Regl. 9049, art. 107-1609
WIND LOADS
Length: 1,976 wordsOfficial source
Cite as Reglamento Núm. 9049, Art. 107-1609
1609.1 Applications. Buildings, structures and parts thereof shall be designed to withstand the
minimum wind loads pre-scribed herein. Decreases in wind loads shall not be made for the effect
of shielding by other structures.
1609.1.1 Determination of Wind Loads. Wind loads on every building or structure shall be
determined in accordance with Chapters 26 to 31 of ASCE 7. The type of opening protection
required, the basic design wind speed, V, and the exposure category for a site is permitted to
be determined in accordance with Section 1609 or ASCE 7. Wind shall be assumed to come
from any horizontal direction and wind pressures shall be assumed to act normal to the surface
considered.
Exceptions:
1. Subject to the limitations of Section 1609.1.1.1, the provisions of ICC 600 shall be
permitted for applicable Group R-2 and R-3 buildings.
2. Subject to the limitations of Section 1609.1.1.1, residential structures using the provisions
of AWC WFCM.
3. Subject to the limitations of Section 1609.1.1.1, residential structures using the provisions
of AISI S230.
4. Designs using NAAMM FP 1001.
5. Designs using TIA-222 for antenna-supporting structures and antennas, provided that the
horizontal extent of Topographic Category 2 escarp- ments in Section 2.6.6.2 of TIA-
222 shall be 16 times the height of the escarpment.
6. Wind tunnel tests in accordance with ASCE 49 and Sections 31.4 and 31.5 of ASCE 7.
The wind speeds in Figures 1609.3(1) through 1609.3(12) are basic design wind speeds,
V, and shall be converted in accordance with Section 1609.3.1 to allowable stress design
wind speeds, Vasd, when the provisions of the standards referenced in Exceptions 4 and 5
are used.
1609.3 Basic design wind speed. The basic design wind speed, V, in mph, for the determination
of the wind loads shall be determined by Figures 1609.3(1) through (12). The basic design wind
speed, V, for use in the design of Risk Category II buildings and structures shall be obtained from
Figures 1609.3(1), 1609.3(5), and for Puerto Rico 1609.3(9). The basic design wind speed, V, for
use in the design of Risk Category III buildings and structures shall be obtained from Figures
1609.3(2), 1609.3(6) and for Puerto Rico 1609.3(10). The basic design wind speed, V, for use in
the design of Risk Category IV buildings and structures shall be obtained from Figures 1609.3(3),
1609.3(7) , and for Puerto Rico 1609.3(11). The basic design wind speed, V, for use in the design
of Risk Category I buildings and structures shall be obtained from Figures1609.3(4), 1609.3(8)
, and for Puerto Rico 1609.3(12). The basic design wind speed, V, for the special wind regions
indicated near mountainous terrain and near gorges shall be in accordance with local jurisdiction
requirements. The basic design wind speeds, V, determined by the local jurisdiction shall be in
accordance with Chapter 26 of ASCE 7.
131
In nonhurricane-prone regions, when the basic design wind speed, V, is estimated from regional
climatic data, the basic design wind speed, V, shall be determined in accordance with Chapter 26
of ASCE 7.
1609.3.1 Wind speed conversion. Where required, the basic design wind speeds of Figures
1609.3(1) through 1609.3(12) shall be converted to allowable stress design wind speeds, Vasd,
using Table 1609.3.1 or Equation 16-33.
V asd = VV0.6
(Equation 16-33)
where:
Vₐₛd
= Allowable stress design wind speed applicable to methods specified in Exceptions 4
and 5 of Section 1609.1.1.
V
= Basic design wind speeds determined from Figures 1609.3(1) through
1609.3(12).
TABLE 1609.2
WINDBORNE DEBRIS PROTECTION FASTENING SCHEDULE FOR WOOD
STRUCTURAL PANELS
FASTENER SPACING (inches)
FASTENER TYPE
Panel Span
4
feet
V
Panel6
feet < Panel
≤ 4 feet
Span ≤ 6 feet
Span ≤ 8 feet
No. 8 wood-screw-based anchor with 2-inch
16
10
8
embedment length
No. 10 wood-screw-based anchor with 2-inch
16
12
9
embedment length
¹/₄-inch diameter lag-screw-based anchor with 2-inch
16
16
16
embedment length
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound = 4.448 N, 1 mile per hour = 0.447 m/s.
a. This table is based on a 140 mph basic design wind speeds and a 45-foot mean roof height.
b. Fasteners shall be installed at opposing ends of the wood structural panel. Fasteners shall be located not less than 1 inch from the edge of thepanel.
c. Anchors shall penetrate through the exterior wall covering with an embedment length of 2 inches minimum into the building frame. Fasteners shall be located not less than 2¹/₂ inches from
the edge of concrete block or concrete.
d. Where panels are attached to masonry or masonry/stucco, they shall be attached using vibration-resistant anchors having a minimum ultimate withdrawal capacity of 1,500 pounds.
132
TABLE 1609.3.1
WIND SPEED CONVERSIONS
a,b,c
V
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
Vasd
78
85
93
101
108
116
124
132
139
147
155
For SI: 1 mile per hour = 0.44 m/s.
a. Linear interpolation is permitted.
b. V= allowable stress design wind speed applicable to methods specified in Exceptions 1 through 5 of Section 1609.1.1.
c. V = basic design wind speeds determined from Figures 1609.3(1) through 1609.3(12).
133
95(42)
100(45)
105(47)
101(45)
110(49)
105(47)
103(46)
90(40)
110(49)
115(51)
105(47)
120(54)
130(58)
114(51)
140(63)
107(48)
140(63)
104
105(47)
(46)
150(67)
90(40)
95(42)
104(46)
100(45)
105(47)
150(67)
105(47)
140(63)
140(63)
130(58)
105(47)
150(67)
160(72)
120(54)
103(46)
160(72)
170(76)
110(49)
170(76)
105(47)
180(80)
110(49)
115(51)
150(67)
120(54)
140(63)
130(58)
110(49)
120(54)
130(58)
Special Wind Region
140(63)
Location
Vimph
(m/s)
150(67)
160(72)
160(72)
170(76)
150(67)
Guam
195
(87)
Virgin islands
165
(74)
160(72)
American Samoa
160
(72)
Puerto Rico
Notes:
1.
Values are nominal design 3-second gust wind speeds in miles per hour (m/s) at 33 ft (10 m) above ground for Exposure C category.
2. Linear interpolation is permitted between the contours. Point values are provided to aid with interpolation.
3. Islands, coastal areas, and land boundaries outside the last contour shall use the last wind speed contour.
4. Mountainous terrain, gorges, ocean promontories, and special wind regions shall be examined for unusual wind conditions.
5. Wind speeds correspond to approximately a 7% probability of exceedance in 50 years (Annual Exceedance Probability = 0.00143, MRI = 700
Years).
6. Location-specific basic wind speeds shall be permitted to be determined using www.atcouncil.org./windspeed when applicable to ASCE 7.
FIGURE 1609.3(1)
134
BASIC DESIGN WIND SPEEDS, V, FOR RISK CATEGORY II BUILDINGS AND OTHER STRUCTURES
100(45) 105(47)
110(49)
115(51)
110(49)
115(51)
115(51)
95(42)
110(49)
120(54)
130(58)
140(63)
122(55)
115(51)
150(67)
117(52)
120(54)
114(51)
150(67)
111(49)
160(72)
95(42)
100(45)
111(49)
112(50)
105(47)
160(72)
110(49) 112(50)
150(67)
150(67)
160(72)
140(63)
170(76)
130(58)
120(54)
110(49)
170(76)
180(80)
180(80)
115(51)
190(85)
115(51)
120(54)
160(72)
200(89)
130(58)
150(67)
140(63)
115(51)
120(54)
130(58)
140(63)
Special Wind Region
150(67)
160(72)
170(76)
Location
Vmph
(m/s)
170(76)
180(80)
160(72)
Guam
210
(94)
170(76)
Virgin Islands
175
(78)
American Samoa
170
(76)
Puerto Rico
Notes:
1.
Values are nominal design 3-second gust wind speeds in miles per hour (m/s) at 33 ft (10 m) above ground for Exposure C category.
2.
Linear interpolation is permitted between the contours. Point values are provided to aid with interpolation.
3. Islands, coastal areas, and land boundaries outside the last contour shall use the last wind speed contour.
4. Mountainous terrain, gorges, ocean promontories, and special wind regions shall be examined for unusual wind conditions.
5.
Wind speeds correspond to approximately a 7% probability of exceedance in 50 years (Annual Exceedance Probability = 0.00143, MRI = 700
Years).
6. Location-specific basic wind speeds shall be permitted to be determined using www.atcouncil.org./windspeed when applicable to ASCE 7.
FIGURE 1609.3(2)
135
BASIC DESIGN WIND SPEEDS, V, FOR RISK CATEGORY III BUILDINGS AND OTHER STRUCTURES
165(47)
110(19)
115(51)
120/54)
115/51)
120(54)
116($1)
120(sc)
125($6)
100(45)
130(58)
140(63)
127(57)
122(55)
159/67)
125(56)
119(63)
150(67)
160(72)
1'6(52),
170(76)
100(40)
105(47)
115(51)
110(49)
117(52)
160(72)
150(67)
115(51)
160(72)
115(51)
170(76)
140(63)
150(67)
180(8))
130(58)
100.00)
190/86)
(190(85)
120(64)
170(76)
120(54)
125(34)
200(89)
13058
170(76)
160(72)
1-0(63)
150(67)
120(54)
130(58)
140(63)
Special Wind Region
150(ET)
160(72)
Location
Vmpk
(m/s)
164(72)
176(78)
190(85)
170(76)
Guan
220
(98)
170(76)
175(78)
Virgin Islands
180
(80)
180(80)
American Samos
180
(80)
Puerto Rico
Notes:
1.
Values are nominal design 3-second gust wind speeds in miles per hour (m/s) at 33 ft (10 m) above ground for Exposure C category.
2. Linear interpolation is permitted between the contours. Point values are provided to aid with interpolation.
3. Islands, coastal areas, and land boundaries outside the last contour shall use the last wind speed contour.
4. Mountainous terrain, gorges, ocean promontories, and special wind regions shall be examined for unusual wind conditions.
5. Wind speeds correspond to approximately a 7% probability of exceedance in 50 years (Annual Exceedance Probability = 0.00143, MRI = 700
Years).
6. Location-specific basic wind speeds shall be permitted to be determined using www.atcouncil.org./windspeed when applicable to ASCE 7.
FIGURE 1609.3(3)
BASIC DESIGN WIND SPEEDS, V, FOR RISK CATEGORY IV BUILDINGS AND OTHER STRUCTURES
136
Puerto Rico Risk Category II Effective Wind Speed Map (mph)
67°20'0"W
67°0'0"W
66°40'0"W
66°20'0"W
66°0'0"W
65°40'0"W
65°20'0"W
18°40'0"N
18°40'0"N
18°20'0"N
18°20'0"N
18°0'0"N
18°0'0"N
Atlantic Ocean
Notes:
1.
There are no contours lines.
2.
Reference the lookup tool on http://hazards.atcouncil.org or the municipality-based maps in Appendix P for location-specific basic wind speed determinations.
3.
It is permitted to use the standard values of Kzₜ of 1.0 and Kd as given in Table 26.6-1 of ASCE 7.
17°40'0"N
17°40'0"N
67°20'0"W
67°0'0"W
66°40'0"W
66°20'0"W
66°0'0"W
65°40'0"W
65°20'0"W
Risk Category II Wind Intervals (mph)
< 140
160-170
N
140-150
< 170
0
10
20
40 Miles
150-160
FIGURE 1609.3(9)
137
BASIC DESIGN WIND SPEEDS, V, FOR RISK CATEGORY II BUILDINGS AND OTHER STRUCTURES (PUERTO RICO)
Puerto Rico Risk Category III Effective Wind Speed Map (mph)
67°20'0"W
67°0'0"W
66°40'0"W
66°20'0"W
66°0'0"W
65°40'0"W
65°20'0"W
18°40'0"N
18°40'0"N
18°20'0"N
18°20'0"N
18°0'0"N
18°0'0"N
Atlantic Ocean
Notes:
1.
There are no contours lines.
2.
Reference the lookup tool on http://hazards.atcouncil.org or the municipality-based maps in Appendix P for location-specific basic wind speed determinations.
3.
It is permitted to use the standard values of Kzₜ of 1.0 and Kd as given in Table 26.6-1 of ASCE 7.
17°40'0"N
17°40'0"N
67°20'0"W
67°0'0"W
66°40'0"W
66°20'0"W
66°0'0"W
65°40'0"W
65°20'0"W
Risk Category III Wind Intervals (mph)
< 140
160-170
N
0
10
20
40 Miles
140-150
170-180
150-160
> 180
FIGURE 1609.3(10)
138
BASIC DESIGN WIND SPEEDS, V, FOR RISK CATEGORY III BUILDINGS AND OTHER STRUCTURES (PUERTO RICO)
Puerto Rico Risk Category IV Effective Wind Speed Map (mph)
67°20'0"W
67°0'0"W
66°40'0"W
66°20'0"W
66°0'0"W
65°40'0"W
65°20'0"W
18°40'0"N
18°40'0"N
18°20'0"N
18°20'0"N
18°0'0"N
18°0'0"N
Atlantic Ocean
Notes:
1.
There are no contours lines.
2.
Reference the lookup tool on http://hazards.atcouncil.org or the municipality-based maps in Appendix P for location-specific basic wind speed
determinations.
17°40'0"N
3.
It is permitted to use the standard values of Kzₜ of 1.0 and Kd as given in Table 26.6-1 of ASCE 7.
17°40'0"N
67°20'0"W
67°0'0"W
66°40'0"W
66°20'0"W
66°0'0"W
65°40'0"W
65°20'0"W
Risk Category IV Wind Intervals (mph)
< 140
170-180
N
140-150
180-190
0
10
20
40 Miles
150-160
> 190
160-170
FIGURE 1609.3(11)
139
BASIC DESIGN WIND SPEEDS, V, FOR RISK CATEGORY IV BUILDINGS AND OTHER STRUCTURES (PUERTO RICO)
Puerto Rico Risk Category I Effective Wind Speed Map (mph)
67°20'0"W
67°0'0"W
66°40'0"W
66°20'0"W
66°0'0"W
65°40'0"W
65°20'0"W
18°40'0"N
18°40'0"N
18°20'0"N
18°20'0"N
18°0'0"N
18°0'0"N
Atlantic Ocean
Notes:
1.
There are no contours lines.
2.
Reference the lookup tool on http://hazards.atcouncil.org or the municipality-based maps in Appendix P for location-specific basic wind speed
determinations.
17°40'0"N
3.
It is permitted to use the standard values of Kzₜ of 1.0 and Kd as given in Table 26.6-1 of ASCE 7.
17°40'0"N
67°20'0"W
67°0'0"W
66°40'0"W
66°20'0"W
66°0'0"W
65°40'0"W
65°20'0"W
Risk Category I Wind Intervals (mph)
< 140
140-150
N
150-160
0
10
20
40 Miles
> 160
140
FIGURE 1609.3(12)
BASIC DESIGN WIND SPEEDS, V, FOR RISK CATEGORY I BUILDINGS AND OTHER STRUCTURES (PUERTO RICO)