left Over 20 30 2 4 780 Over 30 72 2 6 1,770 Over 53 72 2 8 3,140 20 2 4 780 When no hood can be used over disc, use exhaust ducts as shown at left Over 20 20 2 4 780 Over 30 30 2 5% 1,480 Over 53 53 4 6 3,530 Dia D inches Exhaust E Volume Exhausted Min Max No at 4,500 Note Pipes Dia n/min ny min 72 5 7 6,010 Entry loss 10 siol velocity pressure 05 branch velocity pressure. Minimum slot velocity 2,000 ft/min-3/2-inch stot width THIS SPACE 10 GUARD VERTICAL BE 't ADJUSTABLE SLIDE If ROBBER HEL TING **** STRIPPER COLLAR PIMMED 10 ADJUSTING SCREP CLEARANCE TO FACE - AND BIDES OF WHEEL DOOR CLAMP 1 " DIAME GUARD FOR WHEEL & MINIMUM USEABLE PLANCE AND NOT THE DIAME TEA PLANGE WHE FLANCE CLEARANCE MARIMUM RUCCED TOP NINCE TO MATCH BOTTOM NINCE CENTERLINES WHEEL WIDEH WORK REST PLUS V* MARIMUM ALTERNATE HEAL TRANSITION 10 CLOSE HOOD = ARRANGEMENTS OPENING AS *CRK REST MOVES INWARD E 0008 CLAMP STUD to SUIT ILIDING DIRT DIRT BOX BOX WITH NOT - SAFFLE FRONT THAN & LIP Flg. G-2 Standard Grinder Hood Wheel dimension, inches Exhaust Volume of Diameter air at Width. outlet, 4,500 h/ Min d Max D Max inches E min 9 1 1/2 3 220 Over 9 16 2 4 390 Over 16 19 3 4½ 500 Over 19 24 4 5 510 Over 24 30 5 6 880 Over 30 36 6 7 1,200 Entry loss 0 45 velocity pressure for sapered takeolf 0.65 velocity pressure for straight takeoff - " - - - tax or VEL = 150F TAMIN DID SUSPENSION DIRECTION OF BAFFLE ROTATION E STOCK SWING FRAME CRINDER STOCK REST Flg. 0-3 A Method of Applying an Exhaust Enclosure to Swing-Frame Grinders NOTE: Baffie to reduce froat opening as much 83 possible 159 Title 29-Lobor 11"FOR HARD WHEELS FOR SOFT WHEELS 0.25D ADJUSTABLE TONGUE as HINGED DOOR REIN. in KEEP AS CLOSE TO WHEEL AS POSSIBLE FORCED FOR STIFFNESS DIRECTION OF ROTATION D D 0.75D 4 LATCH :- FOR HARD WHEELS 11" FOR SOFT WHEELS E D PO KNEE CLEARANCE 0.750 TRAP WITH CL EANOUT WHEN DESIRED Fig. G-4 Standard Butting and Polishing Hood Wheel dimension, inches Volume of Exhaust Diameter air at outlet Width. inches E 4,500 n/ Min= d Max D Max min 9 2 3½ 300 Over 9 16 3 4 500 Over 16 19 4 5 610 Over 19 24 5 5½ 740 Over 24 30 6 6½ 1.040 Over 30 36 6 7 1.200 Entry loss = 0.15 velocity pressure for lapered takeoft, 0.65 velocity pressure for straight takeoff TO sure TIPE are OF *0** 700 MINIMUM VELOCITY IN E 3,000 , T/MIN € BENGES i 1541 10 x SWIVEL BAIL TROLLEY DRIVE CRINDING WHITE DIRECTION OF ROTATION o o CRIMDER FRAME SWIVEL CRADLE CLEANOUT DOORS FLOOR **** BD DO . MINIMUM VELOCITY AT ENCLOSURE FACE 15 130 FT/MIN Fig. G-5 Cradle Polishing or Grinding Enclosure Eatry loss - 0.45 velocity pressure for tapered takeoff TABLE H-12-MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE SIZE OF CONTAINERS AND PORTABLE TANKS Flammable liquids Combustible liquids Container type Class IA Class IB Class IC Class II Class 01 Glass or approved plastic pl 91 gal gal gal. Metal (other than DOT drums) , gat 5 gal gal gal gal. Safety cans 2 gat 5 ga! 5 gal 5 gal $ gal Metal drums (DOT spec. 60 gal 60 gal 60 gal 60 gal 60 gal Approved portable tanks 660 gal 660 gat 660 gal 660 gal 660 gal Container exemptions (a) Medicines beverages. foodstuffs, cosmetics. and other common consumer items, when packaged according to commonly accepted practices, shall be exempt from the requirements of $ 1910.106(d)(2) (1) and (ii) 161 Chapler XVII-Occupational Safety and Health Administration W 2 D 2 +1" 0 +1° 2 W DIRECTION OF ROTATION 0 OP ENING TO HINGE SUIT WORK 0/4 D/2 THE MINIMUM AREA OF OPENING SHALL E NOT BE LESS THAN TWICE THE AREA OF THE OUTLET "E" HINCE LOCKING HOOKS Fig. G-6 Horizontal Single-Spindle Disc Grinder Exhaust Hood and Branch Pipe Connections Dia D. Inches Volume Exhaust E exhausted Min Max die inches at 4,500 N/ min 1/min 12 3 220 Over 12 19 4 390 Over 19 30 5 610 Over 30 36 6 880 described HT 91. NOTE: If grinding wheels are used for disc grinding purposes. hoods must conform to structural strength and materials as Entry loss - 0.45 velocity pressure for tapered takeoff. a OF SPINDLE FACE OF GRINDING DISCS W A-A E DIRECTION OF ROTATION WORK CONVEYOR A DIRECTION OF CONVEYOR 0 D+ 2 ANY METHOD OF FEEDING PARTS TO BE GROUND MAY BE USED. E Flg: C-7 Horizontal Double-Spindle Disc Grinder Exhaust Hood and Branch Pipe Connections Disc die inches Exhaust E Volume exhaust at 4,500 n/ Note Min. Max. No Pipes Dia min. n y min 19 1 5 610 Over 19 25 1 6 880 When width "W" permits. exhaust ducts should be as near heaviest grinding as possible Over 25 30 1 7 1,200 Over 30 53 2 6 1,770 Over 53 72 4 8 6,280 Entry loss = 0 45 velocity pressure for a takeoff 163 Studing tangue 1/14" Flange Bels tension Side hinged FIGURE G-8 -A Typical Hood for a Bell Operation FIGURE G-8.-A TYPICAL HOOD FOR A BELT OPERATION Exhaust Bell width W. Inches volume n. 1/min Up to 3 220 3 10 5 300 5 to 7 390 7 9 500 9 10 11. 610 " to 13 740 Minimum duct velocity = 4,500 h/min branch, 3,500 ft/min main Entry loss = 0.45 velocity pressure for tapered takeoff; 065 velocity pressure for straight takeoft. (6) Scope. This paragraph (b), prescribes the use of exhaust hood enclosures and systems in removing dust, dirt, fumes, and gases generated through the grinding, polishing, or buffing of ferrous and nonferrous metals. (c) Spray finishing operations- (1) Definitions applicable to this paragraph-(1) Spray-finishing operations. Spray-finishing operations are employment of methods wherein organic or inorganic materials are utilized in dispersed form for deposit on surfaces to be coated, treated, or cleaned. Such methods of deposit may involve either automatic, manual, or electrostatic deposition but do not include metal spraying or metallizing. dipping, flow coating. roller coating, tumbling. centrifuging, or spray washing and degreasing as conducted in self-contained washing and degreasing machines or systems. (ii) Spray booth. Spray booths are defined and described in § 1910.107(a). (See sections 103, 104, and 105 of the Standard for Spray Finishing Using Flammable and Combustible Materials, NFPA No. 33-1969). (iii) Spray room. A spray room is a room in which spray-finishing operations not conducted in a spray booth are performed separately from other areas. (iv) Minimum maintained velocity. Minimum maintained velocity is the velocity of air movement which must be maintained in order to meet minimum specified requirements for health and safety. (2) Location and application. Spray booths or spray rooms are to be used to enclose or confine all operations. Spray-finishing operations shall be located as provided in sections 201 through 206 of the Standard for Spray Finishing Using Flammable and Combustible Materials, NFPA No. 33-1969. (3) Design and construction of spray booths. (1) Spray booths shall be designed and constructed in accordance with § 1910.107(b) (1)-(4) and (6)-(10) (see sections 301-304 and 306-310 of the Standard for Spray Finishing Using Flammable and Combustible Materials, NFPA No. 33-1969). for general construction specifications. For a more detailed discussion of fundamentals relating to this subject, see ANSI Z9.2-1960 Chapter XVII-Occupational Safety and Health Administration (a) Lights, motors, electrical equipment, and other sources of ignition shall conform to the requirements of § 1910.107 (b)(10) and (c). (See section 310 and chapter 4 of the Standard for Spray Finishing Using Flammable and Combustible Materials NFPA No. 33- 1969.) (b) In no case shall combustible materia) be used in the construction of a spray booth and supply or exhaust duct connected to it. (ii) Unobstructed walkways shall not be less than 6½ feet high and shall be maintained clear of obstruction from any work location in the booth to a booth exit or open booth front. In booths where the open front is the only exit, such exits shall be not less than 3 feet wide. In booths having multiple exits, such exits shall not be less than 2 feet wide, provided that the maximum distance from the work location to the exit is 25 feet or less. Where booth exits are provided with doors, such doors shall open outward from the booth. (iii) Baffles, distribution plates, and dry-type overspray collectors shall conform to the requirements of § 1910.107(b) (4) and (5). (See sections 304 and 305 of the Standard for Spray Finishing Using Flammable and Combustible Materials, NFPA No. 33- 1969.) (a) Overspray filters shall be installed and maintained in accordance with the requirements of § 1910.107 (b)(5), (see section 305 of the Standard for Spray Finishing Using Flammable and Combustible Materials, NFPA No. 33-1969). and shall only be in a location easily accessible for inspection, cleaning, or replacement. (b) Where effective means, independent of the overspray filters, are installed which will result in design air distribution across the booth cross section, it is permissible to operate the booth without the filters in place. (iv) (a) For wet or water-wash spray booths, the water-chamber enclosure, within which intimate contact of contaminated air and cleaning water or other cleaning medium is maintained, If made of steel, shall be 18 gage or heavier and adequately protected against corrosion. (b) Chambers may include scrubber spray nozzles, headers, troughs. or other devices. Chambers shall be provided with adequate means for creating and maintaining scrubbing action for removal of particulate matter from the exhaust air stream. (v) Collecting tanks shall be of welded steel construction or other suitable non-combustible material. If pits are used as collecting tanks, they shall be concrete, masonry, or other material having similar properties. (a) Tanks shall be provided with weirs, skimmer plates, or screens to prevent sludge and floating paint from entering the pump suction box. Means for automatically maintaining the proper water level shall also be provided. Fresh water inlets shall not be submerged. They shall terminate at least one pipe diameter above the safety overflow level of the tank. (b) Tanks shall be SO constructed as to discourage accumulation of hazardous deposits. (vi) Pump manifolds, risers, and headers shall be adequately sized to Insure sufficient water flow to provide efficient operation of the water chamber. (4) Design and construction of spray rooms. (i) Spray rooms, including floors, shall be constructed of masonry, concrete, or other noncombustible material. (ii) Spray rooms shall have noncombustible fire doors and shutters. (iii) Spray rooms shall be adequately ventilated so that the atmosphere in the breathing zone of the operator shall be maintained in accordance with the requirements of subparagraph (6)(ii) of this paragraph. (iv) Spray rooms used for production spray-finishing operations shall conform to the requirements for spray booths. (5) Ventilation. (i) Ventilation shall be provided in accordance with provisions of § 1910.107(d) (see chapter 5 of the Standard for Spray Finishing Using Flammable or Combustible Materials, NFPA No. 33-1969), and in accordance with the following: (a) Where a fan plenum is used to equalize or control the distribution of exhaust air movement through the booth, it shall be of sufficient strength or rigidity to withstand the differential air pressure or other superficially imposed loads for which the equipment is designed and also to facilitate cleaning. Construction specifications shall be at least equivalent to those of subdivision (iii) of this subparagraph. (ii) Inlet or supply ductwork used to transport makeup air to spray booths or surrounding areas shall be constructed of noncombustible materials. (a) If negative pressure exists within inlet ductwork. all seams and joints shall be sealed if there is a possibility of infiltration of harmful quantities of noxious gases. fumes, or mists from areas through which ductwork passes. (b) Inlet ductwork shall be sized in accordance with volume flow requirements and provide design air requirements at the spray booth. (c) Inlet ductwork shall be adequately supported throughout its length to sustain at least its own weight plus any negative pressure which is exerted upon it under normal operating conditions. (iii) (Reserved) (a) Exhaust ductwork shall be adequately supported throughout its length to sustain its weight plus any normal accumulation in interjor during normal operating conditions and any negative pressure exerted upon it. (b) Exhaust ductwork shall be sized in accordance with good design practice which shall include consideration of fan capacity, length of duct, number of turns and elbows, variation in size, volume, and character of materials being exhausted. See American National Standard Z9.2-1960 for further details and explanation concerning elements of design. (c) Longitudinal joints in sheet steel ductwork shall be either lock-seamed, riveted, or welded. For other than steel construction, equivalent securing of joints shall be provided. (d) Circumferential joints In ductwork shall be substantially fastened together and lapped in the direction of airflow. At least every fourth joint shall be provided with connecting flanges, bolted together, or of equivalent fastening security. (e) Inspection or clean-out doors shall be provided for every 9 to 12 feet of running length for ducts up to 12 inches in diameter, but the distance between cleanout doors may be greater for larger pipes. (See 8.3.21 of American National Standard Z9.1- 1951.) A clean-out door or doors shall be provided for servicing the fan. and where necessary. a drain shall be provided. (f) Where ductwork passes through a combustible roof or wall, the roof or wall shall be protected at the point of penetration by open space or fire-resistive material between the duct and the roof or wall. When ducts pass through firewalls, they shall be provided with automatic fire dampers on both sides of the wall, except that three-eighthinch steel plates may be used in lieu of automatic fire dampers for ducts not exceeding 18 inches in diameter. (g) Ductwork used for ventilating any process covered in this standard shall not be connected to ducts ventilating any other process or any chimney or flue used for conveying any products of combustion. (6) Velocity and air flow requirements. (i) Except where a spray booth has an adequate air replacement system, the velocity of air into all openings of a spray booth shall be not less than that specified in Table G-10 for the operating conditions specified. An adequate air replacement system is one which introduces replacement air upstream or above the object being sprayed and is so designed that the velocity of air in the booth cross section is not less than that specified in Table G-10 when measured upstream or above the object being sprayed. TABLE G-10-MINIMUM MAINTAINED VELOCITIES INTO SPRAY BOOTHS Arflow velocities. t.p.m. Operating conditions for objects completely inside booth Crossdrah, I.p.m. Design Range Electrostatic and automatic airless operation contained in Negligible 50 large booth 50-75 booth without operator. Chapter XVII-Occupational Safety and Health Administration TABLE G-10-MINIMUM MAINTAINED VELOCITIES INTO SPRAY BOOTHS-Continued Authow velocities, 1pm Operating conditions for objects completely inside booth Crossdraft, Lp Design Range 100 small booth 75-125 Air-operated guns, manual or automatic Up to 50 100 large booth 75-125 150 small booth 125-175 Air-operated guns, manual or automatic Up to 100 150 large booth 125-175 200 small booth 150-250 NOTES (1) Attention IS invited to the fact that the effectiveness of the spray booth 15 dependent upon the relationship of the depth of the booth to its height and width (2) Crossdrafts can be eliminated through proper design and such design should be sought. Crossdrafts in excess of 1001pm (leet per minute) should not be permitted (3) Excessive Bir pressures result in loss of both efficiency and material waste in addition to creating a backiash that may carry overspray and lumes into adjacent work areas (4) Booths should be designed with velocities shown in the column headed "Design." However, booths operating with velocities shown in the column headed "Range" are in compliance with this standard (ii) In addition to the requirements in subdivision (i) of this subparagraph the total air volume exhausted through a spray booth shall be such as to dilute solvent vapor to at least 25 percent of the lower explosive limit of the solvent being sprayed. An example of the method of calculating this volume is given below. Example: To determine the lower explosive limits of the most common solvents used in spray finishing. see Table G-11. Column 1 gives the number of cubic feel of vapor per gallon of solvent and column 2 gives the lower explosive limit (LEL) in percentage by volume of air. Note that the quantity of solvent will be diminished by the quantity of solids and nonflammables contained in the finish. To determine the volume of air in cubic feet necessary to dilute the vapor from 1 gallon of solvent to 25 percent of the lower explosive limit, apply the following formula: Dilution volume required per gallon of solvent=4 (100-LEL) (cubic feet of vapor per gallon)- LEL Using toluene as the solvent. (1) LEL of toluene from Table G-11, column 2, is 1.4 percent. (2) Cubic feet of vapor per gallon from Table G-11, column 1. Is 30.4 cuble feet per gallon. (3) Dilution volume required= 4 (100-1.4) 30.4 ÷ 1.4=8,564 cubic feet. (4) To convert to cubic feet per minute of required ventilation. multiply the dilution volume required per gallon of solvent by the number of gallons of solvent evaporated per minute. TABLE G-11-LOWER EXPLOSIVE LIMIT OF SOME COMMONLY USED SOLVENTS Lower Cubic feet explosive per gallon know in Solvent of vapor of percent by liquid at volume of 70' F. air at 70' F Column 1 Column 2 Acetons 44.0 26 Amyl Acetate (iso) 21.6 '1.0 Amyl Alcohol (n) 296 1.2 Amyl Alcohol (iso) 296 1.2 Benzene 36 6 11.4 Butyl Acelate (n) 248 17 Bulyl Alcohol (n) 35.2 1.4 Butyl Cellosolve 24.8 1.1 Cellosoive 336 1.8 Cellosolve Acetate 23.2 1.7 Cyclohexanone 312 1.1 1,1 Dichloroethylene 42.4 59 1,2 Dichloroethylene 42.4 97 Ethyl Acetate 32 8 2.5 Ethyl Alcohol 55.2 43 Ethy: Lactate 280 11.5 Melhyl Acetate 400 3.1 Methyl Alcohol 80.8 7.3 Methyl Cellosolve 40.8 2.5 Methyl Ethyl Ketone 360 1.0 Methy) n-Propyl Kelone 30 4 1.5 Naphina (VM&P) (76* Naphtha). 22.4 0.9 Naphtha (100' Fiash) Salety Solvent-Stoddard Solvent 23.2 1.0 Propyl Acetate (n) 27.2 28 Propyl Acelate (iso) 26.0 1.1 Propyl Alcohol (n) 448 2.1 Propyl Alcohol (iso) 440 2.0 Toluene 30 4 1.4 Turpentine 20.8 0.8 Xylene (o) 26.4 1.0 'A1 212' F. (iii) (a) When an operator must position himself in a booth downstream of the object being sprayed, an air supplied respirator or other type of respi- 13-091 0-13-13 rator approved by the Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the Interior or specified in ANSI Z88.2-1969 for the material being sprayed should be used by the operator. (b) Where downdraft booths are provided with doors, such doors shall be closed when spray painting. (7) Make-up air. (i) Clean fresh air, free of contamination from adjacent industrial exhaust systems, chimneys, stacks, or vents. shall be supplied to a spray booth or room in quantities equal to the volume of air exhausted through the spray booth. (ii) Where a spray booth or room receives make-up air through self-closing doors, dampers, or louvers, they shall be fully open at all times when the booth or room is in use for spraying. The velocity of air through such doors, dampers, or louvers shall not exceed 200 feet per minute. If the fan characteristics are such that the required air flow through the booth will be provided, higher velocities through the doors, dampers, or louvers may be used. (iii) (a) Where the air supply to a spray booth or room is filtered, the fan static pressure shall be calculated on the assumption that the filters are dirty to the extent that they require cleaning or replacement. (b) The rating of filters shall be governed by test data supplied by the manufacturer of the filter. A pressure gage shall be installed to show the pressure drop across the filters. This gage shall be marked to show the pressure drop at which the filters require cleaning or replacement. Filters shall be replaced or cleaned whenever the pressure drop across them becomes excessive or whenever the air flow through the face of the booth falls below that specified in Table G-10. (iv) (a) Means for heating make-up air to any spray booth or room, before or at the time spraying is normally performed, shall be provided in all places where the outdoor temperature may be expected to remain below 55* F. for appreciable periods of time during the operation of the booth except where adequate and safe means of radiant heating for all operating personnel affected is provided. The replacement air during the heating seasons shall be maintained at not less than 65' F. at the point of entry into the spray booth or spray room. When otherwise unheated make-up air would be at a temperature of more than 10' F. below room temperature. its tem. perature shall be regulated as provided in section 3.6.3 of ANSI Z9.2- 1960. (b) As an alternative to an air replacement system complying with the preceding section, general heating of the building in which the spray room or booth is located may be employed provided that all occupied parts of the building are maintained at not less than 65* F. when the exhaust system is in operation or the general heating system supplemented by other sources of heat may be employed to meet this requirement. (c) No means of heating make-up air shall be located in a spray booth. (d) Where make-up air is heated by coal or oil, the products of combustion shall not be allowed to mix with the make-up air, and the products of combustion shall be conducted outside the building through a flue terminating at a point remote from all points where make-up air enters the building. (e) Where make-up air is heated by gas, and the products of combustion are not mixed with the make-up air but are conducted through an independent flue to a point outside the building remote from all points where make-up air enters the building, it is not necessary to comply with paragraph S of this subdivision. S Where make-up air to any manually operated spray booth or room is heated by gas and the products of combustion are allowed to mix with the supply air, the following precautions must be taken: (1) The gas must have a distinctive and strong enough odor to warn workmen in a spray booth or room of its presence if in an unburned state in the make-up air. (2) The maximum rate of gas supply to the make-up air heater burners must not exceed that which would yield in excess of 200 p.p.m. (parts per million) of carbon monoxide or 2,000 p.p.m. of total combustible gases in the mixture if the unburned gas upon the occurrence of flame failure were mixed with all of the make-up air supplied. (3) A fan must be provided to deliver the mixture of heated air and products of combustion from the plenum chamber housing the gas burners to the spray booth or room. (8) Scope. Spray booths or spray rooms are to be used to enclose or confine all spray finishing operations covered by this paragraph (c). This paragraph does not apply to the spraying of the exteriors of buildings, fixed tanks, or similar structures, nor to small portable spraying apparatus not used repeatedly in the same location. (d) Open surface tanks-(1) General. (i) This paragraph applies to all operations involving the immersion of materials in liquids, or in the vapors of such liquids, for the purpose of cleaning or altering the surface or adding to or imparting a finish thereto or changing the character of the materials, and their subsequent removal from the liquid or vapor, draining, and drying. These operations include washing, electroplating, anodizing, pickling. quenching, dying. dipping, tanning, dressing, bleaching, degreasing, alkaline cleaning, stripping. rinsing, digesting. and other similar operations. (ii) Except where specific construction specifications are prescribed in this section, hoods, ducts, elbows, fans. blowers, and all other exhaust system parts, components, and supports thereof shall be so constructed as to meet conditions of service and to facilitate maintenance and shall conform in construction to the specifications contained in American National Standard Fundamentals Governing the Design and Operation of Local Exhaust Systems, Z9.2-1960. (2) Classification of open-surface tank operations. (i) Open-surface tank operations shall be classified into 16 classes, numbered A-1 to D-4, inclusive. (ii) Determination of class. Class Is determined by two factors, hazard potential designated by a letter from A to D. inclusive, and rate of gas. vapor, or mist evolution designated by a number from 1 to 4, inclusive (for example, B.3). (iii) Hazard potential is an index, on a scale of from A to D, inclusive, of the severity of the hazard associated with the substance contained in the tank because of the toxic, flammable, or explosive nature of the vapor, gas, or mist produced therefrom. The toxic hazard is determined from the concentration, measured in parts by volume of a gas or vapor, per million parts by volume of contaminated air (p.p.m.), or in milligrams of mist per cubic meter of air (mg./m.3), below which ill effects are unlikely to occur to the exposed worker. The concentrations shall be those in $ 1910.1000. (iv) The relative fire or explosion hazard Is measured in degrees Fahrenhelt in terms of the closed-cup flash point of the substance in the tank. Detailed information on the prevention of fire hazards in dip tanks may be found in Dip Tanks Containing Flammable or Combustible Liquids, NFPA No. 34-1966, National Fire Protection Association. Where the tank contains a mixture of liquids, other than organic solvents, whose effects are additive, the hygienic standard of the most toxic component (for example, the one having the lowest p.p.m. or mg./m.³) shall be used, except where such substance constitutes an insignificantly small fraction of the mixture. For mixtures of organic solvents, their combined effect. rather than that of either individually, shall determine the hazard potential. In the absence of information to the contrary. the effects shall be considered as additive. If the sum of the ratios of the airborne concentration of each contaminant to the toxic concentration of that contaminant exceeds unity, the toxic concentration shall be considered to have been exceeded. (See Note A to subdivision (v) of this subparagraph.) (v) Hazard potential shall be determined from Table G-12, with the value indicating greater hazard being used. When the hazardous material may be either a vapor with a threshhold limit value (TLV) in p.p.m. or a mist with a TLV in mg./m.,, the TLV indicating the greater hazard shall be used (for example, A takes precedence over B or C; B over C: C over D). NOTE A: 168 Title 29-Labor TLV 1 where: -Concentration measured at the operation in p.p.m. TABLE G-12-DETERMINATION OF HAZARD POTENTIAL Toxicity group Hazard potential Gas or Flash Mist vapor point (in (p.p.m.) (mg degrees F) A 0-10 0-0.1 B 11-100 0.11-1.0 Under 100 C 101-500 1.1-10 100-200 D Over 500 Over 10 Over 200 (vi) Rate of gas, vapor, or mist evolution is a numerical index, on a scale of from 1 to 4, inclusive, both of the relative capacity of the tank to produce gas, vapor, or mist and of the relative energy with which it is projected or carried upwards from the tank. Rate is evaluated in terms of (a) The temperature of the liquid in the tank in degrees Fahrenheit; (b) The number of degrees Fahrenhelt that this temperature is below the boiling point of the liquid in degrees Fahrenheit; (c) The relative evaporation of the liquid in still air at room temperature In an arbitrary scale-fast, medium, slow, or nil; and (d) The extent that the tank gases or produces mist in an arbitrary scale-high, medium, low, and nil. (See Table G-13, Note 2.) Gassing depends upon electrochemical or mechanical processes, the effects of which have to be individually evaluated for each Installation usee Table G-13, Note 3). (vii) Rate of evolution shall be determined from Table G-13. When evaporation and gassing yield different rates, the lowest numerical value shall be used. TABLE G-13-DETERMINATION OF RATE OF GAS, VAPOR, OR MIST EVOLUTION Liquid Degrees Rate tempera below Relative boiling evapora Gassing two," F. point tion 1 Over 200 0-20 Fast High 2 150-200 21-50 Medium Medium. 3 94-149 51-100 Slow Low. 4 Under 94 Over 100 Nil Nil. in certain classes of equipment specifically vapor degreasers, an internal condenser or vapor level thermostal is used to prevent the vapor from leaving the tank dunng normal operation In such cases, rate of vapor evolution from the tank into the workroom is not dependent upon the factors listed in the table, but rather upon abnormations of operating procedure, such as carryout of vapors from excessively last action, dragout of liquid by entrainment in parts, contamination of solvent by water and other materials, or improper heat balance When operating procedure is excel. leni, effective rate of evolution may be taken as 4. When operating procedure IS average, the effective rate of evolu. lon may be taken as 3 When operation is poor, B rate of 2 or 1 IS indicated. depending upon observed conditions. Relative evaporation rate IS determined according to the methods described by A. K. Doolitile in Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, vol 27, P 1169. (3) where time for 100- percent evaporation is as follows. Fast. 0-3 hours; Medium: 3-12 hours, Slow 12-50 hours; Nd: more than 50 hours. Gassing means the formation by chemical or electrochemical action of minute bubbles of gas under the surface solutions. of the figuid in the tank and is generally limited to aqueous (3) Ventilation. Where ventilation is used to control potential exposures to workers as defined in subparagraph (2)(iii) of this paragraph, it shall be adequate to reduce the concentration of the air contaminant to the degree that a hazard to the worker does not exist. Methods of ventilation are discussed in American National Standard Fundamentals Governing the Design and Operation of Local Exhaust Systems, Z9.2-1960. (4) Control requirements. (j) Control velocities shall conform to Table G-14 in all cases where the flow of air past the breathing or working zone of the operator and into the hoods is undisturbed by local environmental conditions, such as open windows, wall fans, unit heaters, or moving machinery. (11) All tanks exhausted by means of hoods which (a) Project over the entire tank; (b) Are fixed in position in such a location that the head of the workman, In all his normal operating positions while working at the tank, is in front of all hood openings; and (c) Are completely enclosed on at least two sides, shall be considered to Chapter XVII-Occupational Safety and Health Administration § 1910.94 be exhausted through an enclosing hood. (d) The quantity of air in cuble feet per minute necessary to be exhausted through an enclosing hood shall be not less than the product of the control velocity times the net area of all openings in the enclosure through which air can flow into the hood. TABLE G-14-CONTROL VELOCITIES IN FEET PER MINUTE (F.P.M.) FOR UNDISTURBED LOCATIONS Enclosing hood Canopy hood Lateral Class One open Two open exhaust Three Four open side sides open sides sides 0-1 and A-2 100 150 150 Do not use Do not use A-3' B-1. B-2, and C-1 75 100 100 125 175 A-3. C-2, and D-1 65 90 75 100 150 B-42 C-3, and D-2' 50 75 50 75 125 A-4, C-4, D-3ª, and D-4' See Table G-15 for computation of ventilation rate Do not use canopy hood for Hazard Potential A processes Where complete control of not water IS desired, design as next highest class. General room ventilation required. (iii) All tanks exhausted by means of hoods which do not project over the entire tank, and in which the direction of air movement into the hood or hoods Is substantially horizontal, shall be considered to be laterally exhausted. The quantity of air in cubic feet per minute necessary to be laterally exhausted per square foot of tank area in order to maintain the required control velocity shall be determined from Table G-15 for all variations in ratio of tank width (W) to tank length (L). The total quantity of air in cubic feet per minute required to be exhausted per tank shall be not less than the product of the area of tank surface times the cubic feet per minute per square foot of tank area, determined from Table G-15. (a) For lateral exhaust hoods over 42 inches wide, or where it is desirable to reduce the amount of air removed from the workroom, air supply slots or orifices shall be provided along the side or the center of the tank opposite from the exhaust slots. The design of such systems shall meet the following criteria: (1) The supply air volume plus the entrained air shall not exceed 50 percent of the exhaust volume. (2) The velocity of the supply airstream as it reaches the effective control area of the exhaust slot shall be less than the effective velocity over the exhaust slot area. TABLE G-15-MINIMUM VENTILATION RATE IN Cusic FEET OF AIR PER MINUTE PER SQUARE FOOT OF TANK AREA FOR LATERAL EXHAUST C.I.m. per sq. ft. to maintain required minimum velocities al Required minimum control velocity, I.p.m. (Nom Table G- following ratios (tank width (W)/tank length (i)) '. 14) 0.0-0.09 0.1-0.24 0.25-0.49 0.5-0.99 1.0-2.0 Hood slong one side or two parallel sides of tank when one hood is against a wall or baltie." Also for a manitold along tank centerine 50 50 60 75 90 100 75 75 90 110 130 150 100 100 125 150 175 200 150 150 190 225 260 300 Hood along one side or two parallel sides of Iree standing tank not against was or battle 50 75 90 100 110 125 75 110 130 150 170 190 170 1910.94 Title 29-Labor TABLE G-15-MINIMUM VENTILATION RATE IN CUBIC FEET OF AIR PER MINUTE PER SQUARE Foor OF TANK AREA FOR LATERAL EXHAUST-Continued § 1910.94 C.f.m. per sq n to maintain required minimum velocities at Required minimum control velocity. Ip m. (from Table G- following ratios (tank width (W)/lank length (L)).', 14) 0.0-0 09 0.1-0 24 0.25-0.49 0 5-0.99 1.0-2.0 100 150 175 200 225 150 250 225 260 300 340 375 " 16 not practicable to ventilate across the long dimension of a tank whose (atio W/L exceeds 20. use WIL 1.0; for over one-half the circumference use W/L 05. 0 IS undesirable 10 do so when WIL exceeds 1.0 For circular tanks with lateral exhaust along up to 1/2 the circumference, Battle IS a vertical plate the same length as the lank. and with the lop of the plate as high as the tank IS wide If he exhaust hood IS on the side of a tank against a building wall or close 10 it, rt 15 perfectly baffled lank Use W/2 as tank width in computing when manifold is along centerline, or when hoods are used on two parallel sides of a Tank Width (W) means the effective width over which the hood must pull all to operate (for example, where the hood face 15 set back from the edge of the lank, this sel back must be added in measuring tank width) The surface area of tanks can upper edges of the stois toward the center of the lank. frequently be reduced and better control obtained (particularly on conveyorized systems) by using covers extending from the (3) The vertical height of the receiving exhaust hood, including any baffle. shall not be less than one-quarter the width of the tank. (4) The supply airstream shall not be allowed to impinge on obstructions between It and the exhaust slot in such a manner as to significantly interfere with the performance of the exhaust hood. (5) Since most failure of push-pull systems result from excessive supply air volumes and pressures, methods of measuring and adjusting the supply air shall be provided. When satisfactory control has been achieved, the adjustable features of the hood shall be fixed SO that they will not be altered. cal means are used to disperse a liquid above an open-surface tank, control must be provided for the airborne spray. Such operations shall be enclosed as completely as possible. The inward air velocity into the enclosure shall be sufficient to prevent the discharge of spray into the workroom. Mechanical baffles may be used to help prevent the discharge of spray. Spray painting operations are covered by paragraph (c) of this section. (iv) All tanks exhausted by means of hoods which project over the entire tank, and which do not conform to the definition of enclosing hoods, shall be considered to be overhead canopy hoods. The quantity of air in cubic feet per minute necessary to be ex. hausted through a canopy hood shall be not less than the product of the control velocity times the net area of all openings between the bottom edges of the hood and the top edges of the tank. (v) The rate of vapor evolution (including steam or products of combustion) from the process shall be estimated. If the rate of vapor evolution is equal to or greater than 10 percent of the calculated exhaust volume required, the exhaust volume shall be increased in equal amount. (6) Control means other than venti. lation. Tank covers, foams, beads, chips, or other materials floating on the tank surface so as to confine gases, mists, or vapors to the area under the cover or to the foam, bead, or chip layer; or surface tension depressive agents added to the liquid in the tank to minimize mist formation, or any combination thereof, may all be used as gas, mist, or vapor control means for open-surface tank operations, provided that they effectively reduce the concentrations of hazardous materials in the vicinity of the worker below the limits set in accordance with subparagraph (2) of this paragraph. (5) Spray cleaning and degreasing Wherever spraying or other mechani- (7) System design. (i) The equipment for exhausting air shall have sufficient capacity to produce the flow of air required in each of the hoods and openings of the system. (ii) The capacity required in subdivision (i) of this subparagraph shall be obtained when the airflow producing equipment is operating against the following pressure losses, the sum of which is the static pressure: Chapter XVII-Occupational Safety and Health Administration (a) Entrance losses into the hood. (b) Resistance to airflow in branch pipe including bends and transformations. (c) Entrance loss into the main pipe. (d) Resistance to airflow in main pipe including bends and transformations. (e) Resistance of mechanical equipment; that is, filters, washers, condensers, absorbers, etc., plus their entrance and exit losses. (f) Resistance in outlet duct and discharge stack. (iii) Two or more operations shall not be connected to the same exhaust system where either one or the combination of the substances removed may constitute a fire, explosion, or chemical reaction hazard in the duct system. Traps or other devices shall be provided to insure that condensate in ducts does not drain back into any tank. (iv) The exhaust system, consisting of hoods, ducts, air mover, and discharge outlet. shall be designed in accordance with American National Standard Fundamentals Governing the Design and Operation of Local Exhaust Systems, Z9.2-1960, or the manual, Industrial Ventilation, published by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists 1970. Airflow and pressure loss data provided by the manufacturer of any air cleaning device shall be included in the design calculations. (8) Operation. (i) The required air. flow shall be maintained at all times during which gas, mist, or vapor is emitted from the tank, and at all times the tank, the draining, or the drying area is in operation or use. When the system Is first installed, the airflow from each hood shall be measured by means of a pitot traverse in the exhaust duct and corrective action taken if the flow is less than that required. When the proper flow is obtained, the hood static pressure shall be measured and recorded. At intervals of not more than 3 months operation, or after a prolonged shutdown period, the hoods and duct system shall be inspected for evidence of cor. rosion or damage. In any case where the airflow is found to be less than required, it shall be increased to the required value. (Information on airflow and static pressure measurement and calculations may be found in American National Standard Fundamental Governing the Design and Operation of Local Exhaust Systems, Z9.2-1960, or in the manual, Industrial Ventilation, published by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists.) (ii) The exhaust system shall discharge to the outer air in such a manner that the possibility of its ef. fluent entering any building is at a minimum. Recirculation shall only be through a device for contaminant removal which will prevent the creation of a health hazard in the room or area to which the air is recirculated. (iii) A volume of outside air in the range of 90 percent to 110 percent of the exhaust volume shall be provided to each room having exhaust hoods. The outside air supply shall enter the workroom in such a manner as not to be detrimental to any exhaust hood. The airflow of the makeup air system shall be measured on installation. Periodically, thereafter, the airflow should be remeasured, and corrective action shall be taken when the airflow is below that required. The makeup air shall be uncontaminated. (9) Personal protection. (i) All employees working in and around opensurface tank operations must be instructed as to the hazards of their respective jobs, and in the personal protection and first aid procedures applicable to these hazards. (il) All persons required to work in such a manner that their feet may become wet shall be provided with rubber or other impervious boots or shoes, rubbers, or wooden-soled shoes sufficient to keep feet dry. (lii) All persons required to handle work wet with a liquid other than water shall be provided with gloves Impervious to such a liquid and of a length sufficient to prevent entrance of liquid into the tops of the gloves. The interior of gloves shall be kept free from corrosive or irritating contaminants. (iv) All persons required to work in such a manner that their clothing may become wet shall be provided with such aprons, coats, jackets, sleeves, or $ 1910.94 Title 29-Labor other garments made of rubber, or of other materials impervious to liquids other than water. as are required to keep their clothing dry. Aprons shall extend well below the top of boots to prevent liquid splashing into the boots. Provision of dry, clean, cotton clothing along with rubber shoes or short boots and an apron impervious 10 liquids other than water shall be considered a satisfactory substitute where small parts are cleaned, plated, or acid dipped in open tanks and rapid work is required. (v) Whenever there is a danger of splashing. for example, when additions are made manually to the tanks, or when acids and chemicals are removed from the tanks, the employees SO engaged shall be required to wear either tight-fitting chemical goggles or an effective face shield. See § 1910.133. (vi) When, during emergencies as described in paragraph (d)(11)(v) of this section, workers must be in areas where concentrations of air contaminants are greater than the limit set by paragraph (d)(2)(iii) of this section, or oxygen concentrations are less than 19.5 percent, they shall be required to wear respirators adequate to reduce their exposure to a level below these limits, or to provide adequate oxygen. Such respirators shall also be provided in marked, quickly accessible storage compartments built for the purpose, when there exists the possibility of accidental release of hazardous concentrations of air contaminants. Respirators shall be approved by the U.S. Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the Interior and shall be selected by a competent Industrial hygienist or other technically qualified source. Respirators shall be used in accordance with $ 1910.134, and persons who may require them shall be trained in their use. (vii) Near each tank containing a liquid which may burn, irritate, or otherwise be harmful to the skin if splashed upon the worker's body, there shall be a supply of clean cold water. The water pipe (carrying a pressure not exceeding 25 pounds) shall be provided with a quick opening valve and at least 48 inches of hose not smaller than three-fourths inch. so that no time may be lost in washing off liquids from the skin or clothing. Alternatively, deluge showers and eye flushes shall be provided in cases where harmful chemicals may be splashed on parts of the body. (viii) Operators with sores, burns, or other skin lesions requiring medical treatment shall not be allowed to work at their regular operations until so authorized by a physician. Any small skin abrasions, cuts, rash, or open sores which are found or reported shall be treated by a properly designated person so that chances of exposures to the chemicals are removed. Workers exposed to chromic acids shall have a periodic examination made of the nostrils and other parts of the body, to detect incipient ulceration. (ix) Sufficient washing facilities, in. cluding soap, individual towels, and hot water. shall be provided for all persons required to use or handle any liquids which may burn, irritate, or otherwise be harmful to the skin, on the basis of at least one basin (or its equivalent) with a hot water faucet for every 10 employees. See § 1910.141(d). (x) Locker space or equivalent cloth. ing storage facilities shall be provided to prevent contamination of street clothing. (xi) First aid facilities specific to the hazards of the operations conducted shall be readily available. (10) Special precautions for cyanide. Dikes or other arrangements shall be provided to prevent the possibility of intermixing of cyanide and acid in the event of tank rupture. (11) Inspection, maintenance, and installation. (i) Floors and platforms around tanks shall be prevented from becoming slippery both by original type of construction and by frequent flushing. They shall be firm. sound, and of the design and construction to minimize the possibility of tripping. Chapter XVII-Occupational Safety and Health Administration (ii) Before cleaning the interior of any tank, the contents shall be drained off, and the cleanout doors shall be opened where provided. All pockets In tanks or pits, where it is possible for hazardous vapors to collect, shall be ventilated and cleared of such vapors. (iii) Tanks which have been drained to permit employees to enter for the purposes of cleaning. inspection, or maintenance may contain atmospheres which are hazardous to life or health, through the presence of flammable or toxic air contaminants, or through the absence of sufficient oxygen. Before employees shall be permitted to enter any such tank. appropriate tests of the atmosphere shall be made to determine if the limits set by paragraph (d)(2)(iii) of this section are exceeded, or if the oxygen concentration is less than 19.5 percent. (iv) If the tests made in accordance with paragraph(d)(11)(ii) of this section indicate that the atmosphere in the tank is unsafe, before any employee is permitted to enter the tank, the tank shall be ventilated until the hazardous atmosphere is removed, and ventilation shall be continued so as to prevent the occurrence of a hazardous atmosphere as long as an employee is in the tank. (v) If, in emergencies, such as rescue work, It is necessary to enter a tank which may contain a hazardous atmosphere, suitable respirators. such as self-contained breathing apparatus; hose mask with blower. if there is a possibility of oxygen deficiency: or a gas mask, selected and operated in accordance with paragraph (d)(9)(vi) of this section, shall be used. If a contaminant in the tank can cause dermatitis, or be absorbed through the skin. the employee entering the tank shall also wear protective clothing. At least one trained standby employee, with suitable respirator, shall be present in the nearest uncontaminated area. The standby employee must be able to communicate with the employee in the tank and be able to haul him out of the tank with a lifeline If necessary. (vi) Maintenance work requiring welding or open flame, where toxic metal fumes such as cadmium, chromium, or lead may be evolved, shall be done only with sufficient local exhaust ventilation to prevent the creation of a health hazard, or be done with respirators selected and used in accordance with paragraph (d)(9)(vi) of this section. Welding, or the use of open flames near any solvent cleaning equipment shall be permitted only after such equipment has first been thoroughly cleared of solvents and vapors. (12) Vapor degreasing tanks. (1) In any vapor degreasing tank equipped with a condenser or vapor level thermostat, the condenser or thermostat shall keep the level of vapors below the top edge of the tank by a distance at least equal to one-half the tank width, or at least 36 inches, whichever is shorter. (ii) Where gas is used as a fuel for heating vapor degreasing tanks, the combustion chamber shall be of tight construction, except for such openings as the exhaust flue, and those that are necessary for supplying air for combustion. Flues shall be of corrosion-resistant construction and shall extend to the outer air. If mechanical exhaust is used on this flue, a draft diverter shall be used. Special precautions must be taken to prevent solvent fumes from entering the combustion air of this or any other heater when chlorinated or fluorinated hydrocarbon solvents (for example, trichloroethylene, Freon) are used. (iii) Heating elements shall be so designed and maintained that their surface temperature will not cause the solvent or mixture to decompose, break down, or be converted into an excessive quantity of vapor. (iv) Tanks or machines of more than 4 square feet of vapor area, used for solvent cleaning or vapor degreasing, shall be equipped with suitable cleanout or sludge doors located near the bottom of each tank or still. These doors shall be so designed and gasketed that there will be no leakage of solvent when they are closed (13) Scope. (i) This paragraph (d) ap. plies to all operations involving the immersion of materials in liquids, or in the vapors of such liquids, for the purpose of cleaning or altering their surfaces, or adding or imparting a finish thereto, or changing the character of the materials, and their subsequent removal from the liquids or vapors. draining, and drying. Such operations include washing, electroplating. anodizing. pickling, quenching, dyeing, dipping. tanning, dressing. bleaching, degreasing, alkaline cleaning. stripping, rinsing, digesting, and other sim- 175 § 1910.95 ilar operations. but do not include molten materials handling operations, or surface coating operations. (ii) "Molten materials handling operations" means all operations, other than welding. burning. and soldering operations, involving the use, melting, smelting, or pouring of metals, alloys. salts, or other similar substances in the molten state. Such operations also include heat treating baths, descaling baths, die casting stereotyping, galvanizing. tinning, and similar operations. (lii) "Surface coating operations" means all operations involving the application of protective, decorative, adhesive, or strengthening coating or impregnation to one or more surfaces, or into the interstices of any object or material, by means of spraying, spreading, flowing. brushing, roll coat- Ing. pouring. cementing, or similar means; and any subsequent draining or drying operations, excluding opentank operations. (Secs. 4(b)(2), 6(b) and 8(c), 84 Stat. 1592, 1593, 1596; 29 U.S.C. 653, 655, 657; Sec. of Labors Order No. 8-76 (41 FR 25059); 29 CFR 1911) 139 FR 23502, June 27. 1974, as amended at 40 FR 23073. May 28, 1975: 40 FR 24522, June 9. 1975; 43 FR 49746. Oct. 24, 1978) $ 1910.95 Occupational noise exposure. (a) Protection against the effects of noise exposure shall be provided when the sound levels exceed those shown in Table G-16 when measured on the A scale of a standard sound level meter at slow response. When noise levels are determined by octave band analysis, the equivalent A-weighted sound level may be determined as follows: Title 29-Labor 140 130 125 OCTAVE BAND SOUND PRESSURE LEVEL 120 120 115 DECIBELS 110 110 105 IN 100 100 95 EQUIVALENT A.WEIGHTED SOUND LEVEL 90 90 80 100 200 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 BAND CENTER FREQUENCY IN CYCLES PER SECOND FIGURE G-9 Equivalent sound level contours. Octave band sound pressure levels may be converted to the equivalent A-weighted sound level by plotting them on this graph and noting the A-weighted sound level corresponding to the point of highest penetration into the sound level contours. This equivalent A- weighted sound level. which may differ from the actual A-weighted sound level of the noise, is used 10 determine exposure limits from Table 1.G-16. (b) (1) When employees are subjected to sound exceeding those listed in Table G-16, feasible administrative or engineering controls shall be utilized. If such controls fail to reduce sound levels within the levels of Table G-16, personal protective equipment shall be provided and used to reduce sound levels within the levels of the table. (2) If the variations in noise level involve maxima at intervals of 1 second or less, it is to be considered continuous. TABLE G-16-PERMISSIBLE NOISE EXPOSURES Sound Duration per day. hours level dBA slow response 8 90 6 92 4 95 3 97 2 100 1% 102 1 105 ½ 110 Chapter XVII-Occupational Safety and Health Administration § 1910.95 TABLE G-16-PERMISSIBLE NOISE EXPOSURES'-Continued Sound level dBA Duration per day, hours slow response % or less 115 When the daily noise exposure is composed of two or more periods of noise exposure of different levels. their combined effect should be considered, rather than the individual effect of each it the sum of the following tractions: C,IT, CJT C.IT. exceeds unity, then, the mixed exposure should be considered to exceed the limit value. Cn indicates the total time of exposure at & specified noise level, and Tn indicates the total time of exposure permitted at that level Exposure to impulsive or impact noise should not exceed 140 dB peak sound pressure level. (c) Hearing conservation program. (1) The employer shall administer a continuing, effective hearing conservation program, as described in paragraphs (c) through (o) of this section, whenever employee noise exposures equal or exceed an 8-hour time-weighted average sound level (TWA) of 85 decibels measured on the A scale (slow response) or, equivalently, a dose of fifty percent. For purposes of the hearing conservation program. employee noise exposures shall be computed in accordance with Appendix A and Table G-16a, and without regard to any attenuation provided by the use of personal protective equipment. (2) For purposes of paragraphs (c) through (n) of this section, an 8-hour time-weighted average of 85 decibels or a dose of fifty percent shall also be referred to as the action level. (d) Monitoring. (1) When information indicates that any employee's exposure may equal or exceed an 8-hour time-weighted average of 85 decibels, the employer shall develop and Implement a monitoring program. (i) The sampling strategy shall be designed to identify employees for inclusion in the hearing conservation program and to enable the proper selection of hearing protectors. (ii) Where circumstances such as high worker mobility. significant variations in sound level, or a significant component of impulse noise make area monitoring generally inappropriate, the employer shall use representative personal sampling to comply with the monitoring requirements of this paragraph unless the employer can show that area sampling produces equivalent results. (2)(i) All continuous, intermittent and impulsive sound levels from 80 decibels to 130 decibels shall be integrated into the noise measurements. (li) Instruments used to measure employee noise exposure shall be callbrated to ensure measurement accuracy. (3) Monitoring shall be repeated whenever a change in production, process, equipment or controls increases noise exposures to the extent that: (i) Additional employees may be exposed at or above the action level: or (ii) The attenuation provided by hearing protectors being used by employees may be rendered inadequate to meet the requirements of paragraph (j) of this section. (e) Employee notification. The employer shall notify each employee exposed at or above an 8-hour timeweighted average of 85 decibels of the results of the monitoring. (f) Observation of monitoring. The employer shall provide affected employees or their representatives with an opportunity to observe any noise measurements conducted pursuant to this section. (g) Audiometric testing program. (1) The employer shall establish and maintain an audiometric testing program as provided in this paragraph by making audiometric testing available to all employees whose exposures equal or exceed an 8-hour time-weighted average of 85 decibels. (2) The program shall be provided at no cost to employees. (3) Audiometric tests shall be performed by a licensed or certified audiologist, otolaryngologist, or other physician, or by a technician who is certified by the Council of Accreditation in Occupational Hearing Conservation, or who has satisfactorily demonstrated competence in administering audiometric examinations, obtaining valid audiograms, and properly using, maintaining and checking calibration and proper functioning of the audiometers being used. A technician who operates microprocessor audiometers does not need to be certified. A technician who performs audiometric tests ANEJO B13 40 CFR 260.11 References 161:1804 Anejo B13 FEDERAL REGULATIONS wastewater treatment plant, water supply treatment plant, or air pollution control facility exclusive of the treated effluent from a wastewater treatment plant. "Solid waste" means a solid waste as defined in § 261.2 of this Chapter. "Spill" [Removed] [Removed by 48 FR 2511, January 19, 1983] "State" means any of the several States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa. and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. "Storage" means the holding of hazardous waste for a temporary period. at the end of which the hazardous waste is treated, disposed of. or stored elsewhere. "Surface impoundment" or "impoundment" means a facility or part of a facility which is a natural topographic depression. man-made excavation, or diked area formed primarily of earthen materials (although il may be lined with man-made materials). which is designed to hold an accumulation of liquid wastes or wasles containing free liquids. and which is not an injection well. Examples of surface impoundments are holding. storage, settling, and aeration pits, ponds, and lagoons. "Tank" means a stationary device. designed to contain an accumulation of hazardous waste which is constructed primarily of non-earthen materials (e.g., wood, concrete, steel. plastic) which provide structural support. "Thermal treatment" means the treatment of hazardous waste in a device which uses elevated temperatures as the primary means to change the chemical, physical. or biological character or composition of the hazardous waste. Examples of thermal treatment processes are incineration, molten salt. pyrolysis. calcination. wet air oxidation. and microwave discharge. (See also "incinerator" and "open burning".) "Totally enclosed treatment facility" means a facility for the treatment of hazardous waste which is directly connected to an industrial production process and which is constructed and operated in a manner which prevents the release of any hazardous waste or any constituent thereof into the environment during treatment. An example is a pipe in which waste acid is neutralized. "Transportation" means the movement of hazardous waste by air. rail. highway. or water. engaged in the offsite transportation of hazardous waste by air. rail, highway, or water. "Transporter" means a person "Treatment" means any method, technique, or process, including neutralization, designed to change the physical. chemical. or biological character or composition of any hazardous waste so as to neutralize such waste, or so as to recover energy or material resources from the waste, or so as to render such waste non-hazardous, or less hazardous: safer to transport. store, or dispose of: or amenable for recovery, amenable for storage, or reduced in volume. "Treatment Zone" means a soil area of the unsaturated zone of a land treatment unit within which hazardous constituents are degraded, transformed, or immobilized. [Added by 47 FR 32349, July 26, 1982] "Underground injection" means the subsurface emplacement of fluids through a bored. drilled or driven well; or through a dug well, where the depth of the dug well is greater than the largest surface dimension. (See also "injection well".) "Unsaturated zone" or "zone of aeration" means the zone between the land surface and the water table. "United States" means the 50 States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands. Guam. American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. "Uppermost aquifer" means the geologic formation nearest the natural ground surface that is an aquifer, as well as lower aquifers that are hydraulically interconnected with this aquifer within the facili- 1y's property boundary. [Added by 47 FR 32349, July 26, 1982] "Wastewater treatment unit" means a device which: (1) Is part of a wastewater treatment facility which is subject to regulation under either Section 402 or Section 307(b) of the Clean Water Act; and (2) Receives and treats or stores an influent wastewater which is a hazardous waste as defined in $261.3 of this chapter, or generates and accumulates a wastewater treatment sludge which is a hazardous waste as defined in $261.3 of this chapter, or treats or stores a wastewater treatment sludge which is a hazardous waste as fined in $261.3 of this chapter; and 3) Meets the definition of tank in -0.10 of this chapter. Added by 45 FR 76075, November 17, 1980] or bored into the earth. generally of a cylindrical form, and often walled with bricks or lubing to prevent the earth from caving in. [260.10(a) was amended by 45 FR 86968. December 31, 1980, to add the following definition:] "Water (bulk shipment)" means the bulk transportation of hazardous waste which is loaded or carried on board a vessel without containers or labels. "Well injection": (See "underground injection".) "Well" means any shaft or pit dug "Transfer facility" means any transportation related facility including loading docks, parking areas, storage areas and other similar areas where shipments of hazardous waste are held during the normal course of transportation. (260.10(a) was amended by 45 FR 72028, October 30, 1980, to add the following definition:) "Transport vehicle" means a motor vehicle or rail car used for the transportation of cargo by any mode. Each cargo-carrying body (trailer, railroad freight car, etc.) is a separate transport vehicle. "Vessel' includes every description of watercraft, used or capable of being used as a means of transportation on the water. § 260.11 References. [260.11 added by 46 FR 35247, July 7, 1981) (a) When used in Parts 260 through 265 of this chapter, the following publications are incorporated by reference: "ASTM Standard Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids by Setaflash Closed Tester." ASTM Standard D- 3278-78. available from American Society for Testing and Materials. 1916 Race Street. Philadelphia, Pa. 19103. "ASTM Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Tester," ASTM Standard D-93-79 or D- 93-80. D-93-80 is available from American Society for Testing and Materials. 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 19103. "Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code" (1977 or 1981). available from the National Fire Protection Association, 470 Atlantic Avenue. Boston. Massachusetts 02210. "Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste. Physical/Chemical Methods." EPA Publication SW-846 (First Edition. 1980. as updated by Revisions A [August. 1980). B (July, 1981). and C (February. 1982)) or (Second Edition, 1982). The first edition of SW-846 is no longer in print. Revisions A and B are available from EPA. Office of Solid Waste. (WH-565B). 401 M Street. S.W., Washington. D.C. 20400. Revision C is available from NTIS, 5285 Port Royal Road. Springfield. Virginia 22161. The second edition of SW-846 includes material from the first edition and Revisions A. B. and C in a reorganized format. It is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office. [Sec. 260.11(a)] GENERAL HAZARDOUS WASTE RULES S-655 Washington, D.C. 20402, (202) 783-3238, on a subscription basis, and future updates will automatically be mailed to the subscriber. [260.11(a) amended by 47 FR 41563, September 21, 1982] (b) The references listed in paragraph (a) of this section are also available for inspection at the Office of the Federal Register. 1100 L Street. NW, Washington. D.C. 20408. These incorporations by reference were approved by the Director of the Federal Register. These materials are incorporated as they exist on the date of approval and a notice of any change in these materials will be published in the Federal Register. Subpart C-Rulemaking Petitions [Interim Final] § 260.20 General. (a) Any person may petition the Administrator to modify or revoke any provision in Parts 260 through 265 of this Chapter. This section sets forth general requirements which apply to all such petitions. Section 260.21 sets forth additional requirements for petitions to add a testing or analytical method to Parts 261, 264 or 265. Section 260.22 sets forth additional requirements for petitions to exclude a waste at a particular facility from § 261.3 of this Chapter or the lists of hazardous wastes in Subpart D of Part 261. (b) Each petition must be submitted to the Administrator by certified mail and must include: (1) The petitioner's name and address; (2) A statement of the petitioner's interest in the proposed action: (3) A description of the proposed action, including (where appropriate) suggested regulatory language: and (4) A statement of the need and justification for the proposed action, including any supporting tests, studies. or other information. (c) The Administrator will make a tentative decision to grant or deny a petition and will publish notice of such tentative decision. either in the form of an advanced notice of proposed rulemaking. a proposed rule, or a tentative determination to deny the petition. in the Federal Register for written public comment. (d) Upon the written request of any interested person. the Administrator may, at his discretion. hold an informal public hearing to consider oral comments on the tentative decision. A person requesting a hearing must state the issues to be raised and explain why written comments would not suffice to communicate the person's views. The Administrator may in any case decide on his own motion to hold an informal public hearing. comments the Administrator will make a final decision by publishing in the Federal Register a regulatory amendment or a denial of the petition. (e) After evaluating all public § 260.21 Petitions for equivalent testing or analytical methods. (a) Any person seeking to add a testing or analytical method to Parts 261, 264, or 265 of this Chapter may petition for a regulatory amendment under this section and § 260.20. To be successful. the person must demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Administrator that the proposed method is equal to or superior to the corresponding method prescribed in Parts 261. 264, or 265 of this Chapter. in terms of its sensitivity, accuracy, and precision (i.e., reproducibility). (b) Each petition must include, in addition to the information required by § 260.20(b): (1) A full description of the proposed method. including all procedural steps and equipment used in the method; (2) A description of the types of wastes or waste matrices for which the proposed method may be used: (3) Comparative results obtained from using the proposed method with those obtained from using the relevant or corresponding methods prescribed in Parts 261, 264, or 265 of this Chapter: (4) An assessment of any factors which may interfere with. or limit the use of, the proposed method: and (5) A description of the quality control procedures necessary to ensure the sensitivity. accuracy and precision of the proposed method. (c) After receiving a petition for an equivalent method, the Administrator may request any additional information on the proposed method which he may reasonably require to evaluate the method. (d) If the Administrator amends the regulations to permit use of a new testing method. the method will be incorporated in "Test Methods for the Evaluation of Solid Waste: Physical/ Chemical Methods," SW-846. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste. Washington. D.C. 20460. [Comment: This manual will be provided to any person on request, and will be available for inspection or copying at EPA headquarters or any EPA Regional Office.] $ 260.22 Petitions to amend Part 261 to exclude a waste produced at a particular facility. (a) Any person seeking to exclude a waste at a particular generating facility from the lists in Subpart D of Part 261 may petition for a regulatory amendment under this section and § 260.20. To be successful, the petitioner must demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Administrator that the waste produced by a particular generating facility does not meet any of the criteria under which the waste was listed as a hazardous waste and. in the case of an acutely hazardous waste listed under § 261.11(a)(2). that it also does not meet the criterion of § 261.11(a)(3). A waste which is so excluded may still. however, be a hazardous waste by operation of Subpart C of Part 261. (b} The procedures in this section and § 260.20 may also be used to petition the Administrator for a regulatory amendment to exclude from § 261.3(a)(2)(ii) or (c), a waste which is described in those sections and is either a waste listed in Subpart D. contains a waste listed in Subpart D. or is derived from a waste listed in Subpart D. This exclusion may only be issued for a particular generating. storage, treatment. or disposal facility. The petitioner must make the same demonstration as required by paragraph (a) of this section. except that where the waste is a mixture of solid waste and one or more listed hazardous wastes or is derived from one or more hazardous wastes, his demonstration may be made with respect to each constituent listed waste or the waste mixture as a whole. A waste which is so excluded may still be a hazardous waste by operation of Subpart C of Part 261. (c) If the waste is listed with codes "I", "C", "R", or "E" in Subpart D. the petitioner must show that demonstration samples of the waste do not exhibit the relevant characteristic defined in §§ 261.21, 261.22. 261.23, or 261.24 using any applicable test methods prescribed therein. (d) If the waste is listed with code "T" in Subpart D. the petitioner must demonstrate that: (1) Demonstration samples of the waste do not contain the constituent (as defined in Appendix VII) that caused the Administrator to list the waste. using the appropriate test methods prescribed in Appendix III: or (2) The waste does not meet the criterion of § 261.11(a)(3) when considering the factors in $ 261.11(a)(3) (i) through (xi). (e) If the waste is listed with the code "H" in Subpart D. the petitioner must demonstrate that the waste does not meet both of the following criteria: (1) The criterion of $ 261.11(a)(2). (2) The criterion of § 261.11(a)(3) when considering the factors listed in § 261.11(a)[3] (i) through (xi). (f) [Reserved for listing radioactive wastes.] (g) [Reserved for listed infectious wastes.) 5-13-83 Published by THE BUREAU OF NATIONAL AFFAIRS. INC WASHINGTON DC 20037 [Sec. 250.22(g)] ANEJO B14 Apéndice VII, 40 CFR Parte 261 Basis for Listing Hazardous Waste 161:1868 Anejo B14 FEDERAL REGULATIONS Appendix VII.-Basis for Listing Hazardous Wastes [Appendix VII amended by 45 FR 47833, July 16, 1980; revised by 45 FR 74890. November 12. 1980; 46 FR 4617, January 16. 1981] Appendix VII-Basis for Listing Hazardous Waste EPA hazardous waste No. Hazardous constituents for which listed F001 Tetrachioroethylene, methylene chloride trichloroethylene, t,1,1-trichiorosthane, carbon tetrachloride, chlorinated fluoracarbons. F002 Telrachioroethylene, methylene chloride, trichioroethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, chiorobenzene, 1.1,2-tnichloro-1,2,2-m fluoroethane, ortho-dichlorobenzene, tichiorofluoromethane. F003 N.A. F004 Cresols and cresylic acid, nitrobenzene. FOOS Toluene, methyl ethyl kelone, carbon disul. fide, isobutanol, pyridine. F006 Cadmium hexavalent chromium, nickel, cyanide (complexed). F007 Cyanide (salts). F008 Cyanide (salts). F009 Cyanide (salts). F010 Cyanide (salts). F011 Cyanide (salts). F012 Cyanide (complexed). F019 Hexavalent chromium, cyanide (complexed). K001 Pentachlorophenol. phenol. 2-chiorophenol, p-chloro-m-cresol, 2,4-dimethylpherryl, 2,4-dinitrophenol, bichtorophenols, totrachiorophenols. 2.4-dinvtrophenol, cresosole. chrysene, naphthalene. fluoranthene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(a)pyrene, indeno(1.2.3-cd)pyrene. benz(a)anthracene, dibanz(a)anthracene, acenaphthalene K002 Hexavalent chromium, lead K003 Hexavelent chromium. lead. K004 Hexavalent chromium K005 Hexavalent chromium lead K006 Hexavelent chromium. K007 Cyanide (complexed). hexavalent chromium K008 Mexavalent chromium K009 Chlorotorm, formaldehyde. methylene chionde. methyl chloride, paraidehyde, formic acid. K010 Chlorolorm formaldehyde, methylene chionoe. methyl chloride paraidehyde, formic acid, chloroacetaidehyde. K011 acetonitrile, hydrocyanic acid K013 Hydrocyanic acid. acrylonitrile, acetonitrie K014 Acetonitrile acrylamide K015 Benzyl chionds, chlorobenzene, toluene, benzotnchloride. KG:3 Hexachlorpbenzene, hexachlorobutadiene, carbon tetrachloride, hexachloroethane, perchioroethyiene. K017 Epichiorohydrin chlorosthers [bis(chioromethy]) ether and bis (2-chioroethyl) ethers]. trichloropropane, dichlarapropanols. Appendix VII-Basis for Listing Hazardous Waste-Continued EPA hezardous Hazardous constituents for which listed waste No. K018 1.2-dichloroethane, trichioroethylene, hexachiorobutadiene, hexachiorobenzene. K019 Ethylene dichloride, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, 1.1.2-trichiorosthane tetrachloroethanes (1.1.2.2-lelrachloroethane and 1.1.1.2-18 trachioroethane), trichloroethylene, 10- trachloroethylene, carbon tetrachloride. chioroform viryl chloride, vinylidens chioride, K020 Ethylene dichloride, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, 1.1.2-trichloroethane, tetrachioroethanes (1.1.2,2-tetrachlorpethane and 1,1,1,2-to trachloroethane). trichiorosthylene, totrachkoroethylene. carbon tetrachloride. chloroform, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chioride. K021 Antimony, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform. K022 Phenol, Lers (polycyclic aromatic hydrocar. bons). K023 Phthalic anhydride, maleic anhydride. K024 Phthalic anhydride, 1,4-naphthoquinane, K025 Meta-dinitroberizene, K026 Paraldehyde. pyridines, 2-picoline. K027 Toluene disocyanate, toluene-2. 4-diamine. K028 1,1,1-tnchloroethane, viryl chloride. K029 1.2-dichiorosthane, a chionde, vinylidene chloride, chioroform. K030 Hexachlorobenzene. hexachlorobutadiene. hexachloroethane 1,1,1,2-letrachicroathane. ethylene dichloride. K031 Arsenic K032 Hexachlorocyclopentadiene K033 Hexachlorocyclopentadiene K034 Hexachlorocyclopentadiene. K035 Creosote, chrysene, naphthalene, fluoranthene benzo(b) fluoranthene, benzo(a)pyrene. indeno(1,2,3-cd) pyrene, benzo(a)antivacene, dibenzo(a)anthracene. acenaphthalene K036 Toluene, phosphorodithidic and phosphare-thic acid esters. K037 Toluene, phosphorodithic and phosphoro-thioic acid esters. K038 Phorate, formaldehyde. phosphorodithicic and phosphorothicie acid esters. K039 Phosphorodithic and phosphorothioic acid esters. K040 Phorate formaldehyde, phosphorodithic and phosphorothioic acid esters. K041 Toxaphene K042 Hexachlorobenzene, ortho-dichiorobenzene. K043 2.4-dichtorophenol, 2,6-dichlorpphendl, 2.4,6-trichlorophenal K044 N.A. K045 N.A. K048 Lead Appendix VII-Basis for Listing Hazardous -Continued EPA hazardous Hazardous constituents for which listed waste No. K047 N.A. K046 Hexevelent chromium. lead. K049 Hexavalent chromium, lead K050 Hexavalent chromium K051 Hexavalent chromium, leed. K052 Lead. K060 Cyanide, napthalene, phenolic compounds, arsenic K061 Hexavelent chromium, lead. cadmium KO62 Hexavalent chromium, lead. K069 Hexavalent chromium, lead, cadmium K071 Mercury. K073 Chioroform, carbon tetrachloride hexacholroethane, trichloroethane, tetrachloroethylene, dichloroethylene, 1,1,2,2-tetrachioroethane. K083 Aniline. diphenylamine, nitrobenzene, phenylenediamina. K084 Arsenic. K085 Benzane, dichiorobehzenes, trichiorobenzenes. tetrachiarobenzenes, pentachlorobenzene. hexachlorobenzene, benzyl chioride K086 Lead. hexavalent chromium. K087 Phenol, naphthalene. K093 Phthalic anhydride, maleic anhydride. K094 Phthatic anhydride K095 ane, $.1.2.2-tetrachloroethene K096 1,2-dichloroethane 1.1.1-Brichloroethane, K097 Chlordane, heptachlor. K098 Toxaphene K099 2,4-dichloraphenol, 2,4,6-Irichlorophenol. K100 Hexavalent chromium, lead, cadmium K101 Arsenic. K102 Arsenic. K103 Aniline, nitrobonzene. phenylenediamine K104 Aniline, benzene, diphenylamine, nivoben. zene, phenylenediamine. K105 Benzene, monochiorobenzene, dichiarobenzenes, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol K106 Mercury. N.A-Waste IS hazardous because it fails the test for the characterishc of ignitability, corrosmly. OF reactivity. [Appendix VII) ANEJO B15 Apéndice A (Método 3), 40 CFR Parte 60 Gas Analysis for Carbon Dioxide, Oxigen, Excess Air, and Dry Molecular Weight 121:1572.2 Anejo B15 and carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations are measured at the outlet. Then the ratio of total carbon at the incinerator inlet and outlet is multiplied by the inlet volume to determine the exhaust volume and volume flow rate. 2. Apparatus. 2.1 Volume Meter. Equipment described in Method 2A. 2.2 Organic Analyzer (2). Equipment described in Method 25A or 25B. 2.3 CO Analyzer. Equipment described in Method 10. 2.4 CO2 Analyzer. A nondispersive infrared (NDIR) CO2 analyzer and supporting equipment with comparable specifications as CO analyzer described in Method 10. 3. Procedure. 3.1 Inlet Installation. Install a volume meter in the vapor line to incinerator inlet according to the procedure in Method 2A. At the volume meter inlet, install a sample probe as described in Method 25A. Connect to the probe a leak-tight. heated (if necessary to prevent condensation) sample line [Stainless steel or equivalent) and an organic analyzer system 88 described in Method 25A or 25B. 3.2 Exhaust Installation. Three sample analyzers are required for the incinerator exhaust: CO2. CO, and organic analyzers. A sample manifold with a single sample probe may be used. Install a sample probe as described Method 25A. Connect a leak-tight heated sample line to the sample probe. Heat the sample line sufficiently to prevent any condensation. 3.3 Recording Requirements. The output of each analyzer must be permanently recorded on an analog strip chart. digital recorder, or other recording device. The chart speed or number of readings per time unit must be similar for all analyzers so that data can be correlated. The minimum data recording requirement for each analyzer is one measurement value per minute. 3.4 Preparation. Prepare and calibrate all equipment and analyzers according to the procedures in the respective methods. For the CO2 analyzer. follow the procedures described in Method 10 for CO analysis substituting CO₂ calibration gas where the method calls for CO calibration gas. The span value for the CO2 analyzer shall be 15 percent by volume. All calibration gases must be introduced at the connection between the probe and the sample line. If a manifold system is used for the exhaust analyzers. all the analyzers and sample pumps must be operating when the calibrations are done. Note: For the purposes of this test. methane should not be used as an organic calibration gas. 3.5 Sampling At the beginning of the test period. record the initial parameters for the inlet volume meter according to the procedures in Method 2A and mark all of the recorder strip charts to indicate the start of the test. Continue recording inlet organic and exhaust CO2. CO, and organic concentrations throughout the test. During periods of process interruption and halting of gas flow, stop the timer and mark the recorder strip charts so that data from this interruption are not included in the calculations. At the end of the test period. record the final parameters for the inlet volume meter and mark the end on all of the recorder strip charts. 3.6 Post Test Calibrations. At the conclusion of the sampling period. introduce the calibration gases as specified in the respective reference methods. If an analyzer output does not meet the specifications of the method. invalidate the test data for the period. Alternatively. calculate the volume results using initial calibration data and using final calibration data and report both resulting volumes. Then, for emissions calculations. use the volume measurement resulting in the greatest emission rate or concentration. 4. Calculations. Carry out the calculations, retaining at least one extra decimal figure beyond that of the acquired data. Round off figures after the final calculation. 4.1 Nomenclature CO, Mean carbon monoxide concentration in system exhaust. ppmv. CO2. Mean carbon dioxide concentration in system exhaust. ppmv. HC, = Mean organic concentration in system exhaust as defined by the calibration gas. ppmv. HC, Mean organic concentration in system inlet 85 defined by the calibration gas. ppmv. =Calibration gas factor for ethane calibration gas. for propane calibration gas. 4 for butane calibration gas. = Appropriate response factor for other calibration gas. V.=Exhaust gas volume, M'. Vₗ Inlet gas volume, M³. Q. Exhaust gas volume flow rate, m3/min. Qu=Inlet gas volume flow rate, m3/min. =Sample run time, min. =Standard Conditions: 20°C. 760 mm Hg. 00=Estimated concentration of ambient CO2. ppmv. (CO₂ concentration in the ambient air may be measured during the test period using an NDIR and the mean value substituted into the equation.) determined on a parts per million by volume (ppmv) basis. 4.3 Exhaust Gas Volume. Calculate the exhaust gas volume as follows: K(HC,) V- a V. K(HC.) + 4.2 Concentrations. Determine mean concentration of inlet organics. outlet CO2, outlet CO. and outlet organics according to the procedures in the respective methods and the analyzers' calibration curves. and for the time intervals specified in the applicable regulations. Concentrations should be Eq. 2B-1 4.4 Exhaust Gas Volume Flow Rate. Calculate the exhaust gas volume flow rate as follows: Q-=V~ Eq. 2B-2 5. Bibliography. 5.1 Measurement of Volatile Organic Compounds. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards. Research Triangle Park. N.C. 27711. Publication No. EPA-450/2-78-041. October 1978. p. 55. METHOD 3-GAS ANALYSIS FOR CARBON DIOXIDE, OXYGEN, Excess AIR, AND Day MOLECULAR WEIGHT 1.1 Principle. A gas sample is extracted from a stack, by one of the following methods: (1) single-point, grab sampling: (2) single-point, integrated sampllug; or (3) multi-point, integrated sampling. The gas sample is analyzed for percent carbon dioxide (CO2), percent oxygen (0:). and, if necessary, percent carbon monoxide (CO). If a dry molecular weight determination is to be made, either an Orsat or 8 Fyrite analyzer may be used for the analysis; for excess air or emission rate correction factor determination, an Orsat analyzer must be used. 1.2 Applicability. This method is applicable for determining CO2 and O, concentrations, excess air, and dry molecular weight of a sample from a gas stream of 8 fossil-fuel combustion process. The method may also be applicable toother processes where it hasbeen del termined that compounds other than CO2, O2. CO, and nitrogen (N,) are not present in concentrations sufficient to affect the results. Other methods, as well as modifications to the procedure described herein, are also applicable for some or all of the above determinations. Examples of specific methods and modifications include: (1) a multi-point sampling method using an Orsat analyzer to analyze Individual grab samples obtained at each point: (2) a method using CO, or O₂ and stoichiometric calculations to determine dry molecular weight and excess air; (3) assigning B value of 30.0 for dry molecular weight, in lieu of actual measurements, for processes burning natural gas, coal, or oil. These methods and modifications may be used, but are subject to the approval of the Administrator. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 2. Apparatus As an alternative to the sampling apparatus and systems described herein, other sampling systems (e.g., Liquid displacement) may be used provided such systems are capable of obtaining A representative sample and maintaining a constant sampling rate, and are otherwise capable of yielding acceptable results. Use of such systems is subject 10 the approval of the Administrator. 2.1 Grab Sampling (Figure 3-1). 2.1.1 Probe. The probe should be made of stainless steel or borosilicate glass tubing and should be equipped with an in-stack or -stack futer to remove particulate matter (a plug of glass wool is satisfactory for this purpose). Any other material inert to O2. CO: CO, and N, and resistant to temperal ure AL sampling conditions may be used for the probe; examples of such material are aluminum, copper, quartz glass and Teflon, 2.1.2 Pump. A. one-way squeeze bulb, or equivalent, is used to transport the gas sample to the analyzer. 2.2 Integrated Sampling (Figure 3-2). 2.2.1 Probe. A probe such as that described in Section 2.1.1 is suitable. 1. Principle and Applicability I Mention of trade names or specific products does not constitute endorsement by the Environmental Protection Agency. [Appendix A, Method 3] S-668 121:1572.3 PROBE FLEXIBLE TUBING TO ANALYZER FILTER (GLASS WOOL) SQUEEZE BULB Figure 3.1. Grab-sampling train. RATE METER VALVE SURGE TANK AIR-COOLED CONDENSER PROBE PUMP FILTER (GLASS WOOL) QUICK DISCONNECT JB VALVE BAG RIGID CONTAINER Figure 32. Integrated gas-sampling train. [43 FR 1495, January 10, 1978) [Appendix A, Method 3] 9-9-83 within 121:1573 S-676 2.2.2 Condenser. An air-cooled or watercooled condenser. or other condenser that will not remove O1, CO., CO, and N, may be used to remove excess moisture which would interfere with the operation of the pump and flow meter. 2.2.3 Valve. A needle valve is used to adjust sample gas flow rate. 2.2.4 Pump. A leak-free. diaphragm-type pump, or equivalent, is used to transport sample gas to the flexible bag. Install a small surge tank between the pump and rate meter to eliminate the pulsation effect of the diaphragm pump on the rotameter. 2.2.5 Rate Meter. The rotameter, or equivalent rate meter. used should be capa. ble of measuring flow rate to within ±2 percent of the selected flow rate. A flow rate range of 500 to 1000 cm'/min is suggested. 2.2.6 Flexible Bag. Any leak-free plastic (e.g., Tedlar, Mylar. Teflon) or plasticcoated aluminum (e.g., aluminized Mylar) bag. or equivalent. having a capacity consistent with the selected flow rate and time length of the test run. may be used. A capacity in the range of 55 to 90 liters is sug. gested. To leak-check the bag. connect it to a water manometer and pressurize the bag to 5 to 10 cm H2O (2 to 4 In. H,O). Allow to stand for 10 minutes. Any displacement in the water manometer indicates a leak. An alternative leak-check method is to pressurize the bag to 5 to 10 cm H.O (2 to 4 in. H,O) and allow to stand overnight. A deflated bag indicates a leak. 2.2.7 Pressure Gauge. A water-filled U. tube manometer. or equivalent. of about 28 cm (12 in.) is used for the flexible bag leakcheck. 2.2.8 Vacuum Gauge. A mercury manometer. or equivalent. of at least 760 mm Hg (30 in. Hg) is used for the sampling train leak-check. 2.3 Analysis. For Orsat and Fyrite analyzer maintenance and operation procedures. follow the instructions recommended by the manufacturer, unless otherwise specified herein. 2.3.1 Dry Molecular Weight Determination. An Orsat analyzer or Fyrite type combustion gas analyzer may be used. 2.3.2 Emission Rate Correction Factor or Excess Air Determination. An Orsat analyzer must be used. For low CO, (less than 4.0 percent) or high O2 (greater that 15.0 percent) concentrations, the measuring burette of the Orsat must have at least 0.1 percent subdivisions. 3. Dry Molecular Weight Determination Any of the three sampling and analytical procedures described below may be used for determining the dry molecular weight. 3.1 Single-Point. Grab Sampling and Analytical Procedure. 3.1.1 The sampling point in the duct shall either be at the centroid of the cross section or at a point no closer to the walls than 1.00 m (3.3 ft), unless otherwise specified by the Administrator. 3.1.2 Set up the equipment as shown in Figure 3-1, making sure all connections ahead of the analyzer are tight and leak. free. If and Orsat analyzer is used. it is recommended that the analyzer be leakedchecked by following the procedure in Section 5; however, the leak-check is optional. 3.1.3 Place the probe in the stack. with the tip of the probe positioned at the sampling point: purge the sampling line. Draw a sample into the analyzer and immediately analyze it for percent CO, and percent O, Determine the percentage of the gas that is N, and CO by subtracting the sum of the percent CO, and percent O, from 100 percent. Calculate the dry molecular weight as indicated in Section 6.3. 3.1.4 Repeat the sampling, analysis. and calculation procedures, until the dry molecular weights of any three grab samples differ from their mean by no more than 0.3 g/g-mole (0.3 16/1b-mole). Average these three molecular weights, and report the results to the nearest 0.1 g/g-mole (lb/lbmole). 3.2 Single-Point, Integrated Sampling and Analytical Procedure. 3.2.1 The sampling point in the duct shall be located as specified in Section 3.1.1. 3.2.2 Leak-check (optional) the flexible bag as in Section 2.2.6. Set up the equipment as shown in Figure 3-2. Just prior to sampling, leak-check (optional) the train by placing a vacuum gauge at the condenser inlet. pulling a vacuum of at least 250 mm Hg (10 in. Hg). plugging the outlet at the quick disconnect. and then turning off the pump. The vacuum should remain stable for at least 0.5 minute. Evacuate the flexible bag. Connect the probe and place it in the stack. with the tip of the probe positioned at the sampling point: purge the sampling line. Next. connect the bag and make sure that all connections are tight and leak free. 3.2.3 Sample at a constant rate. The sampling run should be simultaneous with. and for the same total length of time as. the pol. lutant emission rate determination. Collection of at least 30 liters (1.00 ft1) of sample gas is recommended: however. smaller vol. umes may be collected, if desired. 3.2.4 Obtain one integrated flue gas sample during each pollutant emission rate determination. Within 8 hours after the sample is taken. analyze it for percent CO, and percent O, using either an Orsat analyz. er or a Fyrite-type combustion gas analyzer. If an Orsat analyzer is used, it is recommended that the Orsat leak-check described in Section 5 be performed before this deter. mination: however, the check is optional. Determine the percentage of the gas that is N, and CO by subtracting the sum of the percent CO, and percent O, from 100 percent. Calculate the dry molecular weight as indicated in Section 6.3. 3.2.5 Repeat the analysis and calculation procedures until the individual dry molecular weights for any three analyses differ from their mean by no more than 0.3 8/8. mole (0.3 lb/lb-mole). Average these three molecular weights. and report the results to the nearest 0.1 g/g-mole (0.1 1b/lb-mole). 3.3 Multi-Point. Integrated Sampling and Analytical Procedure. 3.3.1 Unless otherwise specified by the Administrator. a minimum of eight traverse points shall be used for circular stacks having diameters less than 0.61 m (24 in.). a minimum of nine shall be used for rectangu. lar stacks having equivalent diameters less than 0.61 m (24 in.). and a minimum of twelve traverse points shall be used for all other cases. The traverse points shall be 10. cated according to Method 1. The use of fewer points is subject to approval of the Administrator. 3.3.2 Follow the procedures outlined in sections 3.2.2 throught 3.2.5. except for the following: traverse all sampling points and sample at each point for an equal length of time. Record sampling data as shown in Figure 3-3. 4. Emission Rate Correction Factor or Excess Air Determination NOTE: A Fyrite-type combustion gas analyzer is not acceptable for excess air or emission rate correction factor determination. unless approved by the Administrator. If both percent CO, and percent O, are meas. ured, the analytical results of any of the three procedures given below may also be used for calculating the dry molecular weight. Each of the three procedures below shall be used only when specified in an applicable subpart of the standards. The use of these procedures for other purposes must have specific prior approval of the Administrator. 11-25-83 Published by THE BUREAU OF NATIONAL AFFAIRS INC., Washington D.C. 20037 121:1574 4.1 Single Point. Grab Sampling and Analytical Procedure. 4.1.1 The sampling point in the duct shall either be at the centroid of the crosssection or at a point no closer to the walls than 1.00 m (3.3 ft). unless otherwise specified by the Administrator. 4.1.2 Set up the equipment as shown in Figure 3-1. making sure all connections ahead of the analyzer are tight and leakfree. Leak-check the Orsal analyzer according to the procedure described in Section 5. This leak-check is mandatory. TIME TRAVERSE a PT. % DEV.ᵃ 1pm AVERAGE a DEV 11 ( ) 100 avg (MUST BE 10%) Figure 3-3. Sampling rate data. 4.1.3 Place the probe in the stack, with the tip of the probe positioned at the sampling point: purge the sampling line. Draw a sample into the analyzer. For emission rate correction factor determination. immediately analyze the sample. as outlined in Sections 4.1.4 and 4.1.5. for percent CO, or percent O, If excess air is desired. proceed as follows: (1) immediately analyze the sample, as in Sections 4.1.4 and 4.1.5. for percent CO2, O2. and CO; (2) determine the percentage of the gas that is N, by subtracting the sum of the percent CO., percent On and percent CO from 100 percent: and (3) calculate percent excess air as outlined in Section 6.2. 4.1.4 To insure complete absorption of the CO., O2, or if applicable, CO. make repeated passes through each absorbing solution until two consecutive readings are the same. Several passes (three or four) should be made between readings. (If constant readings cannot be obtained after three consecutive readings. replace the absorbing solution.) 4.1.5 After the analysis is completed. leak-check (mandatory) the Orsat analyzer once again. as described in Section 5. For the results of the analysis to be valid. the Orsat analyzer must pass this leak test before and after the analysis. NOTE: Since this single-point, grab sampling and analytical procedure in normally conducted in conjunction with a singlepoint. grab sampling and analytical procedure for a pollutant. only one analysis is ordinarily conducted. Therefore, great care must be taken to obtain a valid sample and analysis. Although in most cases only CO. or O. is required. it is recommended that both CO, and O₂ be measured, and that stant rate. or as specified by the Administrator. The sampling run must be simultaneous with, and for the same total lengh of time as, the pollutant emission rate determination. Collect at least 30 liters (1.00 ft') of sample gas. Smaller volumes may be collected, subject to approval of the Administrator. 4.2.4 Obtain one integrated flue gas sample during each pollutant emission rate determination. For emission rate correction factor determination, analyze the sample within 4 hours after it is taken for percent CO, or percent O, (as outlined in Sections 4.2.5 through 4.2.7). The Orsat analyzer must be leak-check (see Section 5) before the analysis. If excess air is desired. proceed as follows: (1) within 4 hours after the sample is taken, analyze it (as in Sections 4.2.5 through 4.2.7) for percent CO2. O,, and CO: (2) determine the percentage of the gas that is N, by subtracting the sum of the percent CO., percent O., and percent CO from 100 percent: (3) calculate percent excess air, as outlined in Section 6.2. 4.2.5 To insure complete absorption of the CO2. O,, or if applicable, CO. make repeated passes through each absorbing solution until two consecutive readings are the same. Several passes (three of four) should be make between readings. (If constant readings cannot be obtained after three consecutive readings. replace the absorbing SO. lution.) 4.2.6 Repeat the analysis until the following criteria are met: 4.2.6.1 For percent CO2. repeat the analytical procedure until the results of any three analyses differ by no more that (a) 0.3 percent by volume when CO2 is greater than 4.0 percent or (b) 0.2 percent by volume when CO. is less than or equal to 4.0 percent. Average the three acceptable values of percent CO, and report the results to the nearest 0.1 percent. 121:1574.1 4.2.6.2 For percent O,, repeat the analytical procedure until the results of any three analyses differ by no more than (a) 0.3 percent by volume when O, is less than 15.0 percent or (b) 0.2 percent by volume when O2 is greater than or equal to 15.0 percent. Average the three acceptable values of percent O, and report the results to the nearest 0.1 percent. 4.2.6.3 For percent CO. repeat the analytical procedure until the results of any three analyses differ by no more than 0.3 percent. Average the three acceptable values of percent CO and report the results to the nearest 0.1 percent. 4.2.7 After the analysis is completed. leak-check (mandatory) the Orsat analyzer once again. as described in Section 5. For the results of the analysis to be valid, the Orsat analyzer must pass this leak test before an after the analysis. NOTE: Although in most instances only CO, or O2 is required, it is recommended that both CO2 and O, be measured, and that Section 4.4 to be used to validate the analytical data. [4.2.7 Note amended by 48 FR 49459, October 25, 1983] 4.3 Multi-Point. Integrated Sampling and Analytical Procedure. 4.3.1 Both the minimum number of sampling points and the sampling point location shall be as specified in Section 3.3.1 of this method. The use of fewer points than specified is subject to the approval of the Administrator. 4.3.2 Follow the procedures outlined in Sections 4.2.2 through 4.2.7. except for the following: Traverse all sampling points and sample at each point for an equal length of time. Record sampling data as shown in Figure 3-3. [Section 4.4 added by 48 FR 49459, October 25, 1983] 4.4 Quality Control Procedures. 4.4.1 Data Validation When Both CO2 and O2 Are Measured. Although in most instances, only CO2 or O2 measurement is required. it is recommended that both CO2 and O2 be measured to provide a check on the quality of the data. The following quality control procedure is suggested. Note-Since the method for validating the CO2 and O2 analyses is based on combustion of organic and fossil fuels and dilution of the gas stream with air. this method does not apply to sources that (1) remove CO2 or O2 through processes other than combustion. (2) add O2 (e.g., oxygen enrichment) and N, in proportions different from that of air. (3) add CO2 (e.g., cement or lime kilns). or (4) have no fuel factor. For values obtainable (e.g., extremely variable waste mixtures). This S-676 method validates the measured proportions of CO2 and O2 for the fuel type. but the method does not detect sample dilution resulting from leaks during or after sample collection. The method is applicable for samples collected downstream of most lime or limestone fiue-gas desulfurization units as the CO2 added or removed from the gas stream is not significant in relation to the total CO2 concentration. The CO2 concentrations from other types of scrubbers using only water or basic slurry can be significantly affected and would render the F, check minimally useful. 4.4.1.1 Calculate 8 fuel factor, Fo. using the following equation: 20.9-%O₂ F.- %CO₂ Eq. 3-3 Where: %O2=Percent O2 by volume (dry basis). %CO₂=Percent CO2 by volume (dry basis). Percent O2 by volume in ambient air. If CO is present in quantities measurable by this method. adjust the O2 and CO2 values before performing the calculation for F. as follows: %CO:(adj)=%CO₂+%CO Where: %CO=Percent CO by volume (dry basis). 4.4.1.2 Compare the calculated F. factor with the expected F. values. The following table may be used in establishing acceptable ranges for the expected F. if the fuel being burned is known. When fuels are burned in combination. calculate the combined fuel F. and F, factors (as defined in Method 19) according to the procedure in Method 19