HAR §4-41-56. Standards for Hawaii-grown potatoes

(a) As used in this section: "Clean and bright" means practically free from dirt or other foreign material, and the outer skin §4-41- 41-115 (epidermis) has the attractive color typical of the variety. "Damage" means any of the following specific defects, or an equally objectionable variation of any one of these defects, any other defect, or any combination of defects, which materially detracts from the appearance, or the edible or shipping quality of the potatoes, or any defect which cannot be removed without a loss of more than five per cent of the total weight of the potato, including the peel covering the defective area: (1) Air cracks, when deep or when shallow but materially affecting appearance; (2) Dirt, when the individual potato is badly caked with dirt or badly stained, or the appearance of the lot in general is more than slightly dirty or stained or is materially affected by the presence of foreign matter; (3) External discoloration, when skinned areas are discolored to the extent that appearance is materially affected; (4) Pitted scab, when affecting appearance to a greater extent than the amount of surface scab permitted; (5) Sprouting, when more than ten per cent of the potatoes have sprouts over three-fourths inch long; (6) Surface scab, when aggregating more than five per cent of the surface; or (7) Wireworm, when any hole on a six to eight ounce potato is longer than three-fourths inch or when the aggregate length of all holes exceeds one and one-fourth inches (smaller potatoes shall have lesser amounts and larger potatoes may have greater amounts, provided the removal of the defect by proper trimming does not cause appearance to be affected to a greater extent than that caused by proper trimming of such defect permitted on a six to eight ounce potato). "Diameter" means the greatest dimension taken at right angles to the longitudinal axis, without regard to the position of the stem end. "Fairly well shaped" means the potato is not materially pointed, dumbbell-shaped, or otherwise materially deformed; or the general appearance of the potatoes in a container or lot is not materially §4-41- 41-116 affected by the presence of materially pointed, dumbbell-shaped, or otherwise deformed potatoes. "Injury" means any defect or combination of defects which appreciably detracts from the appearance, or the edible or shipping quality of the potatoes, or which cannot be removed without a loss of more than two per cent of the total weight of the potato, including the peel covering the defective area. "Internal discoloration" means any discoloration (except blackheart) caused by necrosis, stem end browning, internal brown spot, or other similar types of discoloration not externally visible. "Mature" means the outer skin (epidermis) does not loosen or "feather" readily during ordinary handling and practically no skin has been removed from the potato. "Serious damage" means any of the following specific defects, or any equally objectionable variation of any one of these defects, any other defect, or any combination of defects, which seriously detracts from the appearance, or the edible or shipping quality of the potatoes, or any defect which cannot be removed without a loss of more than ten per cent of the total weight of the potato, including the peel covering the defective area: (1) External discoloration, when skinned areas are discolored to the extent that appearance is seriously affected; (2) Fairly smooth cuts, when both ends are clipped, or more than one-fourth of the potato is cut away, or in the case of long varieties, the remaining portion of the clipped potato weighs less than six ounces; (3) Pitted scab, when affecting appearance to a greater extent than the amount of surface scab permitted; (4) Shriveling, when excessively shriveled, spongy, or flabby; (5) Surface scab, when aggregating more than fifty per cent of the surface; or (6) Wireworm, when any hole on a six to eight ounce potato is longer than one and one- fourth inches or when the aggregate length of all holes exceeds two inches (smaller potatoes shall have lesser amounts and larger potatoes may have greater amounts, provided the removal of the defect by proper trimming does not cause appearance to be affected to a greater extent than that caused by proper §4-41- 41-117 trimming of such defect permitted on a six to eight ounce potato). "Seriously misshapen" means the potato is seriously pointed, dumbbell-shaped, or otherwise badly deformed. "Similar varietal characteristics" means the potatoes in any lot have the same general shape, color and character of skin, and color of flesh. "Soft rot or wet breakdown" means any soft, mushy, or leaky condition of the tissue. "Well shaped" means the normal shape for the variety and the potato is not tapered, pointed, dumbbell-shaped, elongated, or otherwise appreciably deformed. (b) Hawaii Fancy (Hawaii Grade AA) potato consists of Hawaii-grown potatoes of similar varietal characteristics which are well shaped, not frozen, firm, mature, clean, and bright; and which are free from freezing injury, blackheart, late blight, southern bacterial wilt, ring rot, soft rot or wet breakdown, shriveling, hollow heart, sprouting, sunburn, and internal discoloration and from injury caused by second growth, growth cracks, air cracks, cuts, scab, dry rot, rhizoctonia or other diseases, wireworm or other insects, or mechanical or other means. The potatoes shall be not less than two inches in diameter. In addition, for long varieties, not less than forty per cent of the potatoes in any lot shall be six ounces or more in weight; and for round and intermediate shape varieties, not less than sixty per cent of the potatoes in any lot shall be two and one-fourth inches or larger in diameter. Size of potatoes may be specified in connection with the grade in terms of minimum diameter or minimum weight, or in terms of maximum diameter or maximum weight, or in terms of a certain percentage over a certain size, but in no case shall the potatoes be below the size specified for this grade. (c) Hawaii No. 1 (Hawaii Grade A) potato consists of Hawaii-grown potatoes of similar varietal characteristics which are fairly well shaped, not frozen, and firm; and which are free from freezing injury, blackheart, late blight, southern bacterial wilt, ring rot, soft rot or wet breakdown, shriveling, and hollow heart and from damage caused by second growth, growth cracks, air cracks, cuts, scab, dry rot, rhizoctonia or other diseases, wireworm or other insects, internal discoloration, external discoloration, sprouting, sunburn, dirt or other §4-41- 41-118 foreign matter, or mechanical or other means. Unless otherwise specified, the potatoes shall be not less than one and seven-eighths inches in diameter. Size of potatoes may be specified in connection with the grade in terms of minimum diameter or minimum weight, or in terms of maximum diameter or maximum weight, or interms of a certain percentage over or under a certain size. (d) Hawaii No. 2 (Hawaii Grade B) potato consists of Hawaii-grown potatoes of similar varietal characteristics which are not seriously misshapen nor frozen; which are free from freezing injury, blackheart, late blight, southern bacterial wilt, ring rot, and soft rot or wet breakdown; and which are free from damage caused by dirt or other foreign material and from serious damage caused by second growth, growth cracks, air cracks, cuts, scab, dry rot or other diseases, wireworm or other insects, sunburn, internal discoloration, external discoloration, hollow heart, shriveling, or mechanical or other means. Unless otherwise specified, potatoes shall be not less than one and seven-eighths inches in diameter. Size of potatoes may be specified in connection with the grade in terms of minimum diameter or minimum weight, or in terms of maximum diameter or maximum weight, or in terms of a certain percentage over or under a certain size. (e) In order to allow for variations incident to proper grading, sizing, and handling, the following tolerances, based on weight, are provided: (1) For defects, not more than a total of six per cent of the potatoes in any lot may fail to meet the requirements of the grade specified, provided not more than one-half of this amount, or three per cent, shall be allowed for potatoes affected by southern bacterial wilt, ring rot, or late blight, including not more than one per cent for frozen potatoes or potatoes affected by soft rot or wet breakdown; and (2) For off-size, not more than three per cent of the potatoes in any lot may fail to meet the specified minimum size (except a five per cent tolerance for undersize shall be allowed for potatoes packed to meet a minimum size of two and one-fourth inches or more in diameter, or six ounces or more in weight), and not more than ten per cent of the potatoes in any lot may be larger than the specified maximum size. §4-41- 41-119 (f) Size of potatoes in any container or lot may be specified in connection with Hawaii No. 1 potato and Hawaii No. 2 potato grades, based on the following size classifications: (1) Size A, which shall consist for long variety potatoes, not less than forty per cent of the potatoes in any lot weighing six ounces or more, and for round or intermediate shaped varieties, not less than sixty per cent of the potatoes in any lot with diameters two and one-fourth inches or larger; and (2) Size B, which shall consist of potatoes that are one and one-half inches to not more than two inches in diameter. (g) Potatoes in any lot may be classified as to the degree of skinning based on the following skinning classifications: (1) "Practically no skinning", when not more than five per cent of the potatoes have more than one-tenth of the skin missing or feathered; (2) "Slightly skinned", when not more than ten per cent of the potatoes have more than one- fourth of the skin missing or feathered; (3) "Moderately skinned", when not more than ten per cent of the potatoes have more than one- half of the skin missing or feathered; or (4) "Badly skinned", when more than ten per cent of the potatoes in any lot have more than one-half of the skin missing or feathered. [Eff 5/29/81; am and comp 8/18/83; am and comp 3/24/86] (Auth: HRS §147-4) (Imp: HRS §147-4) §4-41-57 Standards for Hawaii-grown sweet potatoes. (a) As applied to this section: "Badly misshapen" means the sweet potato is so curved, crooked, constricted, ridged, or otherwise misshapen that its appearance is seriously affected, or there is a loss of more than ten per cent of the total weight of the sweet potato in the ordinary preparation for use. "Damage" means any of the following specific defects, or an equally objectionable variation of any one of these defects, any other defect, or any combination of defects, which materially detracts from the appearance, or the edible or shipping quality of the sweet potato, or any defect, except shape, which §4-41- 41-120 cannot be removed without a loss of more than five per cent of the total weight of the sweet potato, including the peel covering the defective area: (1) Grass root, wireworm, weevil, or similar injury, when any hole is longer than three- fourths inch on a six to eight ounce sweet potato, or when the aggregate length of all holes is more than one and one-fourth inches (smaller potatoes shall have proportionately lesser amounts and larger potatoes may have greater amounts, provided the removal of the defect by proper trimming does not affect appearance of the sweet potato to a greater extent than the proper trimming of such defect on a six to eight ounce sweet potato); (2) Growth cracks, when materially affecting appearance of the individual sweet potato or the general appearance of the lot; (3) Scurf, when the general appearance of the lot is materially affected, or more than one- fourth of the surface of the individual sweet potato is affected by a solid, light brown discoloration (lighter shades of discoloration may be permitted over a greater area and darker shades shall be restricted to a lesser area, provided that no discoloration shall be permitted which affects the appearance of the sweet potato to a greater extent than the amount of solid light brown discoloration permitted); (4) Secondary rootlets, when the appearance of the individual sweet potato is badly affected or the general appearance of the lot is materially affected; or (5) Sprouts, when more than ten per cent of the sweet potatoes have sprouts over three- fourths inch long. "Diameter" means the distance across the smallest round opening through which the sweet potato will pass. "Fairly clean" means the individual sweet potato is not noticeably caked with dirt and the lot is reasonably free from dirt or foreign material. "Fairly smooth" means the sweet potato is not prominently veined and is free from other defects which cause a roughness to the extent that its appearance is materially affected. "Fairly well shaped" means the sweet potato is not so curved, crooked, constricted, ridged, or otherwise misshapen that its appearance is materially affected, §4-41- 41-121 or there is a loss of more than five per cent of the total weight of the sweet potato in the ordinary preparation for use. "Firm" means not flabby or shriveled. "Injury" means any of the following specific defects, or an equally objectionable variation of any one of these defects, any other defect, or any combination of defects, which appreciably detracts from the appearance, or the edible or shipping quality of the sweet potato, or any defect, except shape, which cannot be removed without a loss of more than two per cent of the total weight of the sweet potato, including the peel covering the defective area: (1) Scurf, when the general appearance of the lot is appreciably affected, or more than one- eighth of the surface of the individual sweet potato is affected by a solid, light brown discoloration (lighter shades of discoloration may be permitted over a greater area and darker shades shall be restricted to a lesser area, provided that no discoloration shall be permitted which affects the appearance of the sweet potato to a greater extent than the amount of solid light brown discoloration permitted); or (2) Secondary rootlets, when more than five short rootlets are present or when a lesser number of longer rootlets affect appearance to a greater extent than five short rootlets. "More than slightly dirty" means the individual sweet potato is badly caked with dirt, or the appearance of the lot is seriously affected by sweet potatoes caked with dirt. "Serious damage" means any of the following specific defects, or an equally objectionable variation of any one of these defects, any other defect, or any combination of defects, which seriously detracts from the appearance, or the edible or shipping quality of the sweet potato, or any defect, except shape, which cannot be removed without a loss of more than ten per cent of the total weight of the sweet potato, including the peel covering the defective area: (1) Dry rot, when present in any degree; (2) Grass root, wireworm, weevil, or similar injury, when any hole is longer than one and one-fourth inches on a six to eight ounce sweet potato, or when the aggregate length of all holes is more than two inches (smaller §4-41- 41-122 potatoes shall have proportionately lesser amounts and larger potatoes may have greater amounts, provided that the removal of the defect by proper trimming does not affect appearance of the sweet potato to a greater extent than the proper trimming of such defect on a six to eight ounce sweet potato); or (3) Growth cracks, when unhealed or seriously affecting the appearance of the individual sweet potato or the general appearance of the lot. "Single type" means the sweet potatoes have the same type of flesh and do not show an extreme range in skin color. For example, dry type sweet potatoes shall not be mixed with semi-moist or moist type sweet potatoes, and deep red or purple skinned sweet potatoes shall not be mixed with sweet potatoes that are yellow or reddish copper in color. "Single variety" means the sweet potatoes have the same type and color of flesh and practically the same skin color. "Smooth" means the sweet potato is free from coarse veining or other defects which cause a roughness to the extent that its appearance is appreciably affected. "Well shaped" means the sweet potato is not so curved, crooked, constricted, ridged, or otherwise misshapen that its appearance is appreciably affected. (b) Hawaii Fancy (Hawaii Grade AA) sweet potato consists of Hawaii-grown sweet potatoes of a single variety which are firm, smooth, fairly clean, and well shaped; and which are free from freezing injury, internal breakdown, black rot, wet breakdown or other decay, insects, insect hole or tunnel, rodent injury, sprouts, and growth cracks and from injury caused by secondary rootlets, cuts, bruises, scars, scurf or other disease, insects, or mechanical or other means. Each sweet potato shall be not less than one and three- fourths inches nor more than three and one-fourth inches in diameter; not less than three inches nor more than nine inches in length; and shall weigh not more than sixteen ounces. In order to allow for variations incident to proper grading, sizing, and handling, the following tolerances, based on weight, are provided: (1) For defects, not more than a total of ten per cent of the sweet potatoes in any lot may fail to meet the requirements of this grade, §4-41- 41-123 provided not more than one-half of this amount, or five per cent, shall be allowed for sweet potatoes damaged by any cause, including not more than three per cent seriously damaged by weevils and not more than one per cent affected by soft rot or wet breakdown; and (2) For off-size, not more than ten per cent of the sweet potatoes in any lot may fail to meet the size requirements of this grade, provided not more than one-half of this amount, or five per cent, shall be allowed for sweet potatoes below the specified minimum diameter or minimum length. (c) Hawaii No. 1 (Hawaii Grade A) sweet potato consists of Hawaii-grown sweet potatoes of a single type which are firm, fairly smooth, fairly clean, and fairly well shaped; and which are free from freezing injury, internal breakdown, black rot, wet breakdown or other decay, insects, and rodent injury and from damage caused by secondary rootlets, cuts, bruises, scars, scurf or other disease, growth cracks, grass roots, wireworms, weevils or other insects, sprouts, or mechanical or other means. Unless otherwise specified, each sweet potato shall be not less than one and three- fourths inches nor more than three and three-fourths inches in diameter; not less than three inches nor more than ten inches in length; and shall weigh not more than twenty-four ounces. In order to allow for variations incident to proper grading, sizing, and handling, the following tolerances, based on weight, are provided: (1) For defects, not more than a total of ten per cent of the sweet potatoes in any lot may fail to meet the requirements of this grade, provided not more than one-half of this amount, or five per cent, shall be allowed for sweet potatoes seriously damaged by any cause, including not more than three per cent seriously damaged by weevils and not more than one per cent affected by soft rot or wet breakdown; and (2) For off-size, not more than ten per cent of the sweet potatoes in any lot may fail to meet the specified size, provided not more than one-half of this amount, or five per cent, shall be allowed for sweet potatoes §4-41- 41-124 below the specified minimum diameter or minimum length. (d) Hawaii No. 2 (Hawaii Grade B) sweet potato consists of Hawaii-grown sweet potatoes of a single type which are firm, not more than slightly dirty, and not badly misshapen; and which are free from freezing injury, internal breakdown, black rot, wet breakdown or other decay, and insects and from serious damage caused by cuts, bruises, scars, growth cracks, grass roots, wireworms, weevils or other insects, or mechanical or other means. Unless otherwise specified, each sweet potato shall be not less than one and three-fourths inches in diameter and shall weigh not more than thirty-two ounces. In order to allow for variations incident to proper grading, sizing, and handling, the following tolerances, based on weight, are provided: (1) For defects, not more than a total of ten per cent of the sweet potatoes in any lot may fail to meet the requirements of this grade, provided not more than three-tenths of this amount, or three per cent, shall be allowed for sweet potatoes seriously damaged by weevils and not more than one per cent for sweet potatoes affected by soft rot or wet breakdown; and (2) For off-size, not more than ten per cent of the sweet potatoes in any lot may fail to meet the size requirements of this grade, provided not more than one-half of this amount, or five per cent, shall be allowed for sweet potatoes below the minimum diameter specified. [Eff 5/29/81; am and comp 8/18/83; am and comp 3/24/86] (Auth: HRS §147-4) (Imp: HRS §147-4) §4-41-58 Standards for Hawaii-grown red and icicle radishes. (a) As used in this section: "Clean" means practically free from dirt or other foreign material, and there is no caked dirt on the root. "Damage" means any of the following specific defects, or an equally objectionable variation of any one of these defects, any other defect, or any combination of defects, which materially detracts from the appearance, or the edible or shipping quality of the radish: (1) Cuts, when discolored, rough, or deep, or §4-41- 41-125 when aggregating an area more than three- eighths inch in diameter; (2) Growth cracks or air cracks, when discolored or deep, or more than three-eighths inch in length, or the appearance is materially affected; (3) Pithiness, when there is more than a slight pithy condition, or when the edible quality is materially affected; (4) Russeting, when smooth and, alone or in combination with light colored scars, affecting more than fifteen per cent of the root surface, or when rough and, alone or in combination with dark colored scars, affecting more than five per cent of the root surface; or (5) Yellowing or other discoloration, when the appearance of the top or leafstem is materially affected, but slight yellowing or discoloration and other abnormal color affecting only a few leaves shall not be considered as materially affecting appearance if the top as a whole shows a predominantly normal green color. "Diameter" means the greatest dimension of the radish root measured at right angles to a line running from the crown to the base of the root. "Fairly well shaped" means the root is not misshapen to the extent that the appearance is seriously affected. "Firm" means the root is crisp and not soft or flabby. "Fresh" means the tops are not badly wilted. "Proper length" means the tops are not clipped on radishes with full length tops, or the remaining leafstems on topped radishes are not more than three- eighths inch long and no portion of the crown is cut off to the extent that the flesh is exposed. "Serious damage" means any defect or combination of defects which seriously detracts from the appearance, or the edible or shipping quality of the radish. "Similar varietal characteristics" means the radishes are similar in color and shape. "Tender" means the root is not woody or stringy. "Well trimmed" means the root is not covered with secondary rootlets to the extent that the appearance is §4-41- 41-126 materially affected, and any objectionable long or coarse tail-like root has been removed. (b) Hawaii No. 1 (Hawaii Grade A) red and icicle radishes consist of Hawaii-grown red and icicle radishes of similar varietal characteristics which are clean, well trimmed, fairly well shaped, firm, and tender; and which are free from freezing injury, decay, and shriveling and from damage caused by growth cracks or air cracks, russeting, pithiness, cuts, disease, insects, or mechanical or other means. Unless otherwise specified, each radish root shall be not less than five-eighths inch in diameter. Tops of red and icicle radishes shall be clean, fresh, and of proper length; and free from decay and from damage caused by freezing, seedstem, yellowing or other discoloration, disease, insects, or mechanical or other means. In order to allow for variations incident to proper grading, sizing, and handling, the following tolerances, based on count, are provided: (1) For defective roots, not more than a total of ten per cent of the radish roots in any lot may fail to meet the requirements of this grade, provided not more than one-half of this amount, or five per cent, shall be allowed for radishes seriously damaged by any cause, including not more than one per cent affected by decay; (2) For defective tops, not more than a total of ten per cent of the tops in any lot may fail to meet the requirements of this grade, provided not more than one-half of this amount, or five per cent, may fail to meet the requirement for proper length and not more than two per cent may be affected by decay; and (3) For off-size, not more than ten per cent of the radishes in any lot may fail to meet the specified size. (c) Hawaii No. 2 (Hawaii Grade B) red and icicle radishes consist of Hawaii-grown red and icicle radishes which meet the requirements in subsection (b), except for grade tolerances. In order to allow for variations incident to proper grading, sizing, and handling, the following tolerances, based on count, are provided: (1) For defective roots, not more than a total of ten per cent of the radish roots in any lot may fail to meet the requirements of this §4-41- 41-127 grade, provided not more than one per cent may be affected by decay; (2) For defective tops, not more than a total of ten per cent of the radish tops in any lot may fail to meet the requirements of this grade, provided not more than two per cent may be affected by decay; and (3) For off-size, not more than a total of ten per cent of the radishes in any lot may fail to meet the size specified. [Eff 5/29/81; am and comp 8/18/83; am and comp 3/24/86] (Auth: HRS §147-4) (Imp: HRS §147-4)