HAR §4-41-51. Standards for Hawaii-grown oranges

(a) As used in this section: "Acid" means grams of acid calculated as anhydrous citric acid per one hundred milliliter of juice as determined by titration with sodium hydroxide solution using phenolphthalein as the indicator. "Clean" means free from dirt or other foreign material. "Damage" means any of the following specific defects, or an equally objectionable variation of any one of these defects, any other defect, or any combination of defects, which materially detracts from §4-41- 41-96 the appearance, or the edible or shipping quality of the oranges: (1) Ammoniation, when not occurring as light speck type similar to melanose; (2) Creasing, when the skin is materially weakened; (3) Discoloration, when light golden brown and affecting more than twenty-five per cent of the surface (lighter shades caused by superficial scars or other means may affect a greater area and darker shades shall affect a lesser area, provided no discoloration caused by melanose or other means may affect the appearance to a greater extent than the light golden brown discoloration allowed); (4) Dryness or mushy condition, when affecting all segments of the fruit more than one- fourth inch at the stem end or a greater area is affected in other portions of the fruit; (5) Green spots or oil spots, when more than five spots are present or when aggregating an area more than three-fourths inch in diameter on an orange three inches in diameter (smaller fruits shall have a lesser number or lesser area of spots and larger fruits may have more, provided appearance is not affected to a greater extent than by spots permitted on a three-inch orange); (6) Ricey or woody flesh, when fairly excessive hand pressure is required to extract the juice; (7) Scab, when not classifiable as discoloration and appreciably affects shape or texture; (8) Scales, when more than twenty scales are present on a fruit three inches in diameter (smaller fruits shall have less scales and larger fruits may have more, provided appearance is not affected to a greater extent than by scales permitted on a three-inch orange); (9) Scars, when not smooth, or shallow or fairly shallow and detracts from appearance to a greater extent than the amount of discoloration permitted in the grade; (10) Split, rough, or protruding navel, when the split is unhealed, or more than three well healed splits are present, or the split is more than one-fourth inch long, or the navel is three cornered, star shaped, or any other §4-41- 41-97 irregular shape and has an opening so wide and a navel growth so folded and ridged that appearance is materially affected, or the navel flares, bulges, or protrudes beyond the general contour of the orange to render the fruit subject to mechanical injury during normal handling or packing; (11) Sunburn, when more than twenty-five per cent of the surface is affected, or the skin is appreciably flattened, dry, darkened, or hard; or (12) Thorn scratches, when not well healed, or hard, light colored, concentrated, and aggregating an area more than one-fourth inch in diameter, or slight, light colored, concentrated, and aggregating an area more than one inch in diameter, or dark or scattered and detracting from appearance to a greater extent than from the other conditions in this paragraph. "Diameter" means the greatest dimension measured at right angles to a line from the stem to the blossom end of the fruit. "Fairly well formed" means the orange is not appreciably elongated, pointed, lopsided, or otherwise deformed. "Fairly smooth texture" means the skin is fairly thin and not coarse for the variety and size of the fruit. "Fairly well colored" means ten per cent of the area of the fruit that is not discolored is yellow or orange in color. "Firm" means the orange is not soft, or noticeably wilted or flabby. "Injury" means any of the following specific defects, or an equally objectionable variation of any one of these defects, any other defect, or any combination of defects, which appreciably detracts from the appearance, or the edible or shipping quality of the oranges: (1) Ammoniation, when more than slightly affecting appearance; (2) Creasing, when the skin is slightly weakened; (3) Discoloration, when light golden brown and affecting more than ten per cent of the surface (lighter shades caused by superficial scars or other means may affect a greater area and darker shades shall affect a lesser §4-41- 41-98 area, provided no discoloration caused by melanose or other means may affect appearance to a greater extent than the light golden brown discoloration allowed); (4) Green spots or oil spots, when more than slightly affecting appearance; (5) Scab, when not classifiable as discoloration and affects shape or texture more than slightly; (6) Scales, when more than ten scales are present on a fruit three inches in diameter (smaller fruits shall have less scales and larger fruits may have more, provided appearance is not affected to a greater extent than by scales permitted on a three-inch orange); (7) Scars, when depressed, or not smooth, or detracts from appearance to a greater extent than the amount of discoloration permitted in the grade; (8) Split, rough, or protruding navel, when the navel protrudes beyond the general contour of the orange, or the navel is flush with the general contour but has an opening so wide and a navel growth so folded and ridged that appearance is noticeably affected; or (9) Thorn scratches, when more than slight, or not well healed, or more unsightly than the discoloration allowed in the grade. "Mature" means the orange has reached the stage of development which will insure proper completion of the ripening process. "Reasonably well colored" means a yellow or orange color predominates over the green color over one-fourth of that portion of the fruit surface that is not discolored. "Serious damage" means any of the following specific defects, or an equally objectionable variation of any one of these defects, any other defect, or any combination of defects, which seriously detracts from the appearance, or the edible or shipping quality of the oranges: (1) Ammoniation, when dark and aggregating an area more than three-fourths inch in diameter, or light colored and aggregating an area more than one and one-fourth inches in diameter, or scars are cracked; (2) Buckskin, when more than twenty-five per cent of the surface is affected, or fruit texture is seriously affected; §4-41- 41-99 (3) Creasing, when so deep and extensive that the skin is seriously weakened; (4) Discoloration, when light golden brown and affecting more than fifty per cent of the surface (lighter shades caused by superficial scars or other means may affect a greater area and darker shades shall affect a lesser area, provided no discoloration caused by melanose or other means may affect appearance to a greater extent than the light golden brown discoloration allowed); (5) Dryness or mushy condition, when affecting all segments of the fruit more than one-half inch at the stem end or a greater area is affected in other portions of the fruit; (6) Green spots or oil spots, when seriously affecting appearance; (7) Ricey or woody flesh, when excessive hand pressure is required to extract the juice; (8) Scab, when not classifiable as discoloration and materially affects shape or texture; (9) Scales, when more than forty scales are present on a fruit three inches in diameter (smaller fruits shall have less scales and larger fruits may have more, provided appearance is not affected to a greater extent than by scales permitted on a three- inch orange); (10) Scars, when very deep, or not fairly smooth, or not very deep but detracts from appearance to a greater extent than the amount of discoloration permitted in the grade; (11) Split, rough, or protruding navel, when the split is unhealed, or one well healed split is at each corner of an irregular navel and these aggregate more than one inch in length or exceed four in number or any one is more than one-half inch long, or any irregular navel has an opening so wide and a navel growth so badly folded and ridged that appearance is seriously affected, or the navel protrudes beyond the general contour of the orange to render the fruit subject to mechanical injury during normal grading, handling, or packing; (12) Sprayburn, when seriously affecting appearance, or the affected area is hard, or §4-41- 41-100 light brown and aggregating an area more than one and one-fourth inches in diameter; (13) Sunburn, when more than one-third of the surface is affected, or the affected area is hard, or the fruit is decidedly one sided, or light brown and aggregating an area more than one and one-half inches in diameter; or (14) Thorn scratches, when not well healed, or hard, light colored, concentrated, and aggregating an area more than one-half inch in diameter, or slight, light colored, concentrated, and aggregating an area more than one and one-half inches in diameter, or dark or scattered and detracts from the appearance to a greater extent than from the other conditions in this paragraph. "Similar varietal characteristics" means the oranges are similar in color and shape. "Slightly rough texture" means the skin is not materially ridged, grooved, or wrinkled. "Smooth texture" means the skin is thin and smooth for the variety and size of fruit. "Soluble solids" means the refractometric sucrose value of the juice obtained in accordance with the refractometric method for sugar and sugar products. "Well colored" means fifty per cent of the area of the fruit that is not discolored is yellow or orange in color. "Well formed" means the orange has the shape characteristic of the variety. "Well trimmed" means the buttons are attached and are shorter than one-eighth inch in length. (b) Hawaii Fancy (Hawaii Grade AA) orange consists of Hawaii-grown oranges of similar varietal characteristics which are firm, well formed, clean, well colored, mature, smooth textured, and well trimmed; which are free from bruises, unhealed cuts, buckskin or similar type discoloration, decay, growth cracks, sprayburn, undeveloped or sunken segments, and sprouting; and which are free from injury caused by ammoniation, bird pecks, creasing, discoloration, green spots or oil spots, pitting, scab, scale, scars, thorn scratches, or split, rough, or protruding navel and from damage caused by dryness or mushy condition, sunburn, ricey or woody flesh, disease, insects, or mechanical or other means. The lot shall average not less than ten per cent soluble solids and one-half of one per cent acid. In order to allow for variations incident to §4-41- 41-101 proper grading, sizing, and handling, the following tolerances, based on count, are provided: (1) For defects, not more than a total of ten per cent of the oranges in any lot may fail to meet the requirements of this grade, provided not more than one-half of this amount, or five per cent, shall be allowed for oranges seriously damaged by any cause, including not more than one per cent affected by decay; and (2) For off-size, not more than a total of ten per cent of the oranges in any lot may vary from the size specified, provided not more than three-tenths of this amount, or three per cent, may be under the specified size. (c) Hawaii No. 1 (Hawaii Grade A) orange consists of Hawaii-grown oranges of similar varietal characteristics which are firm, well formed, clean, fairly well colored, mature, fairly smooth textured, and well trimmed; which are free from bruises, unhealed cuts, buckskin or similar type discoloration, decay, growth cracks, sprayburn, undeveloped or sunken segments, and sprouting; and which are free from damage caused by ammoniation, bird pecks, creasing, discoloration, green spots or oil spots, pitting, scab, scale, scars, split or rough or protruding navel, thorn scratches, sunburn, dryness or mushy condition, ricey or woody flesh, disease, insects, or mechanical or other means. The lot shall average not less than nine per cent soluble solids and one-half of one per cent acid. In order to allow for variations incident to proper grading, sizing, and handling, the following tolerances, based on count, are provided: (1) For defects, not more than a total of ten per cent of the oranges in any lot may fail to meet the requirements of this grade, provided not more than one-half of this amount, or five per cent, shall be allowed for oranges seriously damaged by any cause, including not more than one per cent affected by decay; and (2) For off-size, not more than a total of ten per cent of the oranges in any lot may vary from the size specified, provided not more than three-tenths of this amount, or three per cent, may be under the size specified. (d) Hawaii No. 1 Bronze (Hawaii Grade A Bronze) orange consists of Hawaii-grown oranges that meet all the requirements of Hawaii No. 1 (Hawaii Grade A) §4-41- 41-102 orange, except for discoloration. In this grade, at least ninety per cent, by count, of the oranges shall show more than ten per cent discoloration but not including dark, rough, or deep scars, green spots, caked melanose or ammoniation, pitting, or similar defects. The tolerances for this grade are the same as for Hawaii No. 1 (Hawaii Grade A) orange. (e) Hawaii No. 2 (Hawaii Grade B) orange consists of Hawaii-grown oranges of similar varietal characteristics which are firm, fairly well formed, clean, reasonably well colored, mature, not more than slightly rough textured, and well trimmed; which are free from bruises, unhealed cuts, decay, growth cracks, undeveloped or sunken segments, and sprouting; and which are free from serious damage caused by ammoniation, bird pecks, creasing, discoloration, green spots or oil spots, pitting, scab, scale, scars, split or rough or protruding navel, thorn scratches, sunburn, dryness or mushy condition, ricey or woody flesh, disease, insects, buckskin, sprayburn, or mechanical or other means. The lot shall average not less than eight and one-half per cent soluble solids and one-half of one per cent acid. In order to allow for variations incident to proper grading, sizing, and handling, the following tolerances, based on count, are provided: (1) For defects, not more than a total of ten per cent of the oranges in any lot may fail to meet the requirements of this grade, provided not more than one-tenth of this amount, or one per cent, may be affected by decay; and (2) For off-size, not more than a total of ten per cent of the oranges in any lot may vary from the size specified, provided not more than three-tenths of this amount, or three per cent, may be under the size specified. (f) Size of oranges in any container shall be specified in connection with the grade, based on the following size classifications: (1) Small, wherein each orange shall measure less than two and one-half inches in diameter; (2) Medium, wherein each orange shall measure from two and one-half to three inches in diameter; or (3) Large, wherein each orange shall measure over three inches in diameter. [Eff 5/29/81; am and comp 8/18/83; am and comp 3/24/86] (Auth: HRS §147-4) (Imp: HRS §147-4) §4-41- 41-103