Monitoring Requirements

Section 611 TITLE 35: ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION SUBTITLE F: PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES CHAPTER I: POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD PART 611 PRIMARY DRINKING WATER STANDARDS SECTION 611.382 MONITORING REQUIREMENTS Section 611.382  Monitoring Requirements a)         General Requirements 1)         A supplier must take all samples during normal operating conditions. 2)         A supplier may consider multiple wells drawing water from a single aquifer as one treatment plant for determining the minimum number of TTHM and HAA5 samples required with Agency approval. 3)         Failure to monitor in compliance with the monitoring plan required under subsection (f) is a monitoring violation. 4)         If compliance is based on a running annual average of monthly or quarterly samples or averages and the supplier's failure to monitor makes it impossible to determine compliance with MCLs or MRDLs, this failure to monitor will be treated as a violation for the entire period covered by the annual average. 5)         A supplier must use only data collected under the provisions of this Subpart I to qualify for reduced monitoring. b)         Monitoring Requirements for Disinfection Byproducts (DBPs) 1)         TTHMs and HAA5 A)        Routine Monitoring.  A supplier must monitor at the following frequency: i)          A Subpart B system supplier that serves 10,000 or more persons must collect four water samples per quarter per treatment plant.  At least 25 percent of all samples collected each quarter must be collected at locations representing maximum residence time.  The remaining samples may be taken at locations representative of at least average residence time in the distribution system and representing the entire distribution system, taking into account the number of persons served, the different sources of water, and the different treatment methods. ii)         A Subpart B system supplier that serves from 500 to 9,999 persons must collect one water sample per quarter per treatment plant.  The samples must be collected from locations representing maximum residence time. iii)        A Subpart B system supplier that serves fewer than 500 persons must collect one sample per year per treatment plant during month of warmest water temperature.  The samples must be collected from locations representing maximum residence time.  If the sample (or average of annual samples, if more than one sample is taken) exceeds the MCL, the supplier must increase the monitoring frequency to one sample per treatment plant per quarter, taken at a point reflecting the maximum residence time in the distribution system, until the supplier meets the standards in subsection (b)(1)(D). iv)        A supplier that uses only groundwater not under direct influence of surface water, that uses chemical disinfectant, and that serves 10,000 or more persons must collect one water sample per quarter per treatment plant.  The samples must be collected from locations representing maximum residence time. v)         A supplier that uses only groundwater not under direct influence of surface water, that uses chemical disinfectant, and that serves fewer than 10,000 persons must collect one sample per year per treatment plant during month of warmest water temperature.  The samples must be collected from locations representing maximum residence time.  If the sample (or average of annual samples, if more than one sample is taken) exceeds MCL, the supplier must increase monitoring to one sample per treatment plant per quarter, taken at a point reflecting the maximum residence time in the distribution system, until the supplier meets standards in subsection (b)(1)(D). BOARD NOTE:  If a supplier elects to sample more frequently than the minimum required, at least 25 percent of all samples collected each quarter (including those taken in excess of the required frequency) must be taken at locations that represent the maximum residence time of the water in the distribution system.  The remaining samples must be taken at locations representative of at least average residence time in the distribution system.  For a supplier using groundwater not under the direct influence of surface water, multiple wells drawing water from a single aquifer may be considered one treatment plant for determining the minimum number of samples required, with Agency approval. B)        A supplier may reduce monitoring, except as otherwise provided, in compliance with the following: i)          A Subpart B system supplier that serves 10,000 or more persons and that has a source water annual average TOC level, before any treatment, of less than or equal to 4.0 mg/ℓ may reduce monitoring if it has monitored for at least one year and its TTHM annual average is less than or equal to 0.040 mg/ℓ and HAA5 annual average is less than or equal to 0.030 mg/ℓ.  The reduced monitoring allowed is a minimum of one sample per treatment plant per quarter at a distribution system location reflecting maximum residence time. ii)         A Subpart B system supplier that serves from 500 to 9,999 persons and that has a source water annual average TOC level, before any treatment, of less than or equal to 4.0 mg/ℓ may reduce monitoring if it has monitored at least one year and its TTHM annual average is less than or equal to 0.040 mg/ℓ and HAA5 annual average is less than or equal to 0.030 mg/ℓ.  The reduced monitoring allowed is a minimum of one sample per treatment plant per year at a distribution system location reflecting maximum residence time during month of warmest water temperature. BOARD NOTE:  Any Subpart B system supplier that serves fewer than 500 persons may not reduce its monitoring to less than one sample per treatment plant per year. iii)        A supplier using only groundwater not under direct influence of surface water using chemical disinfectant and that serves 10,000 or more persons may reduce monitoring if it has monitored at least one year and its TTHM annual average is less than or equal to 0.040 mg/ℓ and HAA5 annual average is less than or equal to 0.030 mg/ℓ.  The reduced monitoring allowed is a minimum of one sample per treatment plant per year at a distribution system location reflecting maximum residence time during month of warmest water temperature. iv)        A supplier using only groundwater not under direct influence of surface water that uses chemical disinfectant and that serves fewer than 10,000 persons may reduce monitoring if it has monitored at least one year and its TTHM annual average is less than or equal to 0.040 mg/ℓ and HAA5 annual average is less than or equal to 0.030 mg/ℓ for two consecutive years or TTHM annual average is less than or equal to 0.020 mg/ℓ and HAA5 annual average is less than or equal to 0.015 mg/ℓ for one year.  The reduced monitoring allowed is a minimum of one sample per treatment plant per three year monitoring cycle at a distribution system location reflecting maximum residence time during month of warmest water temperature, with the three-year cycle beginning on January 1 following the quarter in which the supplier qualifies for reduced monitoring. C ) Monitoring Requirements for Source Water TOC.  In order to qualify for reduced monitoring for TTHM and HAA5 under subsection (b)(1)(B), a Subpart B system supplier not monitoring under the provisions of subsection (d) must take monthly TOC samples every 30 days at a location prior to any treatment.  In addition to meeting other criteria for reduced monitoring in subsection (b)(1)(B), the source water TOC running annual average must be £ 4.0 mg/ℓ (based on the most recent four quarters of monitoring) on a continuing basis at each treatment plant to reduce or remain on reduced monitoring for TTHM and HAA5.  Once qualified for reduced monitoring for TTHM and HAA5 under subsection (b)(1)(B), a system may reduce source water TOC monitoring to quarterly TOC samples taken every 90 days at a location prior to any treatment. D)        A Subpart B system supplier on a reduced monitoring schedule may remain on that reduced schedule as long as the average of all samples taken in the year (for a supplier that must monitor quarterly) or the result of the sample (for a supplier that must monitor no more frequently than annually) is no more than 0.060 mg/ℓ and 0.045 mg/ℓ for TTHMs and HAA5, respectively.  A supplier that does not meet these levels must resume monitoring at the frequency identified in subsection (b)(1)(A) in the quarter immediately following the monitoring period in which the supplier exceeds 0.060 mg/ℓ for TTHMs or 0.045 mg/ℓ for HAA5.  For a supplier that uses only groundwater not under the direct influence of surface water and that serves fewer than 10,000 persons, if either the TTHM annual average is greater than 0.080 mg/ℓ or the HAA5 annual average is greater than 0.060 mg/ℓ, the supplier must go to increased monitoring identified in subsection (b)(1)(A) in the quarter immediately following the monitoring period in which the supplier exceeds 0.080 mg/ℓ for TTHMs or 0.060 mg/ℓ for HAA5. E)        The Agency may return a supplier to routine monitoring. 2)         Chlorite.  A CWS or NTNCWS supplier using chlorine dioxide, for disinfection or oxidation, must conduct monitoring for chlorite. A)        Routine Monitoring i)          Daily Monitoring.  A supplier must take daily samples at the entrance to the distribution system.  For any daily sample that exceeds the chlorite MCL, the supplier must take additional samples in the distribution system the following day at the locations required by subsection (b)(2)(B), in addition to the sample required at the entrance to the distribution system. ii)         Monthly Monitoring.  A supplier must take a three-sample set each month in the distribution system.  The supplier must take one sample at each of the following locations:  near the first customer, at a location representative of average residence time, and at a location reflecting maximum residence time in the distribution system.  Any additional routine sampling must be conducted in the same manner (as three-sample sets, at the specified locations).  The supplier may use the results of additional monitoring conducted under subsection (b)(2)(B) to meet the requirement for monitoring in this subsection (b)(2)(A)(ii). B)        Additional Monitoring.  On each day following a routine sample monitoring result that exceeds the chlorite MCL at the entrance to the distribution system, the supplier must take three chlorite distribution system samples at the following locations:  as close to the first customer as possible, in a location representative of average residence time, and as close to the end of the distribution system as possible (reflecting maximum residence time in the distribution system). C)        Reduced Monitoring i)          Chlorite monitoring at the entrance to the distribution system required by subsection (b)(2)(A)(i) may not be reduced. ii)         Chlorite monitoring in the distribution system required by subsection (b)(2)(A)(ii) may be reduced to one three-sample set per quarter after one year of monitoring if no individual chlorite sample taken in the distribution system under subsection (b)(2)(A)(ii) has exceeded the chlorite MCL and the supplier has not been required to conduct monitoring under subsection (b)(2)(B).  The supplier may remain on the reduced monitoring schedule until either any of the three individual chlorite samples taken quarterly in the distribution system under subsection (b)(2)(A)(ii) exceeds the chlorite MCL or the supplier is required to conduct monitoring under subsection (b)(2)(B), at which time the supplier must revert to routine monitoring. 3)         Bromate A)        Routine Monitoring.  A CWS or NTNCWS supplier using ozone, for disinfection or oxidation, must take one sample per month for each treatment plant in the system using ozone.  A supplier must take samples monthly at the entrance to the distribution system while the ozonation system is operating under normal conditions. B)        Reduced Monitoring. A supplier required to analyze for bromate may reduce monitoring from monthly to quarterly if the supplier's running annual average bromate concentration is not greater than 0.0025 mg/ℓ based on monthly bromate measurements under subsection (b)(3)(A) for the most recent four quarters, with samples analyzed using USEPA 302.0 (09), USEPA 317.0 (01), USEPA 321.8 (97), USEPA 326.0 (02), or USEPA 557 (09), each incorporated by reference in Section 611.102.  If a supplier has qualified for reduced bromate monitoring under subsection (b)(3)(B)(i), that supplier may remain on reduced monitoring as long as the running annual average of quarterly bromate samples not greater than 0.0025 mg/ℓ based on samples analyzed using USEPA 302.0 (09), USEPA 317.0 (01), USEPA 321.8 (97), 326.0 (02), or USEPA 557 (09).  If the running annual average bromate concentration is greater than 0.0025 mg/ℓ, the supplier must resume routine monitoring required by subsection (b)(3)(A). c)         Monitoring Requirements for Disinfectant Residuals 1)         Chlorine and Chloramines A)        Routine Monitoring.  A CWS or NTNCWS supplier that uses chlorine or chloramines must measure the residual disinfectant level in the distribution system at the same point in the distribution system and at the same time as total coliforms are sampled, as specified in Sections 611.1054 through 611.1058.  A Subpart B system supplier may use the results of residual disinfectant concentration sampling conducted under Section 611.532 for unfiltered systems or Section 611.533 for systems that filter, in lieu of taking separate samples. B)        Reduced Monitoring.  Monitoring may not be reduced. 2)         Chlorine Dioxide A)        Routine Monitoring.  A CWS, an NTNCWS, or a transient non-CWS supplier that uses chlorine dioxide for disinfection or oxidation must take daily samples at the entrance to the distribution system. For any daily sample that exceeds the MRDL, the supplier must take samples in the distribution system the following day at the locations required by subsection (c)(2)(B), in addition to the sample required at the entrance to the distribution system. B)        Additional Monitoring.  On each day following a routine sample monitoring result that exceeds the MRDL, the supplier must take three chlorine dioxide distribution system samples.  If chlorine dioxide or chloramines are used to maintain a disinfectant residual in the distribution system, or if chlorine is used to maintain a disinfectant residual in the distribution system and there are no disinfection addition points after the entrance to the distribution system (i.e., no booster chlorination), the supplier must take three samples as close to the first customer as possible, at intervals of at least six hours.  If chlorine is used to maintain a disinfectant residual in the distribution system and there are one or more disinfection addition points after the entrance to the distribution system (i.e., booster chlorination), the supplier must take one sample at each of the following locations:  as close to the first customer as possible, in a location representative of average residence time, and as close to the end of the distribution system as possible (reflecting maximum residence time in the distribution system). C)        Reduced Monitoring.  Monitoring may not be reduced. d)         Monitoring Requirements for Disinfection Byproduct (DBP) Precursors 1)         Routine Monitoring.  A Subpart B system supplier that uses conventional filtration treatment (as defined in Section 611.101) must monitor each treatment plant for TOC not past the point of combined filter effluent turbidity monitoring and representative of the treated water.  A supplier required to monitor under this subsection (d)(1) must also monitor for TOC in the source water prior to any treatment at the same time as monitoring for TOC in the treated water.  These samples (source water and treated water) are referred to as paired samples.  At the same time as the source water sample is taken, a system must monitor for alkalinity in the source water prior to any treatment.  A supplier must take one paired sample and one source water alkalinity sample per month per plant at a time representative of normal operating conditions and influent water quality. 2)         Reduced Monitoring.  A Subpart B system supplier with an average treated water TOC of less than 2.0 mg/ℓ for two consecutive years, or less than 1.0 mg/ℓ for one year, may reduce monitoring for both TOC and alkalinity to one paired sample and one source water alkalinity sample per plant per quarter.  The supplier must revert to routine monitoring in the month following the quarter when the annual average treated water TOC greater than or equal to 2.0 mg/ℓ. e)         Bromide.  A supplier required to analyze for bromate may reduce bromate monitoring from monthly to once per quarter, if the supplier demonstrates that the average source water bromide concentration is less than 0.05 mg/ℓ based upon representative monthly measurements for one year.  The supplier must continue bromide monitoring to remain on reduced bromate monitoring. f)         Monitoring Plans.  Each supplier required to monitor under this Subpart I must develop and implement a monitoring plan.  The supplier must maintain the plan and make it available for inspection by the Agency and the general public no later than 30 days following the applicable compliance dates in Section 611.380(b).  A Subpart B system supplier that serves more than 3,300 persons must submit a copy of the monitoring plan to the Agency no later than the date of the first report required under Section 611.384.  After review, the Agency may require changes in any plan elements.  The plan must include at least the following elements: 1)         Specific locations and schedules for collecting samples for any parameters included in this Subpart I; 2)         How the supplier will calculate compliance with MCLs, MRDLs, and treatment techniques; and 3)         If approved for monitoring as a consecutive system, or if providing water to a consecutive system, under the provisions of Section 611.500, the sampling plan must reflect the entire distribution system. BOARD NOTE:  Derived from 40 CFR 141.132.