Then calculate the F. factor as

follows: 0.209 F. F.= Eq. 3-4 F. Calculated F. values beyond the acceptable ranges shown in this table should be investigated before accepting the test results. For example, the strength of the solutions in the gae analyzer and the analyzing technique should be checked by sampling and analyzing a known concentration. such as air. the fuel factor should be reviewed and verified. An acceptability range of +12 percent is appropriate for the F. factor of mixed fuels with variable fuel ratios. The level of the emission rate relative to the compliance level should be considered in determining if a relest is appropriate, i.e., if the measured emissions are much lower or much greater than the compliance limit. repetition of the test would not significantly change the compliance status of the source and would be unnecessarily time-consuming and costly. Fuel type F,range Coal: Anthracte and a 1.016-1.130 a 1.083-1.230 Oil: Distillate 1,260-1.413 Residual 1.210-1.370 Gas: Natural 1.600-1.836 Propane 1434-1.586 Butane 1,406-1.553 Wood 1.000-1.120 Wood bank 1.003-1,130 5. Leak-Check Procedure for Orsat Analyzers Moving an Orsat analyzer frequently causes it to leak. Therefore. an Orsat analyzer should be throughly leak-checked on site before the flue gas sample is introduced into it. The procedure for leak-checking an Orsat analyzer is: 5.1.1 Bring the liquid level in each plpette up to the reference mark on the capillary tubing and then close the pipette stopcock. 5.1.2 Raise the leveling bulb sufficiently to bring the confining liquid meniscus onto the graduated portion of the burette and then close the manifold stopcock. 5.1.3 Record the meniscus position. 5.1.4 Observe the menicus in the burette and the liquid level in the pipette for movement over the next 4 minutes. 5.1.5 For the Orsat analyzer to pass the leak-check. two conditions must be met. 5.1.5.1 The liquid level in each pipette must not fall below the bottom of the capillary tubing during this 4-minute interval. 5.1.5.2 The meniscus in the burette must not change by more than 0.2 ml during this 4-minute interval. 5.1.6 If the analyzer fails the leak-check procedure. all rubber connections and stop. cocks should be checked until the cause of the leak is identified. Leaking stopcocks must be disassembled. cleaned. and regreased. Leaking rubber connections must be replaced. After the analyzer is reassembled. the leak-check procedure must be repeated. [Appendix A, Method 4) 11-25-83 Published by THE BUREAU OF NATIONAL AFFAIRS. INC., Washington. D.G. 20037 121:1574.2 FEDERAL REGULATIONS 6. Calculations 6.1 Nomenclature. Ma=Dry molecular weight, g/g-mole (lb/lb. mole). = Percent excess air. %CO,=Percent CO, by volume (dry basis). %O,=Percent O, by volume (dry basis). %CO Percent CO by volume (dry basis). %N, Percent N, by volume (dry basis). 0.264=Ratio of O, to N, in air. v/v. 0.280 Molecular weight of N, or CO. divided by 100. 0.320=Molecular weight of O, divided by 100. 0.440 Molecular weight of CO, divided by 100. 6.2 Percent Excess Air. Calculate the percent excess air (if applicable), by substituting the appropriate values of percent On CO. and N, (obtained from Section 4.1.3 or 4.2.4) into Equation 3-1. %O₂-0.5%CO %EA= 100 0.264 Equation 3-1 NOTE: The equation above assumes that ambient air is used as the source of O2 and that the fuel does not contain appreciable amounts of N. (as do coke oven or blast furnace gases). For those cases when appreciable amounts of N, are present (coal, oil, and natural gas do not contain appreciable amounts of N,) or when oxygen enrichment is used. alternate methods, subject to approval of the Administrator, are required. 6.3 Dry Molecular Weight. Use Equation 3-2 to calculate the dry molecular weight of the stack gas NOTE: The above equation does not consider argon in air (about 0.9 percent. moleculars weight of 37.7). A negative error of about 0.4 percent is introduced. The tester may opt to include argon in the analysis using procedures subject to approval of the Administrator. 7. Bibliography 0.280(%N,+%CO) Equation 3-2 1. Altshuller, A. P. Storage of Gases and Vapors in Plastic Bags. International Journal of Air and Water Pollution. 6.75-81. 1963. 2. Conner, William D. and J. S. Nader. Air Sampling with Plastice Bags. Journal of the American Industrial Hygiene Association. 25:291-297. 1964. 3. Burrell Manual for Gas Analysts, Sev. enth edition. Burrell Corporation. 2223 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh. Pa. 15219. 1951. 4. Mitchell, W. J. and M. R. Midgett. Field Reliability of the Orsat Analyzer. Journal of Air Pollution Control Association 26:491- 495. May 1976. 5. Shigehara, R. T., R. M. Neulicht. and W. S. Smith. Validating Orsat Analysis Data from Fossil Fuel-Fired Units. Stack Sampling News. 4(2):21-26. August. 1976. METHOD 4-DETERMINATION OF MOISTURE CONTENT IN STACK GASES 1. Principle and Applicability 1.1 Principle. A gas sample is extracted at a constant rate from the source: moisture is removed from the sample stream and determined either volumetrically or gravimetrically. 1.2 Applicability. This method is applicable for determining the moisture content of stack gas. Two procedures are given. The first is a reference method. for accurate determinstions of moisture content (such as are needed to calculate emission data). The second is an approximation method, which provides estimates of percent moisture to aid in setting isokinetic sampling rates prior to a pollutant emission measurement run. The approximation method described herein is only a suggested approach: alternative means for approximating the moisture content, e.g.. drying tubes. wet bulb-dry bulb techniques. condensation techniques, stoichiometric calculations, previous expertence, etc., are also acceptable. The reference method is often conducted simultaneously with a pollutant emission measurement run: when It is. calculation of percent isokinetic, pollutant emission rate, etc., for the run shall be based upon the results of the reference method or its equivalent: these calculations shall not be based upon the results of the approximation method. unless the approximation method Is shown. to the satisfaction of the Administrator. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. to be capable of yielding results within 1 percent H2O of the reference method. NOTE-The reference method may yield questionable results when applied 10 saturated gas streatns or to streams that contain water droplets. Therefore, when these conditions exist or are suspected. a second deter. mination of the moisture controt shall be made simpltaneously with the reference method, RS follows: Assime that the gas stream is saturated. Attach a temperature sensor (capable of measuring to *1° C (2° F)) to the reference method probe. Measure the stack gas temperature at each traverse point (see Section 2.2.1) during the reference method traverse; calculate the average stark gas temperature. Next, determine the moisture percentage. either by: (1) using a psychrometric chart and making appropriate corrections If stack pressure is different from that of the chart. or (2) using saturation vapor pressure tables. In cases where the psychrometric chart or the saturation rapor pressure tables are not applicable (based on evaluation of the process). alternate methods, subject to the approval of the Administrator, shall be used. 2. Reference Mithod The procedure described in Method 5 for determining moisture content is acceptable as a reference method. 2.1 Apparatus A schematic of the sampling train used in this reference method is shown in Figure 4-1. All components shall be maintained and calibrated according to the procedure outlined in Method 5. pág 7 2 3 5 7 8 9 11 13 14 15 17 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 29 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 42 45 47 53 54 56 57 60 61 62 70 71 72 74 75 77 78 81 82 83 85 90 91 93 94 96 97 102 104 108 111 113 114 125 127 128 137 139 145 146 148 150 158 174 184 187 188 190 198 199 205 209 213 217 223 224 227 229 231 232 236 240 Grupo 1-A 244 245 247 256 259 260 262 275 287 291 294 295 299 302 304 306 307 312 2 3 - 4 199 200 109 132:0355 197 198 215 216 3 1-11-83 5 7 9 11 S-580 161:2053 239 240 124 125 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 20 40 41 408 409 410 411 S-664 43 161:2035 199 161:2037 201 202 S-618 161:2039 203 204 161:2041 205 150 151 152 153 154 155 157 156 158 TAPP 160 162 164 165 166 167 169 171 172 173 174 176 177 112 161:1805 113 130 102 103 241 242 243 244