Article 1 — Definitions.

In this chapter, unless the context otherwise requires: (1) “Accuser” means a person who signs and swears to charges, any person who directs that charges nominally be signed and sworn to by another, and any other person who has an interest other than an official interest in the prosecution of the accused. (2) “Cadet,” “candidate,” or “midshipman” means a person who is enrolled in or attending a state military academy, a regional training institute, or any other formal education program for the purpose of becoming a commissioned officer in a state military force. (3) “Classified information” means any of the following: (a) Any information or material that has been determined by an official of the United States or any state subject to law, an executive order, or regulation to require protection against unauthorized disclosure for reasons of state security or national defense or foreign relations of the United States. (b) Any restricted data, as defined in 42 USC 2014 (y). (5) “Commanding officer” includes only commissioned officers of the state military forces and shall include officers in charge only when administering nonjudicial punishment under s. 322.015. The term ‘commander’ has the same meaning as ‘commanding officer’ unless the context otherwise requires. (6) “Convening authority” includes, in addition to the person who convened the court, a commissioned officer commanding for the time being or a successor in command to the convening authority. (7) “Day” means calendar day and is not synonymous with the term “unit training assembly.” Any punishment authorized by this code which is measured in terms of days shall, when served in a status other than annual field training, be construed to mean succeeding duty days. (8) “Duty status other than state active duty” means any other type of duty including unit training assemblies or drills but excludes duty not in federal service and not full-time duty in the active service of the state; under an order issued by authority of law and includes travel to and from duty. (9) “Enemy” includes organized forces of the enemy in time of war, any hostile body that U.S. or state forces may be opposing, such as a rebellious mob or band of renegades, and includes civilians as well as members of military organizations. Enemy is not restricted to the enemy government or its armed forces. (10) “Enlisted member” means a person in an enlisted grade. (11) “Forfeiture” means a permanent loss of entitlement to pay or allowances and any forfeiture under this code is not a forfeiture for purposes of Article X, section 2, of the Wisconsin constitution. (12) “Judge advocate” means a commissioned officer of the organized state military forces who is an attorney licensed to practice in this state or a member in good standing of the bar of the highest court of another state, and is any of the following: (a) Certified or designated as a judge advocate in the Judge Advocate General’s Corps of the army, air force, navy, or the marine corps or designated as a law specialist as an officer of the coast guard, or a reserve component of one of these. (b) Certified as an non-federally recognized judge advocate, under regulations promulgated subject to this provision, by the senior judge advocate of the commander of the force in the state military force of which the accused is a member, as competent to perform military justice duties required by this code. If there is no judge advocate available, then certification may be made by the senior judge advocate of the commander of another force in the state military forces, as the convening authority directs. (13) “Military court” means a court of inquiry under s. 322.135 or a court-martial. (14) “Military judge” means an official of a general or special court-martial detailed under s. 322.026. (15) “Military offenses” means those offenses prescribed under articles 77, principals; 78, accessory after the fact; 80, attempts; 81, conspiracy; 82, solicitation; 83, fraudulent enlistment, appointment, or separation; 84, unlawful enlistment, appointment, or separation; 85, desertion; 86, absence without leave; 87, missing movement; 88, contempt toward officials; 89, disrespect towards superior commissioned officer; 90, assaulting or willfully disobeying superior commissioned officer; 91, insubordinate conduct toward warrant officer, noncommissioned officer, or petty officer; 92, failure to obey order or regulation; 93, cruelty and maltreatment; 93a, prohibited activities with military recruit or trainee by a person in a position of special trust; 94, mutiny or sedition; 95, resistance, flight, breach of arrest, and escape; 96, releasing prisoner without proper authority; 97, unlawful detention; 98, noncompliance with procedural rules; 99, misbehavior before the enemy; 100, subordinate compelling surrender; 101, improper use of countersign; 102, forcing a safeguard; 103, captured or abandoned property; 104, aiding the enemy; 105, misconduct as prisoner; 107, false official statements; 108, military property — loss, damage, destruction, or wrongful disposition; 109, property other than military property — waste, spoilage, or destruction; 110, improper hazarding of vessel; 111, drunken or reckless operation of a vehicle, aircraft, or vessel; 112, drunk on duty; 112a, wrongful use, or possession of controlled substances; 113, misbehavior of sentinel; 114, dueling; 115, malingering; 116, riot or breach of peace; 117, provoking speeches or gestures; 132, frauds against the government; 132a, retaliation; 133, conduct unbecoming an officer; 134, general; and 134h, sexual harassment; of this code. (17) “Officer” means a commissioned or warrant officer. (18) “Officer in charge” means a member of the naval militia, the navy, the marine corps, or the coast guard as designated by appropriate authority. (19) “Record,” when used in connection with the proceedings of a court-martial, means any of the following: (a) An official written transcript, written summary, or other writing relating to the proceedings. (b) An official audiotape, videotape, digital image or file, or similar material from which sound, or sound and visual images, depicting the proceedings may be reproduced. (20) “Senior force commander” means the commander of the same force of the state military forces as the accused. (21) “Senior force judge advocate” means the senior judge advocate of the commander of the same force of the state military forces as the accused and who is that commander’s chief legal advisor. (22) “State active duty” means full-time duty in the state military forces under an order of the governor or otherwise issued by authority of law, and paid by state funds, and includes travel to and from duty. (23) “State military forces” means the Wisconsin army and air national guard, the national guard, as defined in 32 USC 101, the state defense force, the organized naval militia of the state, and any other military force organized under the Constitution and laws of the state, but does not include the unorganized militia. “State military forces” does not include the national guard when under a status subjecting them to jurisdiction under 10 USC ch. 47. (24) “Superior commissioned officer” means a commissioned officer superior in rank or command. (24m) “This code” means this chapter. (25) “Unit training assembly” means an assembly for drill and instruction which may consist of a single ordered formation of a company, battery, squadron, or detachment, or, when authorized by the commander, a series of ordered formations of those organizations. History: 2007 a. 200; 2009 a. 179; 2013 a. 201; 2023 a. 47.