230-RICR-20-25-8
230-RICR-20-25-8. Valuation of Life Insurance Policies (version Technical Revision, 08/26/2010 to 01/04/2022)
8.1 Purpose
A. The purpose of this Part is to provide:
1. Tables
of select mortality factors and rules for their use;
2. Rules concerning a minimum standard for
the valuation of plans with nonlevel premiums or benefits; and
3. Rules
concerning a minimum standard for the valuation of plans with
secondary guarantees.
B. The method for calculating basic
reserves defined in this Part will constitute the Commissioners’
Reserve Valuation Method for policies to which this Part is
applicable.
8.2 Authority
This Part is issued under the authority of
R.I. Gen. Laws § 27-4.5-11.
8.3 Applicability
A. This Part shall apply to all life
insurance policies, with or without nonforfeiture values, issued on
or after the effective date of this Part, subject to the following
exceptions and conditions.
B. Exceptions
1. This
Part shall not apply to any individual life insurance policy issued
on or after the effective date of this Part if the policy is issued
in accordance with and as a result of the exercise of a reentry
provision contained in the original life insurance policy of the same
or greater face amount, issued before the effective date of this
Part, that guarantees the premium rates of the new policy. This Part
also shall not apply to subsequent policies issued as a result of the
exercise of such a provision, or a derivation of the provision, in
the new policy.
2. This
Part shall not apply to any universal life policy that meets all the
following requirements:
a. Secondary guarantee period, if any, is
five (5) years or less;
b. Specified premium for the secondary
guarantee period is not less than the net level reserve premium for
the secondary guarantee period based on the CSO valuation tables as
defined in § 8.4(F) of this Part and
the applicable valuation interest rate; and
c. The initial surrender charge is not less
than 100 percent of the first year annualized specified premium for
the secondary guarantee period.
3. This
Part shall not apply to any variable life insurance policy that
provides for life insurance, the amount or duration of which varies
according to the investment experience of any separate account or
accounts.
4. This
of this Part shall not apply to any variable universal life insurance
policy that provides for life insurance, the amount or duration of
which varies according to the investment experience of any separate
account or accounts.
5. This
Part shall not apply to a group life insurance certificate unless the
certificate provides for a stated or implied schedule of maximum
gross premiums required in order to continue coverage in force for a
period in excess of one year.
C. Conditions
1. Calculation
of the minimum valuation standard for policies with guaranteed
nonlevel gross premiums or guaranteed nonlevel benefits (other than
universal life policies), or both, shall be in accordance with the
provisions of § 8.6 of this Part.
2. Calculation
of the minimum valuation standard for flexible premium and fixed
premium universal life insurance policies, that contain provisions
resulting in the ability of a policyholder to keep a policy in force
over a secondary guarantee period shall be in accordance with the
provisions of § 8.7 of this Part.
8.4 Definitions
A. For purposes of this Part:
1. “Basic
reserves” means reserves calculated in accordance with R.I. Gen.
Laws § 27-4.5-5.
2. “Contract
segmentation method” means the method of dividing the period from
issue to mandatory expiration of a policy into successive segments,
with the length of each segment being defined as the period from the
end of the prior segment (from policy inception, for the first
segment) to the end of the latest policy year as determined below.
All calculations are made using the 1980 CSO valuation tables, as
defined in Subsection 6 of this section, (or any other valuation
mortality table adopted by the National Association of Insurance
Commissioners (NAIC) after the effective date of this Part and
promulgated by Part by the commissioner for this purpose), and, if
elected, the optional minimum mortality standard for deficiency
reserves stipulated in § 8.5(B) of this Part.
a. The length of a particular contract
segment shall be set equal to the minimum of the value t for which Gt
is greater than Rt (if Gt never exceeds Rt the segment length is
deemed to be the number of years from the beginning of the segment to
the mandatory expiration date of the policy), where Gt and Rt are
defined as follows:
=
where:
x
= original issue age;
k
= the number of years from the date of issue to the beginning of
the segment;
t
= 1, 2, ...; t is reset to 1 at the beginning of each segment;
GPx+k+t-1
= Guaranteed gross premium per thousand of face amount for year t
of the segment, ignoring policy fees only if level for the premium
paying period of the policy.
=
,
However,
Rt may be increased or decreased by one percent in any policy
year, at the company’s option, but Rt shall not be less than
one;
where:
x,
k and t are as defined above, and
qx+k+t-1
= valuation mortality rate for deficiency reserves in policy year
k+t but using the mortality of § 8.5(B)(2) if § 8.5B(3) is
elected for deficiency reserves.
However,
if GPx+k+t is greater than 0 and GPx+k+t-1 is equal to 0, Gt shall
be deemed to be 1000. If GPx+k+t and GPx+k+t-1 are both equal to
0, Gt shall be deemed to be 0.
3. “Deficiency
reserves” means the excess, if greater than zero, of
a. Minimum reserves calculated in
accordance with R.I. Gen. Laws § 27-4.5-8, over
b. Basic reserves.
4. “Guaranteed
gross premiums” means the premiums under a policy of life insurance
that are guaranteed and determined at issue.
5. “Maximum
valuation interest rates” means the interest rates defined in R.I.
Gen. Laws § 27-4.5-4.1 (Computation of Minimum Standard by Calendar
Year of Issue) that are to be used in determining the minimum
standard for the valuation of life insurance policies.
6. “1980
CSO valuation tables” means the Commissioners’ 1980 Standard
Ordinary Mortality Table (1980 CSO Table) without ten-year selection
factors, incorporated into the 1980 amendments to the NAIC Standard
Valuation Law, and variations of the 1980 CSO Table approved by the
NAIC, such as the smoker and nonsmoker versions approved in December
1983.
7. “Scheduled
gross premium” means the smallest illustrated gross premium at
issue for other than universal life insurance policies. For
universal life insurance policies, scheduled gross premium means the
smallest specified premium described in § 8.7(A)(3) of this Part, if
any, or else the minimum premium described in § 8.7(A)(4) of this
Part.
8. “Segmented
reserves” means reserves, calculated using segments produced by the
contract segmentation method, equal to the present value of all
future guaranteed benefits less the present value of all future net
premiums to the mandatory expiration of a policy, where the net
premiums within each segment are a uniform percentage of the
respective guaranteed gross premiums within the segment. The uniform
percentage for each segment is such that, at the beginning of the
segment, the present value of the net premiums within the segment
equals:
a. The present value of the death benefits
within the segment, plus
b. The present value of any unusual
guaranteed cash value (see § 8.6(D) of this Part) occurring at the
end of the segment, less
c. Any unusual guaranteed cash value
occurring at the start of the segment, plus
d. For the first segment only, the excess
of the Item (1) over Item (2), as follows:
(1) A
net level annual premium equal to the present value, at the date of
issue, of the benefits provided for in the first segment after the
first policy year, divided by the present value, at the date of
issue, of an annuity of one per year payable on the first and each
subsequent anniversary within the first segment on which a premium
falls due. However, the net level annual premium shall not exceed
the net level annual premium on the nineteen-year premium whole life
plan of insurance of the same renewal year equivalent level amount at
an age one year higher than the age at issue of the policy.
(2) A
net one year term premium for the benefits provided for in the first
policy year.
e. The length of each segment is determined
by the “contract segmentation method,” as defined in this
section.
f. The interest rates used in the present
value calculations for any policy may not exceed the maximum
valuation interest rate, determined with a guarantee duration equal
to the sum of the lengths of all segments of the policy.
g. For both basic reserves and deficiency
reserves computed by the segmented method, present values shall
include future benefits and net premiums in the current segment and
in all subsequent segments.
9. “Tabular
cost of insurance” means the net single premium at the beginning of
a policy year for one-year term insurance in the amount of the
guaranteed death benefit in that policy year.
10. “Ten-year
select factors” means the select factors adopted with the 1980
amendments to the NAIC Standard Valuation Law.
11. “Unitary
reserves” means the present value of all future guaranteed benefits
less the present value of all future modified net premiums, where:
a Guaranteed benefits and modified net
premiums are considered to the mandatory expiration of the policy;
and
b. Modified net premiums are a uniform
percentage of the respective guaranteed gross premiums, where the
uniform percentage is such that, at issue, the present value of the
net premiums equals the present value of all death benefits and pure
endowments, plus the excess of Item (1) over Item (2), as follows:
(1) A
net level annual premium equal to the present value, at the date of
issue, of the benefits provided for after the first policy year,
divided by the present value, at the date of issue, of an annuity of
one per year payable on the first and each subsequent anniversary of
the policy on which a premium falls due. However, the net level
annual premium shall not exceed the net level annual premium on the
nineteen-year premium whole life plan of insurance of the same
renewal year equivalent level amount at an age one year higher than
the age at issue of the policy.
(2) A
net one year term premium for the benefits provided for in the first
policy year.
c. The interest rates used in the present
value calculations for any policy may not exceed the maximum
valuation interest rate, determined with a guarantee duration equal
to the length from issue to the mandatory expiration of the policy.
12. “Universal
life insurance policy” means any individual life insurance policy
under the provisions of which separately identified interest credits
(other than in connection with dividend accumulations, premium
deposit funds, or other supplementary accounts) and mortality or
expense charges are made to the policy.
8.5 General Calculation
Requirements for Basic Reserves and Premium Deficiency Reserves
A. At the election of the company for any
one or more specified plans of life insurance, the minimum mortality
standard for basic reserves may be calculated using the 1980 CSO
valuation tables with select mortality factors (or any other
valuation mortality table adopted by the NAIC after the effective
date of this Part and promulgated by the commissioner for this
purpose). If select mortality factors are elected, they may be:
1 The
ten-year select mortality factors incorporated into the 1980
amendments to the NAIC Standard Valuation Law;
2 The
select mortality factors in § 8.8 of this Part; or
3 Any
other table of select mortality factors adopted by the NAIC after the
effective date of this Part and promulgated by the commissioner for
the purpose of calculating basic reserves.
B. Deficiency reserves, if any, are
calculated for each policy as the excess, if greater than zero, of
the quantity A over the basic reserve. The quantity A is obtained by
recalculating the basic reserve for the policy using guaranteed gross
premiums instead of net premiums when the guaranteed gross premiums
are less than the corresponding net premiums. At the election of the
company for any one or more specified plans of insurance, the
quantity A and the corresponding net premiums used in the
determination of quantity A may be based upon the 1980 CSO valuation
tables with select mortality factors (or any other valuation
mortality table adopted by the NAIC after the effective date of this
Part and promulgated by the commissioner). If select mortality
factors are elected, they may be:
1. The
ten-year select mortality factors incorporated into the 1980
amendments to the NAIC Standard Valuation Law;
2. The
select mortality factors in § 8.8 of this Part,
3. For
durations in the first segment, X percent of the select mortality
factors in § 8.8 of this Part, subject to the following:
a. X may vary by policy year, policy form,
underwriting classification, issue age, or any other policy factor
expected to affect mortality experience;
b. X is such that, when using the valuation
interest rate used for basic reserves, Item (1) is greater than or
equal to Item (2);
(1) The
actuarial present value of future death benefits, calculated using
the mortality rates resulting from the application of X;
(2) The
actuarial present value of future death benefits calculated using
anticipated mortality experience without recognition of mortality
improvement beyond the valuation date;
c. X is such that the mortality rates
resulting from the application of X are at least as great as the
anticipated mortality experience, without recognition of mortality
improvement beyond the valuation date, in each of the first five
years after the valuation date;
d. The appointed actuary shall increase X
at any valuation date where it is necessary to continue to meet all
the requirements of § 8.5(B)(3) of this Part;
e. The appointed actuary may decrease X at
any valuation date as long as X continues to meet all the
requirements of § 8.5(B)(3) of this Part; and
f. The appointed actuary shall specifically
take into account the adverse effect on expected mortality and
lapsation of any anticipated or actual increase in gross premiums.
g. If X is less than 100 percent at any
duration for any policy, the following requirements shall be met:
(1) The
appointed actuary shall annually prepare an actuarial opinion and
memorandum for the company in conformance with the requirements of §
45-9.5 of this Chapter (Annuity Mortality Table for use in
Determining Reserve Liabilities for Annuities) ;
(2) The
appointed actuary shall disclose, in the Regulatory Asset Adequacy
Issues Summary, the impact of the insufficiency of assets to support
the payment of benefits and expenses and the establishment of
statutory reserves during one or more interim periods; and
(3) The
appointed actuary shall annually opine for all policies subject to
this Part as to whether the mortality rates resulting from the
application of X meet the requirements of § 8.5(B)(3) of this Part.
This opinion shall be supported by an actuarial report, subject to
appropriate Actuarial Standards of Practice promulgated by the
Actuarial Standards Board of the American Academy of Actuaries. The X
factors shall reflect anticipated future mortality, without
recognition of mortality improvement beyond the valuation date,
taking into account relevant emerging experience.
4. Any
other table of select mortality factors adopted by the NAIC after the
effective date of this Part and promulgated by the commissioner for
the purpose of calculating deficiency reserves.
C. This subsection applies to both basic
reserves and deficiency reserves. Any set of select mortality
factors may be used only for the first segment. However, if the
first segment is less than ten years, the appropriate ten-year select
mortality factors incorporated into the 1980 amendments to the NAIC
Standard Valuation Law may be used thereafter through the tenth
policy year from the date of issue.
D. In determining basic reserves or
deficiency reserves, guaranteed gross premiums without policy fees
may be used where the calculation involves the guaranteed gross
premium but only if the policy fee is a level dollar amount after the
first policy year. In determining deficiency reserves, policy fees
may be included in guaranteed gross premiums, even if not included in
the actual calculation of basic reserves.
E. Reserves for policies that have changes
to guaranteed gross premiums, guaranteed benefits, guaranteed
charges, or guaranteed credits that are unilaterally made by the
insurer after issue and that are effective for more than one year
after the date of the change shall be the greatest of the following:
1. reserves
calculated ignoring the guarantee,
2. reserves
assuming the guarantee was made at issue, and
3. reserves
assuming that the policy was issued on the date of the guarantee.
F. The commissioner may require that the
company document the extent of the adequacy of reserves for specified
blocks, including but not limited to policies issued prior to the
effective date of this Part. This documentation may include a
demonstration of the extent to which aggregation with other
non-specified blocks of business is relied upon in the formation of
the appointed actuary opinion pursuant to and consistent with the
requirements of § 45-9.8 of this Chapter (Annuity Mortality Table
for use in Determining Reserve Liabilities for Annuities).
8.6 Calculation of Minimum
Valuation Standard for Policies with Guaranteed Nonlevel Gross
Premiums or Guaranteed Nonlevel Benefits (Other than Universal Life
Policies)
A. Basic Reserves. Basic reserves shall be
calculated as the greater of the segmented reserves and the unitary
reserves. Both the segmented reserves and the unitary reserves for
any policy shall use the same valuation mortality table and selection
factors. At the option of the insurer, in calculating segmented
reserves and net premiums, either of the adjustments described in §§
8.6(A)(1) or (2) of this Part below may be made:
1. Treat
the unitary reserve, if greater than zero, applicable at the end of
each segment as a pure endowment and subtract the unitary reserve, if
greater than zero, applicable at the beginning of each segment from
the present value of guaranteed life insurance and endowment benefits
for each segment.
2. Treat
the guaranteed cash surrender value, if greater than zero, applicable
at the end of each segment as a pure endowment; and subtract the
guaranteed cash surrender value, if greater than zero, applicable at
the beginning of each segment from the present value of guaranteed
life insurance and endowment benefits for each segment.
B. Deficiency Reserves
1. The
deficiency reserve at any duration shall be calculated:
a. On a unitary basis if the corresponding
basic reserve determined by § 8.6(A) of this Part is unitary;
b. On a segmented basis if the
corresponding basic reserve determined by § 8.6(A) of this Part is
segmented; or
c. On the segmented basis if the
corresponding basic reserve determined by § 8.6(A) of this Part is
equal to both the segmented reserve and the unitary reserve.
2. This
subsection shall apply to any policy for which the guaranteed gross
premium at any duration is less than the corresponding modified net
premium calculated by the method used in determining the basic
reserves, but using the minimum valuation standards of mortality
(specified in § 8.5(B) of this Part) and rate of interest.
3. Deficiency
reserves, if any, shall be calculated for each policy as the excess
if greater than zero, for the current and all remaining periods, of
the quantity A over the basic reserve, where A is obtained as
indicated in § 8.5(B) of this Part.
4. For
deficiency reserves determined on a segmented basis, the quantity A
is determined using segment lengths equal to those determined for
segmented basic reserves.
C. Minimum Value. Basic reserves may not
be less than the tabular cost of insurance for the balance of the
policy year, if mean reserves are used. Basic reserves may not be
less than the tabular cost of insurance for the balance of the
current modal period or to the paid‑to‑date, if later,
but not beyond the next policy anniversary, if mid-terminal reserves
are used. The tabular cost of insurance shall use the same valuation
mortality table and interest rates as that used for the calculation
of the segmented reserves. However, if select mortality factors are
used, they shall be the ten-year select factors incorporated into the
1980 amendments of the NAIC Standard Valuation Law. In no case may
total reserves (including basic reserves, deficiency reserves and any
reserves held for supplemental benefits that would expire upon
contract termination) be less than the amount that the policyowner
would receive (including the cash surrender value of the supplemental
benefits, if any, referred to above), exclusive of any deduction for
policy loans, upon termination of the policy.
D. Unusual Pattern of Guaranteed Cash
Surrender Values
1. For
any policy with an unusual pattern of guaranteed cash surrender
values, the reserves actually held prior to the first unusual
guaranteed cash surrender value shall not be less than the reserves
calculated by treating the first unusual guaranteed cash surrender
value as a pure endowment and treating the policy as an n year
policy providing term insurance plus a pure endowment equal to the
unusual cash surrender value, where n is the number of years
from the date of issue to the date the unusual cash surrender value
is scheduled.
2. The
reserves actually held subsequent to any unusual guaranteed cash
surrender value shall not be less than the reserves calculated by
treating the policy as an n year policy providing term
insurance plus a pure endowment equal to the next unusual guaranteed
cash surrender value, and treating any unusual guaranteed cash
surrender value at the end of the prior segment as a net single
premium, where
a. n is the number of years from the
date of the last unusual guaranteed cash surrender value prior to the
valuation date to the earlier of:
(1) The
date of the next unusual guaranteed cash surrender value, if any,
that is scheduled after the valuation date; or
(2) The
mandatory expiration date of the policy; and
b. The net premium for a given year during
the n year period is equal to the product of the net to gross
ratio and the respective gross premium; and
c. The net to gross ratio is equal to Item
(1) divided by Item (2) as follows:
(1) The
present value, at the beginning of the n year period, of death
benefits payable during the n year period plus the present
value, at the beginning of the n year period, of the next
unusual guaranteed cash surrender value, if any, minus the amount of
the last unusual guaranteed cash surrender value, if any, scheduled
at the beginning of the n year period.
(2) The
present value, at the beginning of the n year period, of the
scheduled gross premiums payable during the n year period.
3. For
purposes of this subsection, a policy is considered to have an
unusual pattern of guaranteed cash surrender values if any future
guaranteed cash surrender value exceeds the prior year’s guaranteed
cash surrender value by more than the sum of:
a. One hundred ten percent (110%) of the
scheduled gross premium for that year;
b. One hundred ten percent (110%) of one
year’s accrued interest on the sum of the prior year’s guaranteed
cash surrender value and the scheduled gross premium using the
nonforfeiture interest rate used for calculating policy guaranteed
cash surrender values; and
c. Five percent (5%) of the first policy
year surrender charge, if any.
E. Optional Exemption for Yearly Renewable
Term Reinsurance. At the option of the company, the following
approach for reserves on YRT reinsurance may be used.
1. Calculate
the valuation net premium for each future policy year as the tabular
cost of insurance for that future year.
2. Basic
reserves shall never be less than the tabular cost of insurance for
the appropriate period, as defined in § 8.6(C) of this Part.
3. Deficiency
reserves.
a. For each policy year, calculate the
excess, if greater than zero, of the valuation net premium over the
respective maximum guaranteed gross premium.
b. Deficiency reserves shall never be less
than the sum of the present values, at the date of valuation, of the
excesses determined in accordance with § 8.6(E)(3)(a) of this Part
above.
4. For
purposes of this subsection, the calculations use the maximum
valuation interest rate and the 1980 CSO mortality tables with or
without ten-year select mortality factors, or any other table adopted
after the effective date of this Part by the NAIC and by the
commissioner for this purpose.
5. A
reinsurance agreement shall be considered YRT reinsurance for
purposes of this subsection if only the mortality risk is reinsured.
6. If
the assuming company chooses this optional exemption, the ceding
company’s reinsurance reserve credit shall be limited to the amount
of reserve held by the assuming company for the affected policies.
F. Optional Exemption for
Attained-Age-Based Yearly Renewable Term Life Insurance Policies. At
the option of the company, the following approach for reserves for
attained-age-based YRT life insurance policies may be used:
1. Calculate the valuation net premium for
each future policy year as the tabular cost of insurance for that
future year.
2. Basic reserves shall never be less than
the tabular cost of insurance for the appropriate period, as defined
in § 8.6(C) of this Part.
3. Deficiency reserves.
a. For
each policy year, calculate the excess, if greater than zero, of the
valuation net premium over the respective maximum guaranteed gross
premium.
b. Deficiency
reserves shall never be less than the sum of the present values, at
the date of valuation, of the excesses determined in accordance with
§ 8.6(F)(3)(a) of this Part above.
4. For
purposes of this subsection, the calculations use the maximum
valuation interest rate and the 1980 CSO valuation tables with or
without ten-year select mortality factors, or any other table adopted
after the effective date of this Part by the NAIC and promulgated by
the commissioner for this purpose.
5. A
policy shall be considered an attained-age-based YRT life insurance
policy for purposes of this subsection if:
a. The premium rates (on both the initial
current premium scale and the guaranteed maximum premium scale) are
based upon the attained age of the insured such that the rate for any
given policy at a given attained age of the insured is independent of
the year the policy was issued; and
b. The premium rates (on both the initial
current premium scale and the guaranteed maximum premium scale) are
the same as the premium rates for policies covering all insureds of
the same sex, risk class, plan of insurance and attained age.
6. For
policies that become attained-age-based YRT policies after an initial
period of coverage, the approach of this subsection may be used after
the initial period if:
a. The initial period is constant for all
insureds of the same sex, risk class and plan of insurance; or
b. The initial period runs to a common
attained age for all insureds of the same sex, risk class and plan of
insurance; and
c. After the initial period of coverage,
the policy meets the conditions of § 8.6(F)(5) of this Part above.
7. If
this election is made, this approach shall be applied in determining
reserves for all attained-age-based YRT life insurance policies
issued on or after the effective date of this Part.
G. Exemption from Unitary Reserves for
Certain n -Year Renewable Term Life Insurance Policies. Unitary
basic reserves and unitary deficiency reserves need not be calculated
for a policy if the following conditions are met:
1. The
policy consists of a series of n -year periods, including the
first period and all renewal periods, where n is the same for
each period, except that for the final renewal period, n may
be truncated or extended to reach the expiry age, provided that this
final renewal period is less than 10 years and less than twice the
size of the earlier n -year periods, and for each period, the
premium rates on both the initial current premium scale and the
guaranteed maximum premium scale are level;
2. The
guaranteed gross premiums in all n -year periods are not less
than the corresponding net premiums based upon the 1980 CSO Table
with or without the ten-year select mortality factors; and
3. There
are no cash surrender values in any policy year.
H. Exemption from Unitary Reserves for
Certain Juvenile Policies. Unitary basic reserves and unitary
deficiency reserves need not be calculated for a policy if the
following conditions are met, based upon the initial current premium
scale at issue:
1. At
issue, the insured is age twenty-four (24) or younger;
2. Until
the insured reaches the end of the juvenile period, which shall occur
at or before age twenty-five (25), the gross premiums and death
benefits are level, and there are no cash surrender values; and
3. After
the end of the juvenile period, gross premiums are level for the
remainder of the premium paying period, and death benefits are level
for the remainder of the life of the policy.
8.7. Calculation of Minimum
Valuation Standard for Flexible Premium and Fixed Premium Universal
Life Insurance Policies That Contain Provisions Resulting in the
Ability of a Policyowner to Keep a Policy in Force Over a Secondary
Guarantee Period
A. General
1. Policies
with a secondary guarantee include:
a. A policy with a guarantee that the
policy will remain in force at the original schedule of benefits,
subject only to the payment of specified premiums;
b. A policy in which the minimum premium at
any duration is less than the corresponding one year valuation
premium, calculated using the maximum valuation interest rate and the
1980 CSO valuation tables with or without ten-year select mortality
factors, or any other table adopted after the effective date of this
Part by the NAIC and promulgated by by the commissioner for this
purpose; or
c. A policy with any combination of §§
8.7(A)(1)(a) and (b) of this Part.
2. A
secondary guarantee period is the period for which the policy is
guaranteed to remain in force subject only to a secondary guarantee.
When a policy contains more than one secondary guarantee, the minimum
reserve shall be the greatest of the respective minimum reserves at
that valuation date of each unexpired secondary guarantee, ignoring
all other secondary guarantees. Secondary guarantees that are
unilaterally changed by the insurer after issue shall be considered
to have been made at issue. Reserves described in §§ 8.7(B) and (C)
of this Part below shall be recalculated from issue to reflect these
changes.
3. Specified
premiums mean the premiums specified in the policy, the payment of
which guarantees that the policy will remain in force at the original
schedule of benefits, but which otherwise would be insufficient to
keep the policy in force in the absence of the guarantee if maximum
mortality and expense charges and minimum interest credits were made
and any applicable surrender charges were assessed.
4. For
purposes of this section, the minimum premium for any policy year is
the premium that, when paid into a policy with a zero account value
at the beginning of the policy year, produces a zero account value at
the end of the policy year. The minimum premium calculation shall
use the policy cost factors (including mortality charges, loads and
expense charges) and the interest crediting rate, which are all
guaranteed at issue.
5. The
one-year valuation premium means the net one-year premium based upon
the original schedule of benefits for a given policy year. The
one‑year valuation premiums for all policy years are calculated
at issue. The select mortality factors defined in §§ 8.5(B)(2),
(3), and (4) of this Part may not be used to calculate the one-year
valuation premiums.
6. The
one-year valuation premium should reflect the frequency of fund
processing, as well as the distribution of deaths assumption employed
in the calculation of the monthly mortality charges to the fund.
B. Basic Reserves for the Secondary
Guarantees. Basic reserves for the secondary guarantees shall be the
segmented reserves for the secondary guarantee period. In
calculating the segments and the segmented reserves, the gross
premiums shall be set equal to the specified premiums, if any, or
otherwise to the minimum premiums, that keep the policy in force and
the segments will be determined according to the contract
segmentation method as defined in § 8.4(B) of this Part.
C. Deficiency Reserves for the Secondary
Guarantees. Deficiency reserves, if any, for the secondary guarantees
shall be calculated for the secondary guarantee period in the same
manner as described in § 8.6(B) of this Part with gross premiums
set equal to the specified premiums, if any, or otherwise to the
minimum premiums that keep the policy in force.
D. Minimum Reserves. The minimum reserves
during the secondary guarantee period are the greater of:
1. The
basic reserves for the secondary guarantee plus the deficiency
reserve, if any, for the secondary guarantees; or
2. The
minimum reserves required by other rules or regulations governing
universal life plans.
8.8 Select Mortality Factors
A. This section contains tables of select
mortality factors that are the bases to which the respective
percentage of §§ 8.5(A)(2), 8.5(B)(2) and 8.5(B)(3) of this Part
are applied.
B. The six tables of select mortality
factors contained herein include:
1. male
aggregate,
2. male
nonsmoker,
3. male
smoker,
4. female
aggregate,
5. female
nonsmoker, and
6. female
smoker.
C. These tables apply to both age last
birthday and age nearest birthday mortality tables.
D. For sex-blended mortality tables,
compute select mortality factors in the same proportion as the
underlying mortality. For example, for the 1980 CSO-B Table, the
calculated select mortality factors are eighty percent (80%) of the
appropriate male table in this Appendix, plus twenty percent (20%) of
the appropriate female table in this Appendix.
E. Male, Aggregate
Issue
Duration
Age
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20+
0-15
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
16
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
17
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
18
96
98
98
99
99
100
100
90
92
92
92
92
93
93
96
97
98
98
99
100
19
83
84
84
87
87
87
79
79
79
81
81
82
82
82
85
88
91
94
97
100
20
69
71
71
74
74
69
69
67
69
70
71
71
71
71
74
79
84
90
95
100
21
66
68
69
71
66
66
67
66
67
70
70
70
70
71
71
77
83
88
94
100
22
65
66
66
63
63
64
64
64
65
68
68
68
68
69
71
77
83
88
94
100
23
62
63
59
60
62
62
63
63
64
65
65
67
67
69
70
76
82
88
94
100
24
60
56
56
59
59
60
61
61
61
64
64
64
66
67
70
76
82
88
94
100
25
52
53
55
56
58
58
60
60
60
63
62
63
64
67
69
75
81
88
94
100
26
51
52
55
56
58
58
57
61
61
62
63
64
66
69
66
73
80
86
93
100
27
51
52
55
57
58
60
61
61
60
63
63
64
67
66
67
74
80
87
93
100
28
49
51
56
58
60
60
61
62
62
63
64
66
65
66
68
74
81
87
94
100
29
49
51
56
58
60
61
62
62
62
64
64
62
66
67
70
76
82
88
94
100
30
49
50
56
58
60
60
62
63
63
64
62
63
67
68
71
77
83
88
94
100
31
47
50
56
58
60
62
63
64
64
62
63
66
68
70
72
78
83
89
94
100
32
46
49
56
59
60
62
63
66
62
63
66
67
70
72
73
78
84
89
95
100
33
43
49
56
59
62
63
64
62
65
66
67
70
72
73
75
80
85
90
95
100
34
42
47
56
60
62
63
61
63
66
67
70
71
73
75
76
81
86
90
95
100
35
40
47
56
60
63
61
62
65
67
68
71
73
74
76
76
81
86
90
95
100
36
38
42
56
60
59
61
63
65
67
68
70
72
74
76
77
82
86
91
95
100
37
38
45
56
57
61
62
63
65
67
68
70
72
74
76
76
81
86
90
95
100
38
37
44
53
58
61
62
65
66
67
69
69
73
75
76
77
82
86
91
95
100
39
37
41
53
58
62
63
65
65
66
68
69
72
74
76
76
81
86
90
95
100
40
34
40
53
58
62
63
65
65
66
68
68
71
75
76
77
82
86
91
95
100
41
34
41
53
58
62
63
65
64
64
66
68
70
74
76
77
82
86
91
95
100
42
34
43
53
58
61
62
63
63
63
64
66
69
72
75
77
82
86
91
95
100
43
34
43
54
59
60
61
63
62
62
64
66
67
72
74
77
82
86
91
95
100
44
34
44
54
58
59
60
61
60
61
62
64
67
71
74
77
82
86
91
95
100
45
34
45
53
58
59
60
60
60
59
60
63
66
71
74
77
82
86
91
95
100
46
31
43
52
56
57
58
59
59
59
60
63
67
71
74
75
80
85
90
95
100
47
32
42
50
53
55
56
57
58
59
60
65
68
71
74
75
80
85
90
95
100
48
32
41
47
52
54
56
57
57
57
61
65
68
72
73
74
79
84
90
95
100
49
30
40
46
49
52
54
55
56
57
61
66
69
72
73
74
79
84
90
95
100
50
30
38
44
47
51
53
54
56
57
61
66
71
72
73
75
80
85
90
95
100
51
28
37
42
46
49
53
54
56
57
61
66
71
72
73
75
80
85
90
95
100
52
28
35
41
45
49
51
54
56
57
61
66
71
72
74
75
80
85
90
100
100
53
27
35
39
44
48
51
53
55
57
61
67
71
74
75
76
81
86
100
100
100
54
27
33
38
44
48
50
53
55
57
61
67
72
74
75
76
81
100
100
100
100
55
25
32
37
43
47
50
53
55
57
61
68
72
74
75
78
100
100
100
100
100
56
25
32
37
43
47
49
51
54
56
61
67
70
73
74
100
100
100
100
100
100
57
24
31
38
43
47
49
51
54
56
59
66
69
72
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
58
24
31
38
43
48
48
50
53
56
59
64
67
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
59
23
30
39
43
48
48
51
53
55
58
63
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
60
23
30
39
43
48
47
50
52
53
57
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
61
23
30
39
43
49
49
50
52
53
75
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
62
23
30
39
44
49
49
51
52
75
75
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
63
22
30
39
45
50
50
52
75
75
75
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
64
22
30
39
45
50
51
75
75
75
75
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
65
22
30
39
45
50
65
70
70
70
70
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
66
22
30
39
45
60
65
70
70
70
70
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
67
22
30
39
60
60
65
70
70
70
70
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
68
23
32
55
60
60
65
70
70
70
70
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
69
23
52
55
60
60
65
70
70
70
70
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
70
48
52
55
60
60
65
70
70
70
70
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
71
48
52
55
60
60
65
70
70
70
70
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
72
48
52
55
60
60
65
70
70
70
70
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
73
48
52
55
60
60
65
70
70
70
70
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
74
48
52
55
60
60
65
70
70
70
70
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
75
48
52
55
60
60
65
70
70
70
70
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
76
48
52
55
60
60
65
70
70
70
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
77
48
52
55
60
60
65
70
70
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
78
48
52
55
60
60
65
70
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
79
48
52
55
60
60
65
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
80
48
52
55
60
60
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
81
48
52
55
60
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
82
48
52
55
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
83
48
52
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
84
48
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
85+
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
F. Male, Non-Smoker
Issue
Duration
Age
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20+
0-15
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
16
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
17
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
18
93
95
96
98
99
100
100
90
92
92
92
92
95
95
96
97
98
98
99
100
19
80
81
83
86
87
87
79
79
79
81
81
82
83
83
86
89
92
94
97
100
20
65
68
69
72
74
69
69
67
69
70
71
71
72
72
75
80
85
90
95
100
21
63
66
68
71
66
66
67
66
67
70
70
70
71
71
73
78
84
89
95
100
22
62
65
66
62
63
64
64
64
67
68
68
68
70
70
73
78
84
89
95
100
23
60
62
58
60
62
62
63
63
64
67
68
68
67
69
71
77
83
88
94
100
24
59
55
56
58
59
60
61
61
63
65
67
66
66
69
71
77
83
88
94
100
25
52
53
55
56
58
58
60
60
61
64
64
64
64
67
70
76
82
88
94
100
26
51
53
55
56
58
60
61
61
61
63
64
64
66
69
67
74
80
87
93
100
27
51
52
55
58
60
60
61
61
62
63
64
66
67
66
67
74
80
87
93
100
28
49
52
57
58
60
61
63
62
62
64
66
66
63
66
68
74
81
87
94
100
29
49
51
57
60
61
61
62
62
63
64
66
63
65
67
68
74
81
87
94
100
30
49
51
57
60
61
62
63
63
63
64
62
63
66
68
70
76
82
88
94
100
31
47
50
57
60
60
62
63
64
64
62
63
65
67
70
71
77
83
88
94
100
32
46
50
57
60
62
63
64
64
62
63
65
66
68
71
72
78
83
89
94
100
33
45
49
56
60
62
63
64
62
63
65
66
68
71
73
74
79
84
90
95
100
34
43
48
56
62
63
64
62
62
65
66
67
70
72
74
74
79
84
90
95
100
35
41
47
56
62
63
61
62
63
66
67
68
70
72
74
75
80
85
90
95
100
36
40
47
56
62
59
61
62
63
66
67
68
70
72
74
75
80
85
90
95
100
37
38
45
56
58
59
61
62
63
66
67
67
69
71
73
74
79
84
90
95
100
38
38
45
53
58
61
62
63
65
65
67
68
70
72
74
73
78
84
89
95
100
39
37
41
53
58
61
62
63
64
65
67
68
70
71
73
73
78
84
89
95
100
40
34
41
53
58
61
62
63
64
64
66
67
69
71
73
72
78
83
89
94
100
41
34
41
53
58
61
61
62
62
63
65
65
67
69
71
71
77
83
88
94
100
42
34
43
53
58
60
61
62
61
61
63
64
66
67
69
71
77
83
88
94
100
43
32
43
53
58
60
61
60
60
60
60
62
64
66
68
69
75
81
88
94
100
44
32
44
52
57
59
60
60
59
59
58
60
62
65
67
69
75
81
88
94
100
45
32
44
52
57
59
60
59
57
57
57
59
61
63
66
68
74
81
87
94
100
46
32
42
50
54
56
57
57
56
55
56
59
61
63
65
67
74
80
87
93
100
47
30
40
48
52
54
55
55
54
54
55
59
61
62
63
66
73
80
86
93
100
48
30
40
46
49
51
52
53
53
54
55
57
61
62
63
63
70
78
85
93
100
49
29
39
43
48
50
51
50
51
53
54
57
61
61
62
62
70
77
85
92
100
50
29
37
42
45
47
48
49
50
51
54
57
61
61
61
61
69
77
84
92
100
51
27
35
40
43
45
47
48
50
51
53
57
60
61
61
62
70
77
85
92
100
52
27
34
39
42
44
45
48
49
50
53
56
60
60
62
62
70
77
85
100
100
53
25
31
37
41
44
45
47
49
50
51
56
59
61
61
62
70
77
100
100
100
54
25
30
36
39
43
44
47
48
49
51
55
59
59
61
62
70
100
100
100
100
55
24
29
35
38
42
43
45
48
49
50
56
58
59
61
62
100
100
100
100
100
56
23
29
35
38
42
42
44
47
48
50
55
57
58
59
100
100
100
100
100
100
57
23
28
35
38
42
42
43
45
47
49
53
55
56
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
58
22
28
33
37
41
41
43
45
45
47
51
53
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
59
22
26
33
37
41
41
42
44
44
46
50
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
60
20
26
33
37
41
40
41
42
42
45
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
61
20
26
33
37
41
40
41
42
42
75
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
62
19
25
32
38
40
40
41
42
75
75
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
63
19
25
33
36
40
40
41
75
75
75
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
64
18
24
32
36
39
40
75
75
75
75
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
65
18
24
32
36
39
65
70
70
70
70
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
66
18
24
32
36
60
65
70
70
70
70
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
67
18
24
32
60
60
65
70
70
70
70
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
68
18
24
55
60
60
65
70
70
70
70
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
69
18
52
55
60
60
65
70
70
70
70
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
70
48
52
55
60
60
65
70
70
70
70
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
71
48
52
55
60
60
65
70
70
70
70
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
72
48
52
55
60
60
65
70
70
70
70
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
73
48
52
55
60
60
65
70
70
70
70
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
74
48
52
55
60
60
65
70
70
70
70
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
75
48
52
55
60
60
65
70
70
70
70
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
76
48
52
55
60
60
65
70
70
70
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
77
48
52
55
60
60
65
70
70
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
78
48
52
55
60
60
65
70
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
79
48
52
55
60
60
65
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
80
48
52
55
60
60
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
81
48
52
55
60
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
82
48
52
55
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
83
48
52
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
84
48
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
85+
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
G. Male, Smoker
Issue
Duration
Age
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20+
0-15
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
16
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
17
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
18
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
19
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
20
98
100
100
100
100
100
100
99
99
99
100
99
99
99
100
100
100
100
100
100
21
95
98
99
100
95
96
96
95
96
97
97
96
96
96
96
97
98
98
99
100
22
92
95
96
90
90
93
93
92
93
95
95
93
93
92
93
94
96
97
99
100
23
90
92
85
88
88
89
89
89
90
90
90
90
89
90
92
94
95
97
98
100
24
87
81
82
85
84
86
88
86
86
88
88
86
86
88
89
91
93
96
98
100
25
77
78
79
82
81
83
83
82
83
85
84
84
84
85
86
89
92
94
97
100
26
75
77
79
82
82
83
83
82
83
84
84
84
84
85
81
85
89
92
96
100
27
73
75
78
82
82
83
83
82
82
82
82
84
84
80
81
85
89
92
96
100
28
71
73
79
82
81
82
83
81
81
82
82
82
80
80
81
85
89
92
96
100
29
69
72
78
81
81
82
82
81
81
81
81
77
80
80
81
85
89
92
96
100
30
68
71
78
81
81
81
82
81
81
81
76
77
80
80
81
85
89
92
96
100
31
65
70
77
81
79
81
82
81
81
76
77
79
81
81
83
86
90
93
97
100
32
63
67
77
78
79
81
81
81
76
77
77
80
83
83
85
88
91
94
97
100
33
60
65
74
78
79
79
81
76
77
77
79
80
83
85
85
88
91
94
97
100
34
57
62
74
77
79
79
75
76
77
79
79
81
83
85
87
90
92
95
97
100
35
53
60
73
77
79
75
75
76
77
79
80
82
84
86
88
90
93
95
98
100
36
52
59
71
75
74
75
75
76
77
79
79
81
83
85
87
90
92
95
97
100
37
49
58
70
71
74
74
75
76
77
78
79
81
84
86
86
89
92
94
97
100
38
48
55
66
70
72
74
74
75
76
78
79
81
83
85
87
90
92
95
97
100
39
45
50
65
70
72
72
74
74
75
77
79
81
84
86
86
89
92
94
97
100
40
41
49
63
68
71
72
73
74
74
76
78
80
83
85
86
89
92
94
97
100
41
40
49
63
68
71
72
72
72
73
75
76
78
81
84
85
88
91
94
97
100
42
40
49
62
68
70
71
71
71
71
73
75
76
81
83
85
88
91
94
97
100
43
39
50
62
67
69
69
70
70
70
71
73
76
79
83
85
88
91
94
97
100
44
39
50
60
66
68
69
68
69
69
69
71
74
79
81
85
88
91
94
97
100
45
37
50
60
66
68
68
68
67
67
67
69
73
78
81
85
88
91
94
97
100
46
37
48
58
63
65
67
66
66
66
67
71
74
78
81
84
87
90
94
97
100
47
36
47
55
61
63
64
64
64
65
67
71
75
79
81
84
87
90
94
97
100
48
35
46
53
58
60
62
63
63
65
67
72
75
79
81
83
86
90
93
97
100
49
34
45
51
56
58
59
61
62
63
67
72
77
80
81
83
86
90
93
97
100
50
34
43
49
53
55
57
60
61
63
67
73
78
80
81
81
85
89
92
96
100
51
32
42
47
52
55
57
60
61
63
67
73
78
80
83
84
87
90
94
97
100
52
32
40
46
50
54
56
60
61
63
67
73
78
81
84
85
88
91
94
100
100
53
30
37
44
49
54
56
59
61
65
67
74
79
83
85
87
90
92
100
100
100
54
30
36
43
48
53
55
59
61
65
67
74
80
84
85
89
91
100
100
100
100
55
29
35
42
47
53
55
59
61
65
67
75
80
84
86
90
100
100
100
100
100
56
28
35
42
47
53
55
57
60
63
68
74
79
83
85
100
100
100
100
100
100
57
28
35
42
47
53
54
57
60
64
67
74
78
81
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
58
26
33
43
48
54
54
56
59
63
67
73
78
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
59
26
33
43
48
54
53
57
59
63
66
73
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
60
25
33
43
48
54
53
56
58
62
66
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
61
25
33
43
49
55
55
57
59
63
75
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
62
25
33
43
50
56
56
58
61
75
75
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
63
24
33
45
51
56
56
59
75
75
75
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
64
24
34
45
51
57
57
75
75
75
75
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
65
24
34
45
52
57
65
70
70
70
70
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
66
24
35
45
53
60
65
70
70
70
70
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
67
25
35
45
60
60
65
70
70
70
70
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
68
25
36
55
60
60
65
70
70
70
70
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
69
27
52
55
60
60
65
70
70
70
70
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
70
48
52
55
60
60
65
70
70
70
70
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
71
48
52
55
60
60
65
70
70
70
70
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
72
48
52
55
60
60
65
70
70
70
70
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
73
48
52
55
60
60
65
70
70
70
70
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
74
48
52
55
60
60
65
70
70
70
70
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
75
48
52
55
60
60
65
70
70
70
70
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
76
48
52
55
60
60
65
70
70
70
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
77
48
52
55
60
60
65
70
70
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
78
48
52
55
60
60
65
70
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
79
48
52
55
60
60
65
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
80
48
52
55
60
60
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
81
48
52
55
60
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
82
48
52
55
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
83
48
52
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
84
48
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
85+
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
H. Female, Aggregate
Issue
Duration
Age
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20+
0-15
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
16
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
17
99
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
93
95
96
97
97
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
18
83
83
84
84
84
84
86
78
78
79
82
84
85
88
88
90
93
95
98
100
19
65
66
68
68
68
68
63
63
64
66
69
71
72
74
75
80
85
90
95
100
20
48
50
51
51
51
47
48
48
49
51
56
57
58
61
63
70
78
85
93
100
21
47
48
50
51
47
47
48
49
51
53
57
60
61
64
64
71
78
86
93
100
22
44
47
48
45
47
47
48
49
53
54
60
61
63
64
66
73
80
86
93
100
23
42
45
44
45
47
47
49
51
53
54
61
64
64
67
69
75
81
88
94
100
24
39
40
42
44
47
47
50
51
54
56
64
64
66
69
70
76
82
88
94
100
25
34
38
41
44
47
47
50
53
56
57
64
67
69
71
73
78
84
89
95
100
26
34
38
41
45
49
49
51
56
58
59
66
69
70
73
70
76
82
88
94
100
27
34
38
41
47
50
51
54
57
59
60
69
70
73
70
71
77
83
88
94
100
28
34
37
43
47
53
53
56
59
62
63
70
73
70
72
74
79
84
90
95
100
29
34
38
43
49
54
56
58
60
63
64
73
70
72
74
75
80
85
90
95
100
30
35
38
43
50
56
56
59
63
66
67
70
71
74
75
76
81
86
90
95
100
31
35
38
43
51
56
58
60
64
67
65
71
72
74
75
76
81
86
90
95
100
32
35
39
45
51
56
59
63
66
65
66
72
72
75
76
76
81
86
90
95
100
33
36
39
44
52
58
62
64
65
66
67
72
74
75
76
76
81
86
90
95
100
34
36
40
45
52
58
63
63
66
67
68
74
74
76
76
76
81
86
90
95
100
35
36
40
45
53
59
61
65
67
68
70
75
74
75
76
75
80
85
90
95
100
36
36
40
45
53
55
62
65
67
68
70
74
74
74
75
75
80
85
90
95
100
37
36
41
47
52
57
62
65
67
68
69
72
72
73
75
74
79
84
90
95
100
38
34
41
44
52
57
63
66
68
69
70
72
71
72
74
75
80
85
90
95
100
39
34
40
45
53
58
63
66
68
69
69
70
70
70
73
74
79
84
90
95
100
40
32
40
45
53
58
65
65
67
68
69
70
69
70
73
73
78
84
89
95
100
41
32
40
45
53
57
63
64
67
68
68
69
69
69
73
74
79
84
90
95
100
42
32
40
45
52
56
61
63
65
66
68
69
68
70
74
75
80
85
90
95
100
43
31
39
45
51
55
59
61
65
65
66
68
69
69
74
77
82
86
91
95
100
44
31
39
45
50
54
58
61
63
64
66
67
68
71
75
78
82
87
91
96
100
45
31
38
44
49
53
56
59
62
63
65
67
68
71
77
79
83
87
92
96
100
46
29
37
43
48
51
54
59
62
63
65
67
69
71
77
78
82
87
91
96
100
47
28
35
41
46
49
54
57
61
62
66
68
69
71
77
77
82
86
91
95
100
48
28
35
41
44
49
52
57
61
63
66
68
71
72
75
77
82
86
91
95
100
49
26
34
39
43
47
52
55
61
63
67
69
71
72
75
75
80
85
90
95
100
50
25
32
38
41
46
50
55
61
63
67
69
72
72
75
74
79
84
90
95
100
51
25
32
38
41
45
50
55
61
63
66
68
69
71
74
74
79
84
90
95
100
52
23
30
36
41
45
51
56
61
62
65
66
68
68
73
73
78
84
89
100
100
53
23
30
36
41
47
51
56
61
62
63
65
66
68
72
72
78
83
100
100
100
54
22
29
35
41
47
53
57
61
61
62
62
66
66
69
70
76
100
100
100
100
55
22
29
35
41
47
53
57
61
61
61
62
63
64
68
69
100
100
100
100
100
56
22
29
35
41
45
51
56
59
60
61
62
63
64
67
100
100
100
100
100
100
57
22
29
35
41
45
50
54
56
58
59
61
62
63
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
58
22
30
36
41
44
49
53
56
57
57
61
62
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
59
22
30
36
41
44
48
51
53
55
56
59
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
60
22
30
36
41
43
47
50
51
53
55
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
61
22
29
35
39
42
46
49
50
52
80
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
62
20
28
33
39
41
45
47
49
80
80
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
63
20
28
33
38
41
44
46
80
80
80
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
64
19
27
32
36
40
42
80
80
80
80
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
65
19
25
30
35
39
72
75
75
80
80
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
66
19
25
30
35
72
72
75
75
80
80
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
67
19
25
30
72
72
72
75
75
80
80
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
68
19
25
68
72
72
72
75
75
80
80
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
69
19
64
68
72
72
72
75
75
80
80
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
70
60
60
64
68
68
72
75
75
80
80
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
71
60
60
64
68
68
72
75
75
80
80
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
72
60
60
64
68
68
72
75
75
80
80
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
73
60
60
64
68
68
72
75
75
80
80
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
74
60
60
64
68
68
72
75
75
80
80
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
75
60
60
64
68
68
72
75
75
80
80
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
76
60
60
64
68
68
72
75
75
80
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
77
60
60
64
68
68
72
75
75
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
78
60
60
64
68
68
72
75
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
79
60
60
64
68
68
72
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
80
60
60
64
68
68
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
81
60
60
64
68
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
82
60
60
64
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
83
60
60
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
84
60
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
85+
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
I.
Female, Non-Smoker
Issue
Duration
Age
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20+
0-15
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
16
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
17
96
98
98
98
98
99
99
99
92
92
93
95
95
97
99
99
99
100
100
100
18
78
80
80
80
80
81
81
74
75
75
78
79
82
83
85
88
91
94
97
100
19
60
62
63
63
63
65
59
59
60
60
64
67
67
70
72
78
83
89
94
100
20
42
44
45
45
45
42
42
42
45
45
50
51
53
56
58
66
75
83
92
100
21
41
42
44
45
41
42
42
44
47
47
51
53
54
57
59
67
75
84
92
100
22
39
41
44
41
41
42
44
45
49
49
54
56
57
58
60
68
76
84
92
100
23
38
41
38
40
41
42
44
46
49
50
56
57
58
60
62
70
77
85
92
100
24
36
36
38
40
41
42
46
47
50
51
58
59
60
62
63
70
78
85
93
100
25
32
34
37
40
41
43
46
49
51
53
59
60
62
63
64
71
78
86
93
100
26
32
34
37
41
43
45
47
50
53
53
60
62
63
64
62
70
77
85
92
100
27
32
34
38
43
46
47
49
51
53
55
62
63
64
62
62
70
77
85
92
100
28
30
34
39
43
47
49
51
53
56
58
63
63
61
62
63
70
78
85
93
100
29
30
35
40
45
50
51
52
55
58
59
64
61
62
63
63
70
78
85
93
100
30
31
35
40
46
51
52
53
56
59
60
62
62
63
65
65
72
79
86
93
100
31
31
35
40
46
51
53
55
58
60
58
62
62
63
65
65
72
79
86
93
100
32
32
35
40
45
51
53
56
59
57
58
62
63
63
65
64
71
78
86
93
100
33
32
36
41
47
52
55
58
55
58
59
63
63
65
65
65
72
79
86
93
100
34
33
36
41
47
52
55
55
57
58
59
63
65
64
65
64
71
78
86
93
100
35
33
36
41
47
52
53
57
58
59
61
63
64
64
64
64
71
78
86
93
100
36
33
36
41
47
49
53
57
58
59
61
63
64
63
64
63
70
78
85
93
100
37
32
36
41
44
49
53
57
58
59
60
62
62
61
62
63
70
78
85
93
100
38
32
37
39
45
50
54
57
58
60
60
61
61
61
62
61
69
77
84
92
100
39
30
35
39
45
50
54
57
58
60
59
60
60
59
60
61
69
77
84
92
100
40
28
35
39
45
50
54
56
57
59
59
60
59
59
59
60
68
76
84
92
100
41
28
35
39
45
49
52
55
55
58
57
58
59
58
59
60
68
76
84
92
100
42
27
35
39
44
49
52
54
55
56
57
57
57
58
60
61
69
77
84
92
100
43
27
34
39
44
47
50
53
53
55
55
56
57
56
60
61
69
77
84
92
100
44
26
34
38
42
47
50
52
53
54
55
55
55
56
61
62
70
77
85
92
100
45
26
33
38
42
45
48
51
51
52
53
54
55
56
61
62
70
77
85
92
100
46
24
32
37
40
43
47
49
51
52
53
54
55
56
60
61
69
77
84
92
100
47
24
30
35
39
42
45
47
49
51
53
54
55
56
59
60
68
76
84
92
100
48
23
30
35
37
40
44
47
49
50
53
54
55
55
59
57
66
74
83
91
100
49
23
29
33
35
39
42
45
48
50
53
54
55
55
57
56
65
74
82
91
100
50
21
27
32
34
37
41
44
48
50
53
54
55
55
56
55
64
73
82
91
100
51
21
26
30
34
37
41
44
48
49
51
53
53
54
55
55
64
73
82
91
100
52
20
25
30
33
37
41
44
47
48
50
50
51
51
55
53
62
72
81
100
100
53
19
24
29
32
37
41
43
47
48
48
49
49
51
52
52
62
71
100
100
100
54
18
24
29
32
37
41
43
45
47
47
47
49
49
51
51
61
100
100
100
100
55
18
23
28
32
37
41
43
45
45
45
46
46
47
50
50
100
100
100
100
100
56
18
23
28
32
36
39
42
44
44
45
46
46
46
49
100
100
100
100
100
100
57
18
23
28
31
35
38
41
42
44
44
45
45
46
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
58
17
23
26
31
35
36
38
41
41
42
45
45
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
59
17
23
26
30
33
35
38
39
40
41
44
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
60
17
23
26
30
32
34
36
38
39
40
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
61
17
22
25
29
32
33
35
36
38
80
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
62
16
22
25
28
30
32
34
35
80
80
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
63
16
20
24
28
30
32
34
80
80
80
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
64
14
21
24
27
29
30
80
80
80
80
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
65
15
19
23
25
28
72
75
75
80
80
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
66
15
19
23
25
72
72
75
75
80
80
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
67
15
19
22
72
72
72
75
75
80
80
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
68
13
18
68
72
72
72
75
75
80
80
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
69
13
64
68
72
72
72
75
75
80
80
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
70
60
60
64
68
68
72
75
75
80
80
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
71
60
60
64
68
68
72
75
75
80
80
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
72
60
60
64
68
68
72
75
75
80
80
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
73
60
60
64
68
68
72
75
75
80
80
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
74
60
60
64
68
68
72
75
75
80
80
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
75
60
60
64
68
68
72
75
75
80
80
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
76
60
60
64
68
68
72
75
75
80
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
77
60
60
64
68
68
72
75
75
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
78
60
60
64
68
68
72
75
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
79
60
60
64
68
68
72
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
80
60
60
64
68
68
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
81
60
60
64
68
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
82
60
60
64
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
83
60
60
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
84
60
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
85+
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
J. Female, Smoker
Issue
Duration
Age
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20+
0-15
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
16
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
17
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
18
99
100
100
100
100
100
100
95
96
97
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
19
87
89
92
92
92
92
84
84
86
86
92
93
95
96
99
99
99
100
100
100
20
74
77
80
80
80
73
73
73
75
77
83
83
86
88
90
92
94
96
98
100
21
71
74
78
78
71
71
73
74
77
79
85
86
88
89
90
92
94
96
98
100
22
68
71
75
70
71
71
73
74
78
79
88
90
89
89
92
94
95
97
98
100
23
65
69
67
70
70
70
73
77
79
81
89
90
90
92
92
94
95
97
98
100
24
62
60
64
69
70
70
74
77
79
81
92
90
92
93
93
94
96
97
99
100
25
53
58
63
67
69
70
74
78
81
82
92
93
93
95
95
96
97
98
99
100
26
53
58
63
69
71
72
75
79
82
82
93
93
95
96
90
92
94
96
98
100
27
52
56
63
70
74
74
78
81
82
84
93
95
95
90
90
92
94
96
98
100
28
52
56
64
71
75
77
79
82
85
86
95
95
90
92
92
94
95
97
98
100
29
51
56
64
71
78
78
81
84
86
88
95
90
90
92
92
94
95
97
98
100
30
51
56
64
72
79
79
82
85
88
89
90
90
92
93
93
94
96
97
99
100
31
51
56
64
72
78
81
84
84
88
84
90
90
92
93
93
94
96
97
99
100
32
51
56
64
71
78
81
85
86
84
85
90
90
92
94
93
94
96
97
99
100
33
51
57
62
71
78
82
85
83
84
85
90
92
93
93
93
94
96
97
99
100
34
51
56
62
71
78
82
81
83
85
86
90
92
92
94
93
94
96
97
99
100
35
51
56
62
71
78
79
83
84
85
86
90
91
91
93
93
94
96
97
99
100
36
49
56
62
71
74
79
83
84
85
86
90
90
91
93
92
94
95
97
98
100
37
48
55
62
67
74
79
83
84
85
86
89
90
89
92
91
93
95
96
98
100
38
47
55
57
66
72
77
81
84
86
86
87
88
88
90
91
93
95
96
98
100
39
45
50
57
66
72
77
81
83
85
86
86
87
86
89
90
92
94
96
98
100
40
41
50
57
66
72
77
81
83
84
85
86
86
86
89
89
91
93
96
98
100
41
40
50
57
65
71
76
79
81
83
84
85
86
85
89
90
92
94
96
98
100
42
40
49
57
65
69
74
77
80
82
83
84
85
86
90
92
94
95
97
98
100
43
39
49
55
63
69
73
76
78
80
82
83
84
85
92
93
94
96
97
99
100
44
39
48
55
62
67
71
75
78
80
80
82
84
86
93
96
97
98
98
99
100
45
37
47
55
61
65
70
73
76
78
80
81
84
86
94
97
98
98
99
99
100
46
36
46
53
59
63
68
71
75
77
79
83
85
86
93
96
97
98
98
99
100
47
34
44
51
57
62
66
70
75
77
80
83
85
86
93
94
95
96
98
99
100
48
34
44
50
54
60
64
69
74
77
80
84
86
87
92
92
94
95
97
98
100
49
33
42
48
53
58
63
68
74
77
81
84
86
87
92
91
93
95
96
98
100
50
31
41
46
51
57
61
67
74
77
81
85
87
87
91
90
92
94
96
98
100
51
30
39
45
51
56
61
67
74
75
80
83
85
85
90
90
92
94
96
98
100
52
29
38
45
50
56
62
68
74
75
79
81
83
84
90
90
92
94
96
100
100
53
28
37
43
49
57
62
68
73
74
77
79
81
83
89
89
91
93
100
100
100
54
28
36
43
49
57
63
69
73
74
75
78
80
81
87
89
91
100
100
100
100
55
26
35
42
49
57
63
69
73
73
74
76
78
79
86
87
100
100
100
100
100
56
26
35
42
49
56
62
67
71
72
74
76
78
79
85
100
100
100
100
100
100
57
26
35
42
49
55
61
66
69
72
73
76
78
79
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
58
28
36
43
49
55
59
63
68
69
72
76
78
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
59
28
36
43
49
54
57
63
67
68
70
76
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
60
28
36
43
49
53
57
61
64
67
69
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
61
26
35
42
48
52
56
59
63
66
80
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
62
26
33
41
47
51
55
58
62
80
80
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
63
25
33
41
46
51
55
57
80
80
80
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
64
25
33
40
45
50
53
80
80
80
80
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
65
24
32
39
44
49
72
75
75
80
80
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
66
24
32
39
44
72
72
75
75
80
80
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
67
24
32
39
72
72
72
75
75
80
80
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
68
24
32
68
72
72
72
75
75
80
80
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
69
24
64
68
72
72
72
75
75
80
80
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
70
60
60
64
68
68
72
75
75
80
80
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
71
60
60
64
68
68
72
75
75
80
80
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
72
60
60
64
68
68
72
75
75
80
80
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
73
60
60
64
68
68
72
75
75
80
80
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
74
60
60
64
68
68
72
75
75
80
80
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
75
60
60
64
68
68
72
75
75
80
80
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
76
60
60
64
68
68
72
75
75
80
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
77
60
60
64
68
68
72
75
75
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
78
60
60
64
68
68
72
75
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
79
60
60
64
68
68
72
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
80
60
60
64
68
68
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
81
60
60
64
68
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
82
60
60
64
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
83
60
60
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
84
60
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
85+
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100